This article aims to show how science and technology are used in cyber warfare as one of the weapons of modern warfare and what to do to use it solely for the good of humanity.
Cyber war netwar and the future of cyberdefense David Sweigert
This document provides an updated definition of "Netwar" based on the original concept introduced in 1993 by Arquilla and Ronfeldt.
1. The document summarizes the original definitions of "Cyberwar" and "Netwar", noting that Cyberwar targets information systems while Netwar targets societal perceptions.
2. It then proposes a new working definition of modern Netwar as intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels, with the goal of facilitating changes in another actor's perceptions for one's own benefit.
3. Netwar does not necessarily involve physical force, illegal data modification, or law violations, but can utilize legal speech, economic actions, and information manipulation to influence perceptions
This document discusses the concepts of cyberwar and netwar as outlined in a 1993 paper by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. It provides an updated definition of netwar as the intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels in order to facilitate changes that benefit the actor. The document examines netwar concepts from Russian and Chinese perspectives, including information-psychological operations, united front theory, and legal warfare. It concludes by suggesting cyber defense organizations may need to adapt to counter modern forms of netwar.
This document discusses the importance of open source intelligence (OSINT) collection and analysis in modern military operations. It notes that OSINT now equals or surpasses classified intelligence sources due to the vast amount of information available online. It describes challenges for militaries in analyzing OSINT, including attitudinal biases against its value. The document also discusses how the Joint Warfare Centre simulates OSINT in its training exercises to provide a realistic scenario for participants.
The document discusses cyber threats facing the US industrial base from sources like rogue states and insider threats. It notes that critical infrastructure remains vulnerable despite administration progress on cybersecurity. Securing cyberspace and protecting industry requires a strategy combining agile national security policies with market incentives to develop technological protections. Any strategy also needs flexible legislation balancing security, privacy, and international agreements establishing cyber norms. With aware citizens, responsible agencies, a skilled workforce, and public-private cooperation, the US can safeguard its industrial base within cyberspace.
In this research paper, I attempt to construct a consistent, malleable conceptualization of the contemporary drone. I draw on a wide variety of academic papers, articles, opinion pieces, and sources - The Intercept, Donna Harraway in the Feminist Studies journal, Pew Research Center etc.
1. China leverages computer network attack and exploitation techniques, harvesting information critical to building a modern nation-state and "informationalized", technical military forces.
2. China adapted ancient stratagems for CNA & CNE operations.
3. China can claim plausible denial for nation-sponsored hacking activities, hiding within the sea of everyday hackers.
4. On the other hand, north Korea must take CNA & CNE operations outside its country's boundaries.
Yono REKSOPRODJO, Fahmy YUSUF - Information Warfare in Cyberspace: The Sprea...REVULN
The rapid development of information and communication technology brings significant change to human life. In the past, people have been getting information through conventional media such as newspapers, radio, and television. Today, the public relies heavily on digital media consisting of social media and online media that are in the grip within the internet network which provides wide-ranging information in speedy manner. The phenomenon of hoaxes in social media is part of the information warfare in the cyberspace dimension. Hoaxes as tactic of choice in propaganda defined as misleading information attacks to various aspects, covering to include health, economy, disaster-events, and politics. People who are lacking in understanding propaganda tactics like how the news and information addressed in the digital media are often fooled by hoaxes that maybe appear as texts, pictures or videos. The spread of hoaxes may get uncontrollable due to the many parties who deliberately spread the hoaxes for a particular interest with anonymous accounts, fake accounts and so-called bots. The transmission of hoaxes as global phenomenon today, affecting many countries. Hoaxes that are spread in cyberspace are difficult to control without solid cooperation between government and society. This means of bad intension today by spreading news used as an asymmetric weapon extensively exercised during any political election period. This paper is about an analysis of hoax cases occurred in the time of Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017 as a case study.
Cyber war netwar and the future of cyberdefense David Sweigert
This document provides an updated definition of "Netwar" based on the original concept introduced in 1993 by Arquilla and Ronfeldt.
1. The document summarizes the original definitions of "Cyberwar" and "Netwar", noting that Cyberwar targets information systems while Netwar targets societal perceptions.
2. It then proposes a new working definition of modern Netwar as intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels, with the goal of facilitating changes in another actor's perceptions for one's own benefit.
3. Netwar does not necessarily involve physical force, illegal data modification, or law violations, but can utilize legal speech, economic actions, and information manipulation to influence perceptions
This document discusses the concepts of cyberwar and netwar as outlined in a 1993 paper by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. It provides an updated definition of netwar as the intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels in order to facilitate changes that benefit the actor. The document examines netwar concepts from Russian and Chinese perspectives, including information-psychological operations, united front theory, and legal warfare. It concludes by suggesting cyber defense organizations may need to adapt to counter modern forms of netwar.
This document discusses the importance of open source intelligence (OSINT) collection and analysis in modern military operations. It notes that OSINT now equals or surpasses classified intelligence sources due to the vast amount of information available online. It describes challenges for militaries in analyzing OSINT, including attitudinal biases against its value. The document also discusses how the Joint Warfare Centre simulates OSINT in its training exercises to provide a realistic scenario for participants.
The document discusses cyber threats facing the US industrial base from sources like rogue states and insider threats. It notes that critical infrastructure remains vulnerable despite administration progress on cybersecurity. Securing cyberspace and protecting industry requires a strategy combining agile national security policies with market incentives to develop technological protections. Any strategy also needs flexible legislation balancing security, privacy, and international agreements establishing cyber norms. With aware citizens, responsible agencies, a skilled workforce, and public-private cooperation, the US can safeguard its industrial base within cyberspace.
In this research paper, I attempt to construct a consistent, malleable conceptualization of the contemporary drone. I draw on a wide variety of academic papers, articles, opinion pieces, and sources - The Intercept, Donna Harraway in the Feminist Studies journal, Pew Research Center etc.
1. China leverages computer network attack and exploitation techniques, harvesting information critical to building a modern nation-state and "informationalized", technical military forces.
2. China adapted ancient stratagems for CNA & CNE operations.
3. China can claim plausible denial for nation-sponsored hacking activities, hiding within the sea of everyday hackers.
4. On the other hand, north Korea must take CNA & CNE operations outside its country's boundaries.
Yono REKSOPRODJO, Fahmy YUSUF - Information Warfare in Cyberspace: The Sprea...REVULN
The rapid development of information and communication technology brings significant change to human life. In the past, people have been getting information through conventional media such as newspapers, radio, and television. Today, the public relies heavily on digital media consisting of social media and online media that are in the grip within the internet network which provides wide-ranging information in speedy manner. The phenomenon of hoaxes in social media is part of the information warfare in the cyberspace dimension. Hoaxes as tactic of choice in propaganda defined as misleading information attacks to various aspects, covering to include health, economy, disaster-events, and politics. People who are lacking in understanding propaganda tactics like how the news and information addressed in the digital media are often fooled by hoaxes that maybe appear as texts, pictures or videos. The spread of hoaxes may get uncontrollable due to the many parties who deliberately spread the hoaxes for a particular interest with anonymous accounts, fake accounts and so-called bots. The transmission of hoaxes as global phenomenon today, affecting many countries. Hoaxes that are spread in cyberspace are difficult to control without solid cooperation between government and society. This means of bad intension today by spreading news used as an asymmetric weapon extensively exercised during any political election period. This paper is about an analysis of hoax cases occurred in the time of Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017 as a case study.
