SlideShare a Scribd company logo
d. By how much does the supply of money supply or contract?
Supply of money increases by $20 million
e. Bankers estimate the velocity of money to be 2.4 and that the price level will increase from
100 to 102. What will be the impact of part d on the quantity of goods and services in the
economy given an initial money supply of $4 billion?

More Related Content

More from deepak596396

D- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdf
D- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdfD- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdf
D- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdf
deepak596396
 
Deliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdf
Deliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdfDeliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdf
Deliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdf
deepak596396
 
Define the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdf
Define the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdfDefine the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdf
Define the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdf
deepak596396
 
Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdf
Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdfDeinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdf
Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdf
deepak596396
 
Define a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdf
Define a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdfDefine a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdf
Define a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdf
deepak596396
 
Define a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdf
Define a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdfDefine a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdf
Define a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdf
deepak596396
 
D) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdf
D) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdfD) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdf
D) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdf
deepak596396
 
Define a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdf
Define a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdfDefine a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdf
Define a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exhibit 11-7 We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdf
Exhibit 11-7    We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdfExhibit 11-7    We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdf
Exhibit 11-7 We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdf
Exercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdfExercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdf
Exercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 8 1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdf
Exercise 8  1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdfExercise 8  1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdf
Exercise 8 1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdf
deepak596396
 
EXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdf
EXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdfEXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdf
EXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdf
Exercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdfExercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdf
Exercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdf
Exercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdfExercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdf
Exercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdf
Exercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdfExercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdf
Exercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdf
Exercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdfExercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdf
Exercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdf
Exercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdfExercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdf
Exercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdf
Exercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdfExercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdf
Exercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdf
Exercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdfExercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdf
Exercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdf
deepak596396
 
Exercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdf
Exercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdfExercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdf
Exercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdf
deepak596396
 

More from deepak596396 (20)

D- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdf
D- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdfD- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdf
D- Classifying Acids and Bases The pH of a solution is a number which.pdf
 
Deliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdf
Deliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdfDeliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdf
Deliverable- Create two single user empathy maps- as described below-.pdf
 
Define the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdf
Define the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdfDefine the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdf
Define the following terms- and explain it in your own words with exam.pdf
 
Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdf
Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdfDeinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdf
Deinococcus radiodurans is a bacteria with a very peculiar special abi.pdf
 
Define a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdf
Define a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdfDefine a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdf
Define a method printFeetinchShort- with int parameters numFeet and nu.pdf
 
Define a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdf
Define a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdfDefine a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdf
Define a method named orderOfAppearance() that takes the name of a rol.pdf
 
D) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdf
D) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdfD) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdf
D) there is little change across horizontal distances- Question 14 (Ma.pdf
 
Define a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdf
Define a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdfDefine a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdf
Define a method findResources() that takes two integer parameters as a.pdf
 
Exhibit 11-7 We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdf
Exhibit 11-7    We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdfExhibit 11-7    We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdf
Exhibit 11-7 We want to test the hypothesis that population B has a.pdf
 
Exercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdf
Exercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdfExercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdf
Exercise- You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 v.pdf
 
Exercise 8 1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdf
Exercise 8  1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdfExercise 8  1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdf
Exercise 8 1- Discuss the relevance of the Dutch disease problem for.pdf
 
EXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdf
EXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdfEXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdf
EXERCISE 7 - Let (Xn)n1 be a sequence of random variables such that Xn.pdf
 
Exercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdf
Exercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdfExercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdf
Exercise 7 Use the function design recipe to develop a function named.pdf
 
Exercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdf
Exercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdfExercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdf
Exercise 3- Consider an exponentially distributed random variable f(X-.pdf
 
Exercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdf
Exercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdfExercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdf
Exercise 5 Suppose that two dice were rolled and it was observed that.pdf
 
Exercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdf
Exercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdfExercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdf
Exercise 4- Suppose that a Bernoulli-type experiment is carried out as.pdf
 
Exercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdf
Exercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdfExercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdf
Exercise 4- These financial statement items are for Batra Corporation.pdf
 
Exercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdf
Exercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdfExercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdf
Exercise 3-4 For a system with discrete energy levels- give a formula.pdf
 
Exercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdf
Exercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdfExercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdf
Exercise 3-16 (Algo) Weighted average- Production cost report LO P2 El.pdf
 
Exercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdf
Exercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdfExercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdf
Exercise 2-1 What number should be moved into the OPTION register in o.pdf
 

Recently uploaded

Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movieFilm vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Nicholas Montgomery
 
writing about opinions about Australia the movie
writing about opinions about Australia the moviewriting about opinions about Australia the movie
writing about opinions about Australia the movie
Nicholas Montgomery
 
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
PECB
 
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPLAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
RAHUL
 
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodHow to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Celine George
 
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat  Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionExecutive Directors Chat  Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
TechSoup
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdfclinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
Priyankaranawat4
 
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdfHindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Dr. Mulla Adam Ali
 
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
IreneSebastianRueco1
 
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
RitikBhardwaj56
 
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
GeorgeMilliken2
 
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE” .
MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE”           .MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE”           .
MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE” .
Colégio Santa Teresinha
 
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide shareDRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
taiba qazi
 
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityNatural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Akanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
 
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Celine George
 
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdfLiberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
WaniBasim
 
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
 
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collectionThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
Israel Genealogy Research Association
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movieFilm vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
 
writing about opinions about Australia the movie
writing about opinions about Australia the moviewriting about opinions about Australia the movie
writing about opinions about Australia the movie
 
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
 
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPLAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
 
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodHow to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
 
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat  Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionExecutive Directors Chat  Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
 
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
 
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdfclinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
 
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdfHindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
 
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
 
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
 
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
 
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 6pptx.pptx
 
MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE” .
MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE”           .MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE”           .
MARY JANE WILSON, A “BOA MÃE” .
 
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide shareDRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
 
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityNatural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
 
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMHow to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
 
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdfLiberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
 
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
 
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collectionThe Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
 

d- By how much does the supply of money supply or contract- Supply of.pdf

  • 1. d. By how much does the supply of money supply or contract? Supply of money increases by $20 million e. Bankers estimate the velocity of money to be 2.4 and that the price level will increase from 100 to 102. What will be the impact of part d on the quantity of goods and services in the economy given an initial money supply of $4 billion?