This document provides an overview of web maps and geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses how spatial data like points, lines and polygons can be stored and organized in databases, layers and map documents. The document also describes common GIS tasks like geocoding, geometric calculations and network analysis that can be performed via GIS services on a web map server. Key concepts covered include spatial data types, map symbols, scales, feature and map services that deliver maps and layers to web and mobile applications.

1. WHAT’S BEHIND OF
WEB MAPS?
Daniel Puiu
TeamNet International 10th of November 2012
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2. WHAT WE DO AT WORK
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3. WHAT THEY DO AT WORK
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4. 80 slides
AGENDA 20 minutes
1 slide/15 seconds!
•Database •Geodatabase
•SQL Server
•Geometry •Map document
•Geography
•Layer
•Table Store Data •Simbology
•Create map
•SQL •Map •JSON
World •ESRI
•REST
•Entity Framework •Geoprocessing •Graphics
•Data GIS Services
•Spatial Type •Tools
•GIS Server
•Web Services •Basemap
•SOAP Demo
•HTML5 •Dynamic Maps•Legend
•Silverlight
Web Map APIs •Caching
•JavaScript Web Map Apps
•Time
•Flex
aware
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5. •Database •Geodatabase
•SQL Server
•Geometry •Map document
•Geography
•Layer
•Table Store Data •Simbology
•Create map
•SQL •Map •JSON
World •ESRI
•REST
•Entity Framework •Geoprocessing •Graphics
•Data Map Services
•Spatial Type •Tools
•GIS Server
•Web Services •Basemap Demo
•SOAP
•HTML5 •Dynamic Maps•Legend
•Silverlight
Web Map APIs •Caching
•JavaScript Web Map Apps
•Time
•Flex
aware
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6. HOW TO STORE A DAM?
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7. STORING A DAM USING A TABLE
Id Name Material Height
78 Suhaia Stone 5
79 Vlasin Stone 7
80 Vieru 2 Earth 5
81 Vieru 3 Earth 7
82 Magura Earth 2
83 Putineiu Other 4
84 Rojistea Wood 8
85 Cascioarele Wood 4
86 Luncavita Unknown 4
87 Catuna Stone 10
88 Malina Stone 8
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8. HOW TO STORE DAM‘S LOCATION?
Id Name Material Height Location
78 Suhaia Stone 5 ?
79 Vlasin Stone 7 ?
80 Vieru 2 Earth 5 ?
81 Vieru 3 Earth 7 ?
82 Magura Earth 2 ?
83 Putineiu Other 4 ?
84 Rojistea Wood 8 ?
85 Cascioarele Wood 4 ?
86 Luncavita Unknown 4 ?
87 Catuna Stone 10 ?
88 Malina Stone 8 ?
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9. USING DESCRIPTIVE WORDS ...
Id Name Material Height Location
78 Suhaia Stone 5 In Valea Adanca
79 Vlasin Stone 7 Near Schitu locality
80 Vieru 2 Earth 5 500 meters from Mitoc
81 Vieru 3 Earth 7 On the river Parapanca
82 Magura Earth 2 3 km upstream
83 Putineiu Other 4 ...
84 Rojistea Wood 8 ...
85 Cascioarele Wood 4 ...
86 Luncavita Unknown 4 ...
87 Catuna Stone 10 ...
88 Malina Stone 8 ...
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10. ASSUMING A DAM IS JUST A POINT
X, Y
A point
A dam
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11. USING COORDINATES
Id Name Material Height X Y
78 Suhaia Stone 5 516370 246708
79 Vlasin Stone 7 569414 289438
80 Vieru 2 Earth 5 561804 260952
81 Vieru 3 Earth 7 562885 261682
82 Magura Earth 2 606078 293024
83 Putineiu Other 4 562633 265486
84 Rojistea Wood 8 532814 248998
85 Cascioarele Wood 4 618303 294620
86 Luncavita Unknown 4 757719 424369
87 Catuna Stone 10 734465 438727
88 Malina Stone 8 730292 441636
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12. WHAT ABOUT A RIVER?
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13. A RIVER HAS A COLLECTION OF POINTS
X1, Y1
X3, Y3
X2, Y2
X4, Y4
A river
Xn, Yn
A collection of points
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14. UNLIKELY TO STORE IT LIKE THIS
Id Name Affluent Rank X1 Y1 X2 Y2 XN YN
177 Budac Sieu 3 469490 615859 469451 615925 … 469442 615935
178 Bolovan Budac 4 541236 249243 541241 249234 … 543921 238388
179 Budusel Budac 4 … … … … … ... …
180 Petris Budusel 5 … … … … … … …
181 Ses Budac 4 … … … … … … …
182 Budus Budac 4 … … … … … … …
183 Bistrita Sieu 3 … … … … … … …
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15. USING ONE-TO-MANY RELATIONSHIPS
Id Name Affluent Rank
177 Budac Sieu 3
178 Bolovan Budac 4
179 Budusel Budac 4 Id RiverId X Y
45 181 469490 615859
180 Petris Budusel 5
46 181 469451 615925
181 Ses Budac 4 48 181 469442 615935
182 Budus Budac 4 … … … …
183 Bistrita Sieu 3 762 181 459806 615809
Rivers table 763 181 459770 615779
RiverPoints table
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16. WHAT DO YOU SAY ABOUT GREECE?
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17. WE HAVE SOME ISSUES WITH GREECE
•X1, Y1
•X20, Y20
•X30, Y30
•X40, Y
•X50, Y50 40
•X1, Y1
Greece Islands •X1, Y1
•X10, Y10
•X
•X30, Y3020, Y20
•X50, •X40, Y40
Y60
A collection of collection of points
17