This document summarizes an article about deterring information warfare. It defines information warfare as actions taken to preserve one's own information systems while exploiting an adversary's systems. It describes several types of information warfare, including attacks on command and control, electronic warfare, and cyberwarfare. It identifies the primary threat as an adversary's ability to alter, replace, or delete information in systems or influence information processes. Advanced information technologies are required to disrupt systems through information warfare, representing a threat to all nations. Confidence building measures from the nuclear era, like deterrence and non-proliferation, may provide initial concepts for addressing this new threat.
Foreign military studies office publications human network attacksClifford Stone
The document discusses China's approach to human network attacks (HNA). It notes that China focuses considerable attention on nontraditional targets like the human mind. China studies historical stratagems and applies concepts like "not fighting" and "absolute flexibility" to information warfare. The document also examines China's interest in psychological warfare and "knowledge warfare," which involves comprehending interactions between systems to gain an advantage.
The document discusses the growing threat of information warfare and the challenges the US faces in addressing this threat. It summarizes a military simulation called "The Day After" where teams have to respond to hypothetical cyber attacks. It notes the US is highly vulnerable due to its reliance on computer networks but that there is no clear strategy for addressing this threat, as it challenges traditional notions of warfare. It also discusses various government agencies' approaches but notes coordination and defining the scope of the problem remain difficult.
A lot has happened since the last Cyberwar presentation was posted. This Update2010 includes Iranian cyberwar, South Korea and US Gov attacks, Twitter outage, and the China Google attacks
Steven Greer - CE5-CSETI - 19. Collection of Dr. Greer's Papers about Disclos...Exopolitics Hungary
This document contains position papers by Dr. Steven Greer on disclosure and secrecy regarding extraterrestrial intelligence. It discusses the implications of UFO/ETI disinformation for national and international security policy makers. Some key points made include:
- Sophisticated disinformation techniques like inducing false experiences could influence policy decisions in a harmful way.
- Most reported abductions and cattle mutilations are likely the result of disinformation campaigns rather than actual ET activity.
- Technologies exist that could simulate false extraterrestrial threats to influence policy or unite humanity against a "common alien threat."
- The biggest threats to national security are not from any hostile ETs, but from the current covert management of the UFO
This document is a dissertation submitted by Thomas Morris in partial fulfillment of a BA in English at Manchester Metropolitan University. The dissertation examines the use of propaganda in Britain during World War I and World War II. It includes an introduction outlining the topic and chapters covering the morality of censorship, political aspects of propaganda, methods and enforcement, atrocity propaganda, morale in Britain, impacts and outcomes. The introduction notes that propaganda employed censorship to generate public concern and support for the war effort, while censorship raises moral issues by restricting information. The first chapter discusses definitions of censorship and debates its moral justification, concluding that censorship may have been deemed necessary to protect the public, though largely seen as immoral.
Anticipatory Surveillance and the New Military UrbanismStephen Graham
This document discusses the convergence of policing, intelligence, and military power through anticipatory surveillance and the new military urbanism. It argues that the distinction between internal security and external military action has blurred, as securocratic wars are fought through permanent states of exception against undefined enemies both within and across borders. This has led to the militarization of policing and the "policization" of the military through ubiquitous surveillance networks that track and target anomalies across scales from the nano to the planetary. The ultimate goal is predictive battlespace awareness through preemptive surveillance of populations and flows to identify threats and locate targets across three interlocking spheres - the homeland, global circulations, and urban warfare shaped by domestic paradigms
Research in Information Security and Information Warfare- The economics, warf...Quinnipiac University
These days, Information Security and Information Warfare are now looked upon as a very important and vital concept among various military organizations. Since the revolution of this concept in military science is viewed as a major reformation regarding the technology utilized; military leaders believe that this technology and more specifically, the information: gives an advantage in military training, strategy, tactics, and organization, leaving no reason to believe otherwise on how technology impacts a nation‟s army. In this research paper, we will examine a deeper understanding of Information Security and Information Warfare; the economics, warfare, features, policies, and even some common technical aspects on why Information Security is so vital to one, to an organization, to a nation.
Influencing Terrorists and Their Support Base Through Information Operations ...Vic Artiga
This document discusses how terrorists like al Qaeda and the US Army have used information operations and media against each other. It analyzes case studies in Iraq and Afghanistan to examine how effective their operations have been. While the US Army excels at conventional warfare, it has struggled with information operations against asymmetric threats. The document recommends that the Army improve its use of information operations offensively, through better media engagement, cultural understanding, and intelligence integration to counter terrorist propaganda and influence their support networks.
This document discusses the responsibilities of states and media in times of global terrorism. It outlines that states must provide security and democratic freedoms for media workers, and share information responsibly during crises. The media is responsible for ensuring accurate, unbiased reporting and avoiding manipulation, while operating within legal limits. Terrorists use media to spread messages, recruit, and share intelligence tactics. Both states and media have roles to balance security, democracy and pluralism in the face of global terrorism.
ASFWS 2012 - Cybercrime to Information Warfare & “Cyberwar”: a hacker’s persp...Cyber Security Alliance
This presentation will analyze the Information Warfare scenarios, technical and legal backgrounds, highlighting as well the importance of the terminologies and bringing to the audience real-life examples and known incidents. The last part of the talk will focus on two theorical case studies and on one, very special, theorical case study.
WAR ON IRAQ IN THE LIGHT OF DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORYEce Dincaslan
The document discusses the US-led war in Iraq beginning in 2003 and how it relates to democratic peace theory. It provides background on democratic peace theory and how the US justified the Iraq war using this framework. However, the document also notes that the war in Iraq can be seen as scientifically questionable in relation to democratic peace theory. It discusses opponents who argue the war was not truly motivated by weapons of mass destruction or democracy promotion, but instead by other factors like oil.
Liberalist approach to the Iraq War and the War on Terrorabbeyfieldpolitics
1) The document discusses the liberal view of the Iraq War in 2003 from three perspectives: humanitarian intervention, spreading democracy in the Middle East, and liberalism and benign empire.
2) While some liberals supported the war on humanitarian grounds to remove Saddam Hussein's tyrannical regime, most organizations like Human Rights Watch did not consider Iraq an exceptional case that justified unilateral humanitarian intervention.
3) Another justification was that invading Iraq could spread democracy in the Middle East, but some argue this view had an imperial logic.
4) The US portrayed itself as heading a liberal empire that was relatively benign by establishing democratic systems and then withdrawing control, though its occupation of Iraq was still traditionally imperial. De
The document discusses counterintelligence (CI) and some of the challenges involved. It notes that CI aims to protect a country's intelligence operations from hostile penetration. While CI should permeate all aspects of intelligence, it is often seen as just a security issue. The document also discusses different types of CI (collection, defensive, offensive). It highlights problems that can arise in assessing CI operations, such as covert penetrations being difficult to detect and tendencies to trust one's own people. Problems in uncovering spies like Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen are examined.
In Indonesia, an army crackdown in West
Papua province, where at least two journalists
were killed (???), five kidnapped (???) and 18 assaulted in 2011, was the main reason for the country’s fall to 146th position in the index. A corrupt judiciary that is too easily influenced by politicians and pressure groups and government attempts to control the media and Internet have prevented the development of a freer press.
The document discusses terrorist organizations' use of the internet to spread propaganda and communicate with supporters. It finds that 18 terrorist organizations from around the world maintained websites in 1998 and 2002, containing information about their histories, leaders, political goals and news. The sites generally avoid detailing violent activities, instead focusing on criticizing enemies and presenting their goals. The analysis suggests terrorist groups see the internet as an ideal arena for communication due to its decentralized, anonymous and accessible nature.
