O documento discute os motivos para não fumar e para começar a fumar. Ele destaca que o tabagismo é considerado uma pandemia pela OMS e mata mais pessoas do que cocaína, heroína, álcool e outras drogas juntos. Fumar traz muitos riscos à saúde como câncer e doenças cardíacas. Parar de fumar melhora a saúde e aumenta a expectativa de vida. Alguns motivos para começar a fumar são pressão social, achar bonito e usar como substituto para doces.
O documento descreve um case de publicidade para uma campanha anti-tabagismo que aborda o lado emocional do tabagismo ao invés dos riscos à saúde. A pesquisa mostrou que fumantes o fazem para lidar com solidão e estresse, então a campanha propõe questionar se fumar é realmente necessário para "sobreviver".
1) O documento discute a história das DSTs desde a mitologia grega até os tempos modernos, incluindo tratamentos e prevenções ao longo dos séculos.
2) Apresenta os fundamentos do aconselhamento, desde Platão até Carl Rogers, focando na relação de confiança entre aconselhador e cliente para promover autoconhecimento e mudança.
3) Discutem-se os desafios do aconselhamento em DSTs/HIV, focando na vulnerabilidade do indivíduo versus o risco biológico.
O documento discute os riscos do tabagismo à saúde, incluindo tabagismo passivo. O tabaco contém nicotina, que é altamente viciante, e alcatrão, que causa câncer. Fumar expõe o usuário a milhares de substâncias tóxicas e é a principal causa de várias doenças, incluindo câncer e doenças cardíacas. O tabagismo também afeta não-fumantes através da fumaça passiva e deve ser combatido por meio de ambientes livres de fumaça.
O documento discute a obesidade, definindo-a como uma doença caracterizada pelo excessivo acúmulo de gordura nos tecidos e como um distúrbio que causa problemas estéticos, psicológicos e de saúde. Aborda as múltiplas causas da obesidade, incluindo fatores genéticos, de estilo