18. THE SOLUTION
Spatial Type is a type that stores information
about physical location and the shape of
geometric objects.
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19. STORING A POLYLINE USING SPATIAL TYPE
Id Name Affluent Ranking Shape
177 Budac Sieu 3 …
178 Bolovan Budac 4 …
179 Budusel Budac 4 …
0x00000000010497000000401CEBA237E811414072F9CFE
49D16414039B44847E8114180E61D67F39C164140DD244
180 Petris Budusel 5 63AE8114100AC1C9A229B16418010583959E81141C0AAC
FD5BC99164100849E0DC2E81141C054
ToString()
LINESTRING (497847 247498, 498003 247570, 498158 247627,
498362 247664, 498670 247693, 499097 247690, 499426 247637,
499796 247594, 500159 247452, 500338 247367 , … , 501521
245798)
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20. GEOMETRY VS. GEOGRAPHY
Geometry Geography
Euclidian (flat-earth) Ellipsoidal (round-earth)
Stereo 70 WGS84
X: 488621 Longitude: 24° 51' 20.55''
Y: 386736 Latitude: 44° 58' 50.16''
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21. SQL
-- Create table
CREATE TABLE Lakes(
Id int IDENTITY (1,1),
Name nvarchar(50),
Location geometry)
-- Insert lake
INSERT INTO Lakes(Name, Location) VALUES(
'Morun',
geometry::STGeomFromText(
'POLYGON ((0 0, 150 0, 150 150, 0 150, 0 0))', 0))
-- Update lake geometry
UPDATE Lakes
SET Location = geometry::STGeomFromText(
'POLYGON ((0 0, 150 0, 150 150, 75 200, 0 150, 0 0))', 0)
WHERE Name = 'Morun'
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22. SHOW THE RESULTS
-- Get the lake
SELECT Id, Name, Location FROM LAKES WHERE Name = ‘Morun’
Spatial results
Results
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23. SQL SERVER MANAGEMENT STUDIO
1. The table 3. The results
2. The query
SELECT SHAPE FROM COUNTIES
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24. GEOMETRY METHODS
-- Get hotel’s location
DECLARE @hotelLocation geometry
SET @hotelLocation = (SELECT hotel.Address
FROM Hotels as hotel
WHERE hotel.Id = 2)
-- Get all lakes within 20 km
SELECT Name,Location
FROM Lakes
WHERE (Location.STDistance(@hotelLocation) <= 20000
Calculate distance
between a lake and a hotel
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25. ENTITY FRAMEWORK 5.0
Hotel class Lake class
public class Hotel
public class Lake
{
{
public Int32 Id;
public Int32 Id;
public String Name;
public String Name;
public Int32 NumberOfRooms;
public DBGeometry Location;
public DBGeometry Location;
}
}
Query using LINQ
// Get hotel's location
var hotel = db.Hotels.Single(hotel => hotel.Id == 2);
// Get all lakes within 20 km range
var lakes = from lake in db.Lakes
where lake.Location.Distance(hotel.Location) <= 20000
select lake
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26. HOW TO STORE A CAR ACCIDENT POSITION?
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27. LINEAR REFERENCING
Id RoadId Description M
45 234 Big accident 40.5
46 462 … 234
48 563 … 100
… … … …
Accidents table
Km 46
Road E 85
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28. HOW TO STORE ROAD SPEED LIMITS?
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29. DYNAMIC SEGMENTATION
Km 0 Km 21 Km 44
2 lines 4 lines
Lanes
Km 17 Km 30
Asphalt Concrete Asphalt
Material
Good Fair Poor Good
Quality
50 km/h 60 km/h 70 km/h 50 km/h
Speed
Km 0 Km 10 Km 20 Km 30 Km 40 Km 50
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30. MORE OPEN QUESTIONS
• Q: What was the quality of Iasi-Botosani road from 2000
until now?
• A: Archiving
• Q: How can we ensure that there are no gaps between
Iasi and Vaslui counties?
• A: Spatial Data Integrity
• Q: How do we reach to National Arena from Iasi?
• A: Network Analyst
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31. FOR ALL THE REST THERE‘S GEODATABASE
A geodatabase is a database with extensions for storing,
querying, and manipulating geographic information.
System Tables User Defined
Tables
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32. •Database •Geodatabase
•SQL Server
•Geometry •Map document
•Geography
•Layer
•Table Store Data •Simbology
•Create map
•SQL •Map •JSON
World •ESRI
•REST
•Entity Framework •Geoprocessing •Graphics
•Data Map Services
•Spatial Type •Tools
•GIS Server
•Web Services •Basemap Demo
•SOAP
•HTML5 •Dynamic Maps•Legend
•Silverlight
Web Map APIs •Caching
•JavaScript Web Map Apps
•Time
•Flex
aware
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33. WHAT IS A LAYER?
Id Name Attribute Shape
A layer is a collection of … … … …
spatial elements that … … … …
share the same attributes, … … … …
the same geometry type.
… … … …
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34. WHAT IS A LAYER?
A layer is a collection of spatial
elements that share the same
attributes, the same geometry
type and share symbols,
etiquettes and scales.
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35. SIMPLE SIMBOLOGY
A blue color point.
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36. GRAPHIC SYMBOLS
An icon representing
a point.
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37. QUANTITATIVE SIMBOLOGY
Points having radius
proportionally with the
volume.
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38. CATEGORY SYMBOLS
Counties symbolized
by area.
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39. TEXT SYMBOLS
Labels for cities and
rivers.
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40. MAP DOCUMENT
Data Source
Layers
Simbology
Map Document
Scales
Fields
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41. ARCGIS SERVER ARCHITECTURE
Map SOC
Document
F
SOM
d
SOC
s
Data GIS Server Web Server
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42. GIS SERVICES
Geocode Services Geoprocessing Services
Finds address Provides spatial
locations. analysis and data
processing services.
Geometry Services Network Analyst
Provides geometric Performs analysis
calculation such as such as routing,
distance, buffer etc. closest facility etc.
Feature Services Mapping Services
Serves features and Serves cached and
simbology. dynamic maps.
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43. •Database •Geodatabase
•SQL Server
•Geometry •Map document
•Geography
•Layer
•Table Store Data •Simbology
•Create map
•SQL •Map •JSON
World •ESRI
•REST
•Entity Framework •Geoprocessing •Graphics
•Data Map Services
•Spatial Type •Tools
•GIS Server
•Web Services •Basemap Demo
•SOAP
•HTML5 •Dynamic Maps•Legend
•Silverlight
Web Map APIs •Caching
•JavaScript Web Map Apps
•Time
•Flex
aware
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44. HOW DO I GET DATA INTO MY APP?
OGC
Open Geospatial Consortium
SOAP
Simple Object Acces Protocol
REST
REpresentational State Transfer
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45. GIS SERVICES
Service Resource URL
Map Services http://tni-iasi-atlas/ArcGIS/rest/services/Basemap/MapServer
Layer Services http://tni-iasi-atlas/ArcGIS/rest/services/Basemap/MapServer/34
Geometry http://tni-iasi-atlas/ArcGIS/rest/services/Geometry/GeometryServer
Services
Geoprocessing http://tni-iasi-atlas/ArcGIS/rest/services/GiurgiuShortRoute/GPServer
Services
Network http://tni-iasi-atlas/ArcGIS/rest/services/GiurgiuShortRoute/NAServer
Analist
Services
All GIS services are
exposed as resources.
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46. GIS SERVICES
Service Operation Operation URL
Map Services Export http://.../rest/services/Basemap/MapServer/export
Map
Layer Services Query http://.../rest/services/Basemap/MapServer/35/query
Geometry Distance http://.../services/Geometry/GeometryServer/distance
Services
Geoprocessing Submit http://.../services/GPServer/GiurgiuShortRoute/submitJob
Services Job
Network Solve http://.../services/GiurgiuShortRoute/NAServer/Route/solve
Analist Route
Services
Some services have
operations.