1. Cyberwarfare involves using computers to attack other networks or computers through electronic means, often disguising the attacker, to support military operations and enhance national security.
2. Cyber terrorism uses cyber attacks to disrupt critical infrastructure like financial and air traffic control systems to intimidate or coerce governments, similar to physical terrorist attacks.
3. The document discusses examples of cyber attacks like Stuxnet and Ghostnet, and analyzes Nigeria's preparedness for cyber threats given increasing cyber crime and the potential for terrorist groups to conduct cyber attacks.
The document discusses Russia's views and development of information warfare and cyber capabilities. It outlines that in the 1980s, the Soviet Union recognized the importance of reconnaissance, surveillance, command and control systems as decisive factors in modern warfare. Over time, Russia developed sophisticated information operations and cyber warfare doctrines and capabilities aimed at influencing events and behaviors in target countries through both overt and covert means. The document uses the 2008 Russia-Georgia war as a case study, noting Russia conducted extensive cyber attacks against Georgian networks and infrastructure prior to and during the military invasion, illustrating how cyber and military operations can be combined for strategic advantage in warfare.
This document discusses the concepts of cyberwar and netwar as outlined in a 1993 paper by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. It provides an updated definition of netwar as the intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels in order to facilitate changes that benefit the actor. The document examines netwar concepts from Russian and Chinese perspectives, including information-psychological operations, united front theory, and legal warfare. It concludes by suggesting cyber defense organizations may need to adapt to counter modern forms of netwar.
Challenges from the Cyber Domain: Cyber Security and Human RightsAdam David Brown
This paper explores the key tensions between human rights and state-implemented cyber security. It examines three key tensions, attribution versus anonymity, international norms and cyber war.
This document discusses how Sun Tzu's classic work The Art of War can provide a framework for understanding cyber warfare, though it is not a perfect fit. It summarizes key concepts from The Art of War related to strategic thinking, cultivating success on defense, and gaining foreknowledge of adversaries. While cyber warfare is an unconventional threat, nations should still make strategic preparations and investments in network security to prevent being caught off guard by attacks.
This document summarizes an article about deterring information warfare. It defines information warfare as actions taken to preserve one's own information systems while exploiting an adversary's systems. It describes several types of information warfare, including attacks on command and control, electronic warfare, and cyberwarfare. It identifies the primary threat as an adversary's ability to alter, replace, or delete information in systems or influence information processes. Advanced information technologies are required to disrupt systems through information warfare, representing a threat to all nations. Confidence building measures from the nuclear era, like deterrence and non-proliferation, may provide initial concepts for addressing this new threat.
Foreign military studies office publications human network attacksClifford Stone
The document discusses China's approach to human network attacks (HNA). It notes that China focuses considerable attention on nontraditional targets like the human mind. China studies historical stratagems and applies concepts like "not fighting" and "absolute flexibility" to information warfare. The document also examines China's interest in psychological warfare and "knowledge warfare," which involves comprehending interactions between systems to gain an advantage.
The document discusses the growing threat of information warfare and the challenges the US faces in addressing this threat. It summarizes a military simulation called "The Day After" where teams have to respond to hypothetical cyber attacks. It notes the US is highly vulnerable due to its reliance on computer networks but that there is no clear strategy for addressing this threat, as it challenges traditional notions of warfare. It also discusses various government agencies' approaches but notes coordination and defining the scope of the problem remain difficult.
A lot has happened since the last Cyberwar presentation was posted. This Update2010 includes Iranian cyberwar, South Korea and US Gov attacks, Twitter outage, and the China Google attacks
Steven Greer - CE5-CSETI - 19. Collection of Dr. Greer's Papers about Disclos...Exopolitics Hungary
This document contains position papers by Dr. Steven Greer on disclosure and secrecy regarding extraterrestrial intelligence. It discusses the implications of UFO/ETI disinformation for national and international security policy makers. Some key points made include:
- Sophisticated disinformation techniques like inducing false experiences could influence policy decisions in a harmful way.
- Most reported abductions and cattle mutilations are likely the result of disinformation campaigns rather than actual ET activity.
- Technologies exist that could simulate false extraterrestrial threats to influence policy or unite humanity against a "common alien threat."
- The biggest threats to national security are not from any hostile ETs, but from the current covert management of the UFO
This document is a dissertation submitted by Thomas Morris in partial fulfillment of a BA in English at Manchester Metropolitan University. The dissertation examines the use of propaganda in Britain during World War I and World War II. It includes an introduction outlining the topic and chapters covering the morality of censorship, political aspects of propaganda, methods and enforcement, atrocity propaganda, morale in Britain, impacts and outcomes. The introduction notes that propaganda employed censorship to generate public concern and support for the war effort, while censorship raises moral issues by restricting information. The first chapter discusses definitions of censorship and debates its moral justification, concluding that censorship may have been deemed necessary to protect the public, though largely seen as immoral.
Anticipatory Surveillance and the New Military UrbanismStephen Graham
This document discusses the convergence of policing, intelligence, and military power through anticipatory surveillance and the new military urbanism. It argues that the distinction between internal security and external military action has blurred, as securocratic wars are fought through permanent states of exception against undefined enemies both within and across borders. This has led to the militarization of policing and the "policization" of the military through ubiquitous surveillance networks that track and target anomalies across scales from the nano to the planetary. The ultimate goal is predictive battlespace awareness through preemptive surveillance of populations and flows to identify threats and locate targets across three interlocking spheres - the homeland, global circulations, and urban warfare shaped by domestic paradigms
Research in Information Security and Information Warfare- The economics, warf...Quinnipiac University
These days, Information Security and Information Warfare are now looked upon as a very important and vital concept among various military organizations. Since the revolution of this concept in military science is viewed as a major reformation regarding the technology utilized; military leaders believe that this technology and more specifically, the information: gives an advantage in military training, strategy, tactics, and organization, leaving no reason to believe otherwise on how technology impacts a nation‟s army. In this research paper, we will examine a deeper understanding of Information Security and Information Warfare; the economics, warfare, features, policies, and even some common technical aspects on why Information Security is so vital to one, to an organization, to a nation.
Influencing Terrorists and Their Support Base Through Information Operations ...Vic Artiga
This document discusses how terrorists like al Qaeda and the US Army have used information operations and media against each other. It analyzes case studies in Iraq and Afghanistan to examine how effective their operations have been. While the US Army excels at conventional warfare, it has struggled with information operations against asymmetric threats. The document recommends that the Army improve its use of information operations offensively, through better media engagement, cultural understanding, and intelligence integration to counter terrorist propaganda and influence their support networks.
This document discusses the responsibilities of states and media in times of global terrorism. It outlines that states must provide security and democratic freedoms for media workers, and share information responsibly during crises. The media is responsible for ensuring accurate, unbiased reporting and avoiding manipulation, while operating within legal limits. Terrorists use media to spread messages, recruit, and share intelligence tactics. Both states and media have roles to balance security, democracy and pluralism in the face of global terrorism.
ASFWS 2012 - Cybercrime to Information Warfare & “Cyberwar”: a hacker’s persp...Cyber Security Alliance
This presentation will analyze the Information Warfare scenarios, technical and legal backgrounds, highlighting as well the importance of the terminologies and bringing to the audience real-life examples and known incidents. The last part of the talk will focus on two theorical case studies and on one, very special, theorical case study.
