The document discusses various forms of cybercrime, categorizing them based on the role of computers as targets or tools in committing criminal activities, including hacking, denial of service attacks, and cyberbullying. It highlights the motives behind such crimes and outlines the challenges faced by law enforcement, specifically referencing the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 in Pakistan. Additionally, tips for individuals to protect themselves from cybercrime are provided.

1. Cybercrime / Computer Crime
“criminal activity in which computers or computer
networks are a tool, a target, or a place of criminal
activity”
categorize based on computer’s role:
as target
as storage device
as communications tool
more comprehensive categorization seen in Cybercrime
Convention, Computer Crime Surveys

2. CATEGORIES OF CYBER CRIME
We can categorize cyber crime in two ways.
• The computer as a target :- using a computer to attacks other
computer,
e.g. Hacking , virus/worms attacks, Dos attack etc.
• The computer as a weapon :- using a computer to commit real world
crime
e.g. cyber terrorism and credit card fraud

3. TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
• HACKING :- Hacking in simple terms means an illegal intrusion info a
computer system and/or network . It is also known as CRACKING.
Government websites are the hot target of the hackers due to the press
coverage, it receives. Hackers enjoy the media coverage.
Motive behind the crime called HACKERS
Motive behind the crime called hacking greed power, publicity,
revenge, adventure desire to access forbidden information destructive
mindset wants to sell n/w security services.

4. TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
• DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS : This is an act by the criminals who
floods the bandwidth of the victims network or fills his E-mail box
with spam mailed depriving him of the service he is entitled to access
or provide. Many DOS attacks, such as the ping of death and Tear
drop attacks.
• VIRUS DISSEMINITION : Malicious software that attaches itself to
other software. VIRUS , WORMS, TROJAN HORSE ,WEB JACKING, E-
MAIL BOMBING etc.
• COMPUTER VANDALISM : Damaging or destroying data rather than
stealing or misusing them is called cyber vandalism. These are
program that attach themselves to a file and then circulate.

5. TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
• CYBER TERRORISM : Terrorist attacks on the
Internet is by distributed denial of service
attacks, hate websites and hate E-mails ,
attacks on service network etc.
• SOFTWARE PIRACY : Theft of software
through the illegal copying of genuine
programs or the counterfeiting and
distribution of products intended to pass for
the original.
• Cyber-bullying :Cyber-bullying or stalking
occurs when someone engages in offensive,
menacing or harassing behavior through the
use of technology. It can happen to people at
any age, anytime, and often anonymously.
e.g. posting hurtful messages, images or videos
online, sending abusive texts and emails etc.

6. TYPES OF CYBER CRIME
• Online trading issues: Online trading
issues involve scammers are geting
people who buy, sell or trade online.
There are many types of scams which
aim to rip off unsuspecting shoppers.
e.g. advertise products for sale at cheap
prices, and once purchased the products
never arrive, offer ‘miracle’ cures for
medical conditions where none exist
(especially for weight loss), attract you with
offers for ‘free’ goods by subscribing to
mobile premium services.

7. Law Enforcement Challenges

8. CYBER LAW OF Pakistan
• Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016.
It extends to the whole of Pakistan.
It shall apply to every citizen of Pakistan wherever he may be and also
to every other person for the time being in Pakistan.
It shall also apply to any act committed outside Pakistan by any
person if the act constitutes an offence under this Act and affects a
person, property, information system or data located in Pakistan.
It shall come into force at once.

9. Tips to avoid cybercrime
• Be social media savvy:
Make sure your social networking profiles (e.g. Facebook, Twitter,
YouTube, MSN, etc.) are set to private. Check your security settings. Be
careful what information you post online. Once it is on the Internet, it is
extremely difficult to remove.

10. Tips to avoid cybercrime
• Ignore the unwanted messages or e-mails
• Protect your e-identity (electronic identity)
• Never store your own details on any mobile device (Secure
• mobile devices)
• If in doubt, block
• Ignore pop-ups
• Only shop online on secure sites
• Different site, different passwords (don’t use same key for
• all locks)
• Always make sure that login pages use SSL and that the
• login pages starts with https://