47. REST SAMPLE
http://tni-iasi-atlas/arcgis/rest/services/Species/MapServer/export
Input Parameters Output
Bbox
46410,220928,1060872,761802
bboxSR
PROJCS[”Stereo_70”]
dpi
96
f
image
format
png8
size
1908,932
Transparent
true
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48. WHAT DOES A WEB MAPPING API OFFER?
Easily integrate maps
into web pages.
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49. HOW DO I GET DATA INTO MY BROWSER?
ArcGIS Mapping for SharePoint ArcGIS API for Flex
ArcGIS API for JavaScript ArcGIS API for Silverlight
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50. WHY JAVASCRIPT API?
map.addLayer(baseLayer)
vs.
http://sampleserver1.arcgisonline.com/ArcGIS/
rest/services/Specialty/ESRI_StateCityHighway
_USA/MapServer/export?bbox=-127.8,15.4,-
63.5,60.5&f=pjson
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51. HELLO WORLD ... THE CODE
//JavaScript ...
var map = new esri.Map("map");
//Add the topographic layer to the map
var baseLayer = new
esri.layers.ArcGISTiledMapServiceLayer("http://...");
map.addLayer(baseLayer);
<-- HTML ... >
<div id="map" style="…">
<div style="…">Hello<div>
</div>
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52. HELLO WORLD ... THE RESULT
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53. •Database •Geodatabase
•SQL Server
•Geometry •Map document
•Geography
•Layer
•Table Store Data •Simbology
•Create map
•SQL •Map •JSON
World •ESRI
•REST
•Entity Framework •Geoprocessing •Graphics
•Data Map Services
•Spatial Type •Tools
•GIS Server
•Web Services •Basemap Demo
•SOAP
•HTML5 •Dynamic Maps•Legend
•Silverlight
Web Map APIs •Caching
•JavaScript Web Map Apps
•Time
•Flex
aware
53