WAR ON IRAQ IN THE LIGHT OF DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORYEce Dincaslan
The document discusses the US-led war in Iraq beginning in 2003 and how it relates to democratic peace theory. It provides background on democratic peace theory and how the US justified the Iraq war using this framework. However, the document also notes that the war in Iraq can be seen as scientifically questionable in relation to democratic peace theory. It discusses opponents who argue the war was not truly motivated by weapons of mass destruction or democracy promotion, but instead by other factors like oil.
Liberalist approach to the Iraq War and the War on Terrorabbeyfieldpolitics
1) The document discusses the liberal view of the Iraq War in 2003 from three perspectives: humanitarian intervention, spreading democracy in the Middle East, and liberalism and benign empire.
2) While some liberals supported the war on humanitarian grounds to remove Saddam Hussein's tyrannical regime, most organizations like Human Rights Watch did not consider Iraq an exceptional case that justified unilateral humanitarian intervention.
3) Another justification was that invading Iraq could spread democracy in the Middle East, but some argue this view had an imperial logic.
4) The US portrayed itself as heading a liberal empire that was relatively benign by establishing democratic systems and then withdrawing control, though its occupation of Iraq was still traditionally imperial. De
The document discusses counterintelligence (CI) and some of the challenges involved. It notes that CI aims to protect a country's intelligence operations from hostile penetration. While CI should permeate all aspects of intelligence, it is often seen as just a security issue. The document also discusses different types of CI (collection, defensive, offensive). It highlights problems that can arise in assessing CI operations, such as covert penetrations being difficult to detect and tendencies to trust one's own people. Problems in uncovering spies like Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen are examined.
In Indonesia, an army crackdown in West
Papua province, where at least two journalists
were killed (???), five kidnapped (???) and 18 assaulted in 2011, was the main reason for the country’s fall to 146th position in the index. A corrupt judiciary that is too easily influenced by politicians and pressure groups and government attempts to control the media and Internet have prevented the development of a freer press.
The document discusses terrorist organizations' use of the internet to spread propaganda and communicate with supporters. It finds that 18 terrorist organizations from around the world maintained websites in 1998 and 2002, containing information about their histories, leaders, political goals and news. The sites generally avoid detailing violent activities, instead focusing on criticizing enemies and presenting their goals. The analysis suggests terrorist groups see the internet as an ideal arena for communication due to its decentralized, anonymous and accessible nature.
1. Cyberwarfare involves using computers to attack other networks or computers through electronic means, often disguising the attacker, to support military operations and enhance national security.
2. Cyber terrorism uses cyber attacks to disrupt critical infrastructure like financial and air traffic control systems to intimidate or coerce governments, similar to physical terrorist attacks.
3. The document discusses examples of cyber attacks like Stuxnet and Ghostnet, and analyzes Nigeria's preparedness for cyber threats given increasing cyber crime and the potential for terrorist groups to conduct cyber attacks.
The document discusses Russia's views and development of information warfare and cyber capabilities. It outlines that in the 1980s, the Soviet Union recognized the importance of reconnaissance, surveillance, command and control systems as decisive factors in modern warfare. Over time, Russia developed sophisticated information operations and cyber warfare doctrines and capabilities aimed at influencing events and behaviors in target countries through both overt and covert means. The document uses the 2008 Russia-Georgia war as a case study, noting Russia conducted extensive cyber attacks against Georgian networks and infrastructure prior to and during the military invasion, illustrating how cyber and military operations can be combined for strategic advantage in warfare.
This document discusses the concepts of cyberwar and netwar as outlined in a 1993 paper by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. It provides an updated definition of netwar as the intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels in order to facilitate changes that benefit the actor. The document examines netwar concepts from Russian and Chinese perspectives, including information-psychological operations, united front theory, and legal warfare. It concludes by suggesting cyber defense organizations may need to adapt to counter modern forms of netwar.
Challenges from the Cyber Domain: Cyber Security and Human RightsAdam David Brown
This paper explores the key tensions between human rights and state-implemented cyber security. It examines three key tensions, attribution versus anonymity, international norms and cyber war.
This document discusses how Sun Tzu's classic work The Art of War can provide a framework for understanding cyber warfare, though it is not a perfect fit. It summarizes key concepts from The Art of War related to strategic thinking, cultivating success on defense, and gaining foreknowledge of adversaries. While cyber warfare is an unconventional threat, nations should still make strategic preparations and investments in network security to prevent being caught off guard by attacks.
This seminar discusses cyberterrorism, defined as disruptive or threatening activities against computers and networks to cause harm or further social, political, or ideological objectives. It provides an overview of the topic, including background information on the development of public interest in cyberterrorism since the late 1980s. The document outlines forms of cyberterrorism like privacy violations, secret information theft, demolishing e-governance systems, and distributed denial of service attacks. It also examines who may carry out cyberterrorism and why, as well as its potential impacts.
The document discusses the threat of cyberwar and the lack of established definitions and international agreements regarding cyber conflict. There are differing definitions of cyberwar between countries like China/Russia and the US. The document also notes the difficulty of attribution in cyber attacks and challenges in applying existing laws of war to the digital domain. Overall, the document argues that internationally agreed rules and standards are needed to address the growing threats in cyberspace and avoid escalating conflicts between nations.
Cyber warfare is becoming an increasingly common method for nations to engage in conflict without direct military confrontation. As technology advances faster than international laws and regulations, cyber attacks present a new threat landscape. Nations are investing heavily in growing their cyber warfare capabilities due to concerns about vulnerabilities and a desire to gain strategic advantages over rivals. However, this cyber arms race risks escalating conflicts and reducing overall digital security.
Witnessing the series of attacks, debates and laws on cyber terrorisms or attacks viz- a-viz application of self-defense doctrine has become a hot button issue in global arena. Self defense per se an magnetic subjects which fascinates lawmaker and international bodies to play their active role. But as the emanation of a new threat of Cyber attacks and bit of new technologies, the issue of security has reached to its zenith. International laws, domestic laws, regulations, treaties etc. turn out to be vague and handicap to tackle this concept of cyber terrorism.
The psychological effects of cyber terrorismMichael L. Gross.docxoreo10
The psychological effects of cyber terrorism
Michael L. Gross , Daphna Canetti and Dana R. Vashdi
ABSTRACT
When ordinary citizens think of cyber threats, most are probably worried about their passwords
and banking details, not a terrorist attack. The thought of a shooting in a mall or a bombing at an
airport is probably more frightening than a cyber breach. Yet terrorists aim for mental as well as
physical destruction, and our research has found that, depending on who the attackers and the
victims are, the psychological effects of cyber threats can rival those of traditional terrorism.
KEYWORDS
Cyber security; cyber
terrorism
Cyber aggression has become a daily fact of life in the
21st century, yet for most people it’s still only a reality
in the form of cyber crime – hackers targeting financial
information or other personal details. Politically moti-
vated attacks might threaten them as well, but they
tend to be the concern of governments and corpora-
tions rather than ordinary citizens. The thought of a
terrorist shooting in a mall or bombing in an airport
probably seems far more frightening to the average
person than Russian hackers disrupting government
networks in Estonia or Anonymous breaking into the
police department of Ferguson, Missouri. Cyber terror-
ists, after all, have yet to actually kill or injure anyone.
Yet our research has found this perception of cyber
aggression might not be entirely accurate. The aim of
terrorism, after all, is not just physical destruction, and
depending on who the attackers and the victims are,
the psychological effects of cyber terrorism can be just
as powerful as the real thing.
Defining cyber terrorism
People face cyber aggression on an almost daily basis.
Hackers appropriate, erase, or ransom data, defraud
bank customers, steal identities, or plant malevolent
viruses. In many cases, hackers are criminals out for
pecuniary gain. But sometimes their motives are poli-
tical. Some are “hacktivists,” or cyber activist groups,
like Anonymous, others are terror groups like Hamas
or Islamic State, and still others are agents of national
states like Iran, North Korea, or Russia. They are not
usually after money but pursue a political agenda to
foment for social change, gain political concessions, or
cripple an enemy. Sometimes their means are peaceful,
but other times they are vicious and violent. The lines
often blur. Anonymous will hack the Ferguson police
department just as it will initiate an “electronic
Holocaust” against Israel in support of the Palestinian
cause (Rogers 2014). Islamic activists will use the
Internet not only to recruit members and raise funds
for social welfare projects but also to steal money for
terrorist activities or disseminate information to stoke
fear and demoralize a civilian population. States will
pursue online espionage but also wreak havoc by crash-
ing multiple systems – as did the Russians, allegedly, in
Estonia in 2007, with mass denial-of-service attacks on
gove ...
This document discusses key terms related to information security and their interpretations in English, Chinese, and Russian. While English terms like "information space", "cyberspace", "information warfare", and "cyber warfare" focus on the technological aspects, their Chinese and Russian equivalents place more emphasis on the human/mental dimensions. Specifically, Russia and China see the mind and information systems as essential components of information security, unlike the US which separates cybersecurity from the human element. This highlights fundamental differences in how these countries approach and understand information security.
The paper delves into the shifting dynamics of international relations in the age of Drone warfare. Through this paper, I explore the complex and morally ambiguous terrain of Drone Warfare in the era of globalisation as the boundaries between nationalism and terrorism are perpetually blurring, striking concerns with the questions of military regulation and ethics surrounding the battlefield and the delegation of AI in decision making during warfare. This paper throws light on the moral dilemma of the operators sitting miles away from the conflict zone, detached from war’s immediate consequence and also centres around accountability and the implication of abdication of human agency within international law.
CYBERWAR: THE NEXT THREAT TO NATIONAL SECURITYTalwant Singh
Cyber is a real threat and we can not keep our eyes shut to the same. Most of the countries surrounding us are involved in cyberwar covertly and we need to take steps to counter the same at the earliest.
This document discusses cyberterrorism and the challenges around defining it. It provides definitions of cyberterrorism from different sources, which vary in their descriptions of the perpetrator, motive, target, and intent. Specifically, the definitions differ most in their characterizations of the perpetrator and intent. The lack of a clear, agreed-upon definition has made it difficult to establish governance and laws around cyberterrorism. Having a shared understanding of what cyberterrorism is would help address this growing threat in a more coordinated way.
Danger of Surveillance in Context of the Novel "1984".pptxDrashtiJoshi21
The document discusses surveillance and its portrayal in George Orwell's novel "1984". It covers several key topics:
- Orwell depicted pervasive surveillance in the novel, both overt surveillance where people know they are being watched and self-censor, as well as covert surveillance.
- Technologies mentioned in the novel include telescreens, helicopters, and weapons, but their description is brief and not the main focus.
- Parallels are drawn between the surveillance in the novel and modern surveillance capabilities and issues, such as mass data collection by governments.
Terrorist cyber attacks pose a significant threat to national institutions and have the potential to cause greater devastation than cybercrimes targeting individuals. As technology advances rapidly, organizations must constantly upgrade their security systems to defend against evolving cyber threats from terrorist groups. A successful terrorist cyber attack could put people at risk by allowing sensitive information to fall into the wrong hands, disrupting critical resources, or manipulating data to cause harm. Key targets include energy, transportation, banking, and communication networks. Nations must remain vigilant against these threats through strong cyber defenses and active countermeasures.
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que o povo brasileiro vive o inferno representado pelas catástrofes políticas, econômicas, sociais e ambientais que estão conduzindo o País a um desastre humanitário sem precedentes em sua história de gigantescas proporções. A catástrofe política no Brasil poderá ocorrer com o fim do processo democrático resultante da escalada do fascismo na sociedade pela ação do presidente Jair Bolsonaro que busca colocar em prática sua proposta de governo tipicamente fascista baseada no culto explícito da ordem, na violência de Estado, em práticas autoritárias de governo, no desprezo social por grupos vulneráveis e fragilizados e no anticomunismo. Soma-se à catástrofe política, a catástrofe econômica caracterizada pela estagnação da economia brasileira que amarga uma recessão em 2020 agravada pela pandemia do novo coronavirus porque o PIB caiu 4,1% em relação ao de 2019, a menor taxa da série histórica, iniciada em 1996, bem como com a taxa de desemprego em patamar recorde de 14,8 milhões de pessoas em busca de emprego no País. A catástrofe social se manifesta no fato de o governo Bolsonaro nada fazer para reduzir as taxas de desemprego reativando a economia, atuar em prejuízo dos interesses dos trabalhadores promovendo medidas contra os direitos sociais da população e contribuir para o número elevado de infectados e mortos pelo coronavirus no Brasil ao sabotar o combate ao vírus. Finalmente, a catástrofe ambiental se manifesta no fato de o governo Bolsonaro contribuir para a inação de órgãos governamentais responsáveis pela fiscalização contra as agressões ao meio ambiente, abrir caminho para atividades de mineração, agricultura, pecuária e madeireira na Floresta Amazônica e afastar o Brasil do Acordo do Clima de Paris.
Cet article vise à démontrer que le peuple brésilien vit l'enfer représenté par les catastrophes politiques, économiques, sociales et environnementales qui conduisent le pays à une catastrophe humanitaire sans précédent dans son histoire aux proportions gigantesques. La catastrophe politique au Brésil pourrait survenir avec la fin du processus démocratique résultant de l'escalade du fascisme dans la société par l'action du président Jair Bolsonaro, qui cherche à mettre en pratique sa proposition de gouvernement typiquement fasciste. fondée sur le culte explicite de l'ordre, la violence d'État, les pratiques gouvernementales autoritaires, le mépris social pour les groupes vulnérables et fragiles et l'anticommunisme. Outre la catastrophe politique, la catastrophe économique caractérisée par la stagnation de l'économie brésilienne après une récession en 2020, aggravée par la nouvelle pandémie de coronavirus, car le PIB a baissé de 4,1% par rapport à 2019, le taux le plus bas du série historique, commencée en 1996, ainsi qu'avec le taux de chômage à un niveau record de 14,8 millions de personnes à la recherche d'un emploi dans le pays.La catastrophe sociale se manifeste par le fait que le gouvernement Bolsonaro ne fait rien pour réduire les taux de chômage en réactivant la économique, agissant au détriment des intérêts des travailleurs, promouvant des mesures contre les droits sociaux de la population et contribuant au nombre élevé de personnes infectées et tuées par le coronavirus au Brésil en sabotant la lutte contre le virus. Enfin, la catastrophe environnementale se manifeste par le fait que le gouvernement Bolsonaro contribue à l'inaction des agences gouvernementales chargées de surveiller les agressions contre l'environnement, ouvrant la voie aux activités minières, agricoles, d'élevage et d'exploitation forestière dans la forêt amazonienne et retirant le Brésil de l'Accord de Paris sur le climat.