54. WHAT IS A WEB MAP APPLICATION?
1 One or more map services
2 Integrated into a web application
3 That users interact with
4 To accomplish meaningful tasks
54

55. WHAT A WEB MAP APPLICATION IS NOT?
55

56. WHAT MAKES WEB MAP APP TO BE GREAT?
1 Fast
2 Up to date
3 Informative and useful
4 Easy to use and understand
5 Great cartography and multi scale
56

57. TWO TYPES OF DATA ORGANIZATION
Basemaps Operational Layers
Geographic frame of reference Show a focused item of interest
Static data Editable data
Reusable in multiple applications Displayed on top of a basemap
57

58. MAP TYPES
Dynamic
maps
Client
graphics
Cached
tiles
58

59. TILE CACHING
File
System
Browser
The server generates
and stores the whole
map at different scales.
GIS Server Web Server
59

60. WHAT YOU SEE
First level of
zoom in the
browser
60

61. IS NOT WHAT YOU GET
First level of
zoom on the
server
61

62. IS NOT WHAT YOU GET
Second level of
zoom on the
server
62

63. WHAT TO CACHE?
National
Geographic
Basemaps Map
Lakes Map
Don’t change often
Sandy
Hurricane
High traffic volume
63

64. CACHING PRO‘S AND CON‘S
1 Performance
2 Quality
3 Large storage
4 Generation time
5 Out of date
64

65. DYNAMIC MAPPING
Map
Data Document
Browser
Server generates
images on the fly.
GIS Server Web Server
65

66. WHAT FOR TO USE?
Road Traffic
Map
Real-time data
Forecast Map
Frequently changing data
Heat Map
Complex geometries
66

67. DYNAMIC MAPS PRO‘S AND CON‘S
1 Reflects the actual data
2 No need to maintain caches
3 Slower than caching
4 Need for server resources
5 Trade quality for performance
67

68. CLIENT SIDE GRAPHICS
Map
Data Document
Browser
The browser
JSON
draws maps.
ArcObjects
API
GIS Server Web Server
68

69. WHAT TO USE FOR?
Parcel Editor
Web editing
Popup Info
Interactive maps
Parcel Query
Query data
69

70. GRAPHICS PRO‘S AND CON‘S
1 Nice user experience
2 Off-load the work from the server
3 The “pressure” is on the client
4 Limited number of features
5 Lower quality
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71. •Database •Geodatabase
•SQL Server
•Geometry •Map document
•Geography
•Layer
•Table Store Data •Simbology
•Create map
•SQL •Map •JSON
World •ESRI
•REST
•Entity Framework •Geoprocessing •Graphics
•Data Map Services
•Spatial Type •Tools
•GIS Server
•Web Services •Basemap Demo
•SOAP
•HTML5 •Dynamic Maps•Legend
•Silverlight
Web Map APIs •Caching
•JavaScript Web Map Apps
•Time
•Flex
aware
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72. WATER INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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73. DANUBE DELTA MANAGEMENT
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74. ROADS MANAGEMENT
74

75. WHAT IS COMMON?
Map
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76. WHAT IS COMMON?
Map Legend
Grid Table of content
76

77. WHAT IS COMMON?
Map
Legend Measure tool
Grid Table of content Print tool
Basemap gallery Search Spatial filter
77

78. 78

79. Thank you!
Daniel Puiu
TeamNet International 10th of November 2012
79

80. Diamond Sponsors
Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsors
Training Partners Media Partners Other Partners
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