Cet article a pour objectif de présenter et d'analyser le rapport du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC), agence liée à l'ONU, rendu public le 9 août 2021 à travers lequel il montre l'ensemble des connaissances acquises depuis la publication de son précédent rapport en 2014 sur le climat de la planète Terre. 234 auteurs de 66 pays ont examiné plus de 14 000 études scientifiques et leur travail a été reçu avec plus de 78 000 commentaires et observations de chercheurs et d'experts qui travaillant pour les 195 gouvernements auxquels ce travail est destiné. Ce rapport révèle une connaissance approfondie du climat passé, présent et futur de la Terre. Le résumé de ce rapport est à lire dans l'article Selon le GIEC, le changement climatique est irréversible, mais peut encore être corrigé disponible sur le site <https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/nature-environnement/climat/selon-le-giec-le-changement-climatique-s-accelere-est-irreversible-mais-peut-etre-corrige_156431>. Alors que peut-on faire pour éviter cette catastrophe climatique ? La solution est de réduire de moitié les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre d'ici 2030 et de zéro émission nette d'ici le milieu de ce siècle pour arrêter et éventuellement inverser la hausse des températures. La réduction à zéro des émissions nettes consiste à réduire autant que possible les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en utilisant les technologies propres et les énergies renouvelables, ainsi que comme capter et stocker le carbone, ou l'absorber en plantant des arbres. Très probablement, le monde ne réussira pas à empêcher d'autres changements climatiques en raison de l'absence d'un système de gouvernance mondiale capable d'empêcher l'augmentation du réchauffement climatique et le changement climatique catastrophique résultant de l'impuissance de l'ONU.
AQUECIMENTO GLOBAL, MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA GLOBAL E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE A SAÚDE HU...Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os impactos do aquecimento global e da consequente mudança climática sobre a saúde humana e as soluções que permitam evitar suas maléficas consequências contra a humanidade. Para alcançar este objetivo, é necessário promover uma transformação profunda da sociedade atual que tem sido extremamente destruidora das condições de vida do planeta. Diante disso, é imprescindível que seja edificada uma sociedade sustentável substituindo o atual modelo econômico dominante em todo o mundo por outro que leve em conta o homem integrado com o meio ambiente, com a natureza, ou seja, o modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável. Foi analisado o Acordo de Paris com base na COP 21 organizada pela ONU através do qual 195 países e a União Europeia definiram como a humanidade lutará contra o aquecimento global nas próximas décadas, bem como foi analisada literatura relacionada com o aquecimento global e a mudança climática para extrair as conclusões que apontam como substituir o modelo de desenvolvimento atual pelo modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável.
GLOBAL WARMING, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTHFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to present the impacts of global warming and the consequent global climate change on human health and the solutions to avoid its harmful consequences against humanity. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to promote a profound transformation of current society, which has been extremely destructive of the planet's living conditions. Therefore, it is essential to build a sustainable society, replacing the current dominant economic model throughout the world with one that takes into account man integrated with the environment, with nature, that is, the model of sustainable development. The Paris Agreement was analyzed based on the COP 21 organized by the UN through which 195 countries and the European Union defined how humanity will fight global warming in the coming decades, as well as was analyzed literature related to global warming and climate change to extract the conclusions that point out how to replace the current development model with the sustainable development model.
LE RÉCHAUFFEMENT CLIMATIQUE, LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE MONDIAL ET SES IMPACTS ...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article a pour objectif de présenter les impacts du réchauffement climatique et du changement climatique qui en découle sur la santé humaine et les solutions pour éviter ses conséquences néfastes contre l'humanité. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est nécessaire de promouvoir une transformation profonde de la société d'aujourd'hui qui a été extrêmement destructrice des conditions de vie sur la planète. Il est donc essentiel de construire une société durable, en remplaçant le modèle économique actuel dominant à travers le monde par un autre qui prenne en compte l'homme intégré à l'environnement, à la nature, c'est-à-dire le modèle de développement durable. L'Accord de Paris a été analysé sur la base de la COP 21 organisée par l'ONU à travers laquelle 195 pays et l'Union européenne ont défini comment l'humanité luttera contre le réchauffement climatique dans les prochaines décennies, ainsi que a été analysée la littérature liée au réchauffement climatique et au changement climatique pour extraire les conclusions qui indiquent comment remplacer le modèle de développement actuel par le modèle de développement durable.
Cet article a trois objectifs : 1) démontrer qu'il y a un changement drastique du climat de la Terre grâce au réchauffement climatique, qui contribue à la survenue d'inondations dans les villes aux effets de plus en plus catastrophiques ; 2) proposer des mesures pour lutter contre le changement climatique mondial ; et 3) proposer des mesures pour préparer les villes à faire face à des événements météorologiques extrêmes. Récemment, des inondations se sont produites qui exposent la vulnérabilité des villes d'Europe et de Chine aux conditions météorologiques les plus extrêmes. Après les inondations qui ont fait des morts en Allemagne, en Belgique et en Chine, le message a été renforcé que des changements importants sont nécessaires pour préparer les villes à faire face à des événements similaires à l'avenir. Les gouvernements doivent admettre que les infrastructures qu'ils ont construites dans le passé pour les villes, même à une époque plus récente, sont vulnérables à ces phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes. Pour faire face aux inondations qui deviendront de plus en plus fréquentes, les gouvernements doivent agir simultanément dans trois directions : la première est de lutter contre le changement climatique mondial ; le second est de préparer les villes à faire face à des événements météorologiques extrêmes et le troisième est de mettre en œuvre une société durable aux niveaux national et mondial.
This article has three objectives: 1) to demonstrate that there is a drastic change in the Earth's climate thanks to global warming, which is contributing to the occurrence of floods in cities that are increasingly catastrophic in their effects; 2) propose measures to combat global climate change; and 3) propose measures to prepare cities to face extreme weather events. Recently, floods have occurred that expose the vulnerability of cities in Europe and China to the most extreme weather. After the floods that killed people in Germany, Belgium and China, the message was reinforced that significant changes are needed to prepare cities to face similar events in the future. Governments need to admit that the infrastructure they built in the past for cities, even in more recent times, is vulnerable to these extreme weather events. To deal with the floods that will become more and more frequent, governments need to act simultaneously in three directions: the first is to combat global climate change; the second is to prepare cities to face extreme weather events and the third is to implement a sustainable society at the national and global levels.
Este artigo tem três objetivos: 1) demonstrar que está havendo uma mudança drástica no clima da Terra graças ao aquecimento global que está contribuindo para a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades que se repetem de forma cada vez mais catastrófica em seus efeitos; 2) propor medidas para combater a mudança climática global; e, 3) propor medidas visando preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos climáticos extremos. Recentemente, ocorreram enchentes que expõem a vulnerabilidade das cidades da Europa e da China ao clima mais extremo. Depois das enchentes que mataram pessoas na Alemanha, Bélgica e China foi reforçada a mensagem de que são necessárias mudanças significativas para preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos similares no futuro. Os governos precisam admitir que a infraestrutura que construíram no passado para as cidades, mesmo em tempos mais recentes, é vulnerável a esses eventos de clima extremo. Para lidar com as inundações que serão cada vez mais frequentes, os governos precisam agir simultaneamente em três direções: a primeira consiste em combater a mudança climática global; a segunda consiste em preparar as cidades para enfrentar eventos extremos no clima e a terceira consiste em implantar uma sociedade sustentável nas esferas nacional e global.
CIVILIZAÇÃO OU BARBÁRIE SÃO AS ESCOLHAS DO POVO BRASILEIRO NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2022 Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que as eleições de 2022 são decisivas para o futuro do Brasil porque que o povo brasileiro terá que decidir entre os valores da civilização e da democracia ou os da barbárie e do fascismo defendidos pelos candidatos à Presidência da República. É preciso observar que a Civilização é considerada o estágio mais avançado que uma sociedade humana pode alcançar do ponto de vista político, econômico, social, cultural, científico e tecnológico. O contrário de civilização é a Barbárie que é a condição daquilo que é selvagem, cruel, desumano e grosseiro, ou seja, quem ou o que é tido como bárbaro que atenta contra o progresso político, econômico, social, cultural, científico e tecnológico. A barbárie sempre se caracterizou ao longo da história da humanidade por grupos que usam a força e a crueldade para alcançar seus objetivos.
CIVILISATION OU BARBARIE SONT LES CHOIX DU PEUPLE BRÉSILIEN AUX ÉLECTIONS DE ...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à démontrer que les élections de 2022 sont décisives pour l'avenir du Brésil car le peuple brésilien devra trancher entre les valeurs de civilisation et de démocratie ou celles de barbarie et de fascisme défendues par les candidats à la Présidence de la République. Il convient de noter que la civilisation est considérée comme le stade le plus avancé qu'une société humaine puisse atteindre d'un point de vue politique, économique, social, culturel, scientifique et technologique. Le contraire de la civilisation est la barbarie, qui est la condition de ce qui est sauvage, cruel, inhumain et grossier, c'est-à-dire qui ou ce qui est considéré comme barbare qui attaque le progrès politique, économique, social, culturel, scientifique et technologique. La barbarie a toujours été caractérisée tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité par des groupes qui utilisent la force et la cruauté pour atteindre leurs objectifs.
CIVILIZATION OR BARBARISM ARE THE CHOICES OF THE BRAZILIAN PEOPLE IN THE 2022...Fernando Alcoforado
This article aims to demonstrate that the 2022 elections are decisive for the future of Brazil because the Brazilian people will have to decide between the values of civilization and democracy or those of barbarism and fascism defended by candidates for the Presidency of the Republic. It should be noted that Civilization is considered the most advanced stage that a human society can reach from a political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological point of view. The opposite of civilization is Barbarism, which is the condition of what is savage, cruel, inhuman and coarse, that is, who or what is considered barbaric that attacks political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological progress. Barbarism has always been characterized throughout human history by groups that use force and cruelty to achieve their goals.
COMO EVITAR A PREVISÃO DE STEPHEN HAWKING DE QUE A HUMANIDADE SÓ TEM MAIS 100...Fernando Alcoforado
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o que foi dito pelo falecido cientista Stephen Hawking que afirmou em 2018 que a espécie humana poderia ser levada à extinção em 100 anos e que, devido a isto, forçaria os seres humanos a saírem da Terra, bem como demonstrar que as ameaças de extinção da espécie humana citadas por Hawking podem ser enfrentadas sem que haja a necessidade de fuga de seres humanos da Terra.
COMMENT ÉVITER LA PRÉVISION DE STEPHEN HAWKING QUE L'HUMANITÉ N'A QUE 100 ANS...Fernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à présenter ce qu'a dit le regretté scientifique Stephen Hawking qui a déclaré en 2018 que l'espèce humaine pourrait être amenée à l'extinction dans 100 ans et que, de ce fait, il forcerait les êtres humains à quitter la Terre, ainsi que démontrer que les menaces d'extinction de l'espèce humaine citées par Hawking peuvent être affrontées sans que les êtres humains aient besoin de s'échapper de la Terre.
Today the French Revolution is commemorated, which was a dividing mark in the history of humanity, starting the contemporary age. It was such an important event that its ideals influenced many movements around the world.
On commémore aujourd'hui la Révolution française, qui a marqué l'histoire de l'humanité en commençant l'ère contemporaine. C'était un événement si important que ses idéaux ont influencé de nombreux mouvements à travers le monde.
Hoje é comemorada a Revolução Francesa que foi um marco divisório da história da humanidade dando início à idade contemporânea. Foi um acontecimento tão importante que seus ideais influenciaram vários movimentos ao redor do mundo.
O TARIFAÇO DE ENERGIA É SINAL DE INCOMPETÊNCIA DO GOVERNO FEDERAL NO PLANEJAM...Fernando Alcoforado
O documento discute a incompetência do governo federal brasileiro no planejamento do setor elétrico nacional que levou à crise energética atual. A estiagem histórica reduziu a produção de hidrelétricas, forçando o uso de termelétricas mais caras e aumentos nas tarifas de energia. O governo sabia dos riscos da estiagem mas não tomou medidas preventivas, ameaçando racionamentos.
LES RÉVOLUTIONS SOCIALES, LEURS FACTEURS DÉCLENCHEURS ET LE BRÉSIL ACTUELFernando Alcoforado
Cet article vise à analyser les facteurs déclencheurs des révolutions sociales qui se sont produites tout au long de l'histoire de l'humanité et à évaluer la possibilité de leur occurrence dans le Brésil contemporain.
SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS, THEIR TRIGGERS FACTORS AND CURRENT BRAZILFernando Alcoforado
This article aims to analyze the triggering factors of social revolutions that have occurred throughout human history and assess the possibility of their occurrence in contemporary Brazil.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's TipsScyllaDB
ScyllaDB monitoring provides a lot of useful information. But sometimes it’s not easy to find the root of the problem if something is wrong or even estimate the remaining capacity by the load on the cluster. This talk shares our team's practical tips on: 1) How to find the root of the problem by metrics if ScyllaDB is slow 2) How to interpret the load and plan capacity for the future 3) Compaction strategies and how to choose the right one 4) Important metrics which aren’t available in the default monitoring setup.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
AI in the Workplace Reskilling, Upskilling, and Future Work.pptxSunil Jagani
Discover how AI is transforming the workplace and learn strategies for reskilling and upskilling employees to stay ahead. This comprehensive guide covers the impact of AI on jobs, essential skills for the future, and successful case studies from industry leaders. Embrace AI-driven changes, foster continuous learning, and build a future-ready workforce.
Read More - https://bit.ly/3VKly70
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
ScyllaDB is making a major architecture shift. We’re moving from vNode replication to tablets – fragments of tables that are distributed independently, enabling dynamic data distribution and extreme elasticity. In this keynote, ScyllaDB co-founder and CTO Avi Kivity explains the reason for this shift, provides a look at the implementation and roadmap, and shares how this shift benefits ScyllaDB users.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
QA or the Highway - Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend appl...zjhamm304
These are the slides for the presentation, "Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend applications" that was presented at QA or the Highway 2024 in Columbus, OH by Zachary Hamm.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
1. 1
CYBER WAR AS A MODERN WAR WEAPON
Fernando Alcoforado*
This article aims to show how science and technology are used in cyber warfare as one
of the weapons of modern warfare and what to do to use it solely for the good of
humanity. Cyber warfare relies on information technology and, in modern times, also on
the advances provided by artificial intelligence. Cybernetics is an interdisciplinary
science based on scientific research. Cybernetics as a scientific field began during
World War II with Norbert Wiener as a forerunner working on computer programming
and control mechanisms for anti-aircraft artillery.
Wiener's aim with cybernetics was to develop research to create an artificial system
capable of performing hitherto essentially human functions, such as performing
complex calculation patterns, predict the future and trajectory of an aircraft. At this
time, Wiener became interested in the principle of feedback and control, which consists
of the use of detectors that act as sensory organs and collect information on the
performance of functions expected for a given equipment.
Cyber warfare basically consists of the use of digital attacks for espionage or sabotage
purposes against a country's strategic or tactical structures. Espionage aims to steal
tactical and strategic information such as troop movement data, the strengths and
weaknesses of the country's war system and any other valuable information on
resources needed for war. In sabotage, it can range from a simple action like taking
down the servers of a government site to something extremely harmful like launching a
nuclear warhead. Sabotage comes down to "doing something" as opposed to espionage,
which comes down to "figuring something out".
In cyber warfare, state-backed hackers, whether members of a country's military forces
or financed by such a country, attack computers and networks of opposing countries
that affect resources needed for the war. They do it just like any other computer or
system, that is, they study the system deeply, discover its flaws, and use those flaws to
control or destroy that system.
Hackers can use confidential information intended for others (espionage) to gain the
lead in the battle against their opponent. Hackers can find out the speed of a missile and
build another missile or a plane that can overtake it. Hackers can find out where the
enemy is moving your troops and plan an ambush. Hackers can find out which scientists
are important in the creation of these weapons, or which politician was indispensable in
raising funds for such a war system and attack them directly using, for example, drones.
When the country has control of these systems, it is also possible to sabotage people and
structures. By discovering how troops are communicating, the country gains access to
the network so that it can confuse the enemy and invade their base. It could break into
enemy systems / accounts and cheat them by impersonating one of them. Or the country
could use this information to control them and blackmail people over something found
on your computer or kidnap their families using private information..
Destroying the systems of enemy countries has one obvious result: it destroys what
controls that system, and consequently prevents it from functioning. A common
2. 2
example of cyber-warfare is the use of attacks to disable government websites and
social networks. This tactic was effectively used by the Russians during the South
Ossetian War in 2008, causing chaos and spreading false information to the population
before and during the Russian invasion.
Cyber warfare targets any sector important to the enemy's infrastructure. This means
sectors such as the army, national defense and the war industry. However, these targets
may also be weapons factories,, mining and other factories that assist in the operation of
these factories and the electrical system that supplies power to all of these sectors. In its
scariest version, cyber war may target the most important strategic resource of a country
that is its population. A hacker could make a terrorist attack to destabilize or demotivate
a fighting population. This implies in triggering financial warfare with attacks on the
financial sectors, which would cause economic damage or attacks on communication
systems to disable the telephone network and the internet.
Cyber war makes no distinction between civilian and military targets. Although a
missile causes much greater damage than a virus, a cyber attack can result in civilian
casualties and deaths. If there were an attack on the energy system of any country and
the system was destroyed by a cyber attack it would not only be the weapons factories
that would stop working. Such an attack would also result in traffic accidents,
interrupted surgeries, life-support machine failures when large numbers of people could
die.
It is very difficult to find the author of a cyber-attack or the governments that fund these
attacks. One aspect that makes digital weapons worse than nuclear weapons is finding
out who made the attack. It is very easy to hide the origin of such an attack by masking
the identification of the author of the attacks. Even if the government finds out from
which computer the attack was carried out, it is still difficult to figure out who was the
person behind the screen and it is even more difficult to know whether or not he was a
government agent.
Clausewitz stated that war is an act of violence to impose the will of a belligerent on his
enemy. The Chinese Sun Tzu adds that "the greatest military prowess is to win without
fighting": cunning and manipulation have more advantages than aggression to impose
their will on others. Cyber warfare, defined by using means to control countries or
companies, radically transforms the three historical components of warfare: espionage,
sabotage, and information warfare, along the lines of Sun Tzu.
There is no doubt about the use of cyber capability to gain political, economic and
military advantage. According to news, on the one hand, China, Russia, Iran and North
Korea, and on the other, the United States, Israel, the United Kingdom and France have
increasingly sophisticated means of obtaining information from governments and
businesses to influence the lives of people and destroy your opponents infrastructure
and strategic objectives.
The world has entered a permanent phase of war: no battle front and no rules of
engagement. Cyber warfare resembles insurrectional warfare, with the difference that it
can plan and execute action from a distance, away from the enemy. Using artificial
intelligence algorithms will multiply the impact of actions and create new
vulnerabilities in the opponent. Identification of their authors will be more difficult, by
3. 3
using robots to allow the spread of false information on social networks or to make
available with free access algorithms allowing people to be included in any video and to
put in their mouth whatever they want say it. It is possible that cyber espionage,
sabotage, or influence operations are already being conducted in a completely
autonomous manner, requiring only the green light of someone.
The understanding that 5G technology can be exploited for espionage and sabotage of
infrastructure, communications and financial center facilities has become a new concern
and is at the root of the ban on Huawei's purchase of products for public or private 5G
networks in the United States. The new cold war between the United States and China
has started with trade, but it should move quickly to technology, where China shows to
be ahead of Washington in advancing the latest generation 5G.
Everything just reported makes it abundantly clear that science and technology are at
the service not only of human emancipation but also of war and the destruction of
humanity. In fact science and technology have come to be used for good and evil. The
expectation that science and technology would be used exclusively for the advancement
of humanity has been painfully interrupted by events that have marked today's society,
chief among them undoubtedly the catastrophes of World War I and World War II.
Indeed science has contributed to the barbarism of two world wars with the invention of
powerful and destructive weaponry and continues to contribute to the sophistication of
modern warfare.
In their work A Dialética do Esclarecimento (The Dialectic of Enlightenment) (Zahar
Editora, 1985), Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, philosophers linked to the
Frankfurt School, claim that “affiliates, distant from individuals, capitalism, science and
technology, now merged as one instance, consolidate their supremacy over
contemporary society, determining their course with the same impudence and
impersonality of an invisible hand ”.
Michael Lowy, Franco-Brazilian sociologist and philosopher and director of social
science research at CNRS - French National Center for Scientific Research, states that
modern barbarism or “barbarism generated within so-called civilized societies” is
characterized by the use of technical means. modernization (industrialization of
homicide, mass extermination thanks to cutting-edge scientific technologies), the
impersonality of the massacre (entire populations - men and women, children and the
elderly - are "eliminated" with as little personal contact as possible between decision
makers and the victims), for the bureaucratic, administrative, effective, planned,
"rational" (instrumentally) management of barbaric acts and for the use of modernizing
legitimating ideology: biological, hygienic, scientific [LOWY, Michael. Barbárie e
modernidade no século 20 (Barbarism and modernity in the twenty century). Published
in Brazil by the newspaper "Em Tempo" - emtempo@ax.apc.org and originally in
French in the journal "Critique Communiste" No. 157, hiver 2000].
To make science and technology use for the good of humanity, we must end the wars
that will only occur if there is a Planetary Social Contract that ensures the welfare state
in each country of the world and the restructuring of the UN to mediate international
conflicts and ensure world peace. With world governance through a restructured and
strengthened UN, it will be possible to fight the war and end the bloodshed that has
4. 4
characterized human history throughout history. War monuments must be replaced by
peace monuments from the establishment of a democratic world government.
Fernando Alcoforado, 79, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System,
member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional
Development by the University of Barcelona, university professor and consultant in the areas of
strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is author of the
books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem
Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000),
Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de
Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento
(Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos
Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the
Economic and Social Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável-
Para o progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do
Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social
(Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática
Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas,
Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo
Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua convergência (Associação Baiana de
Imprensa, Salvador, 2018, em co-autoria) and Como inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo (Editora
CRV, Curitiba, 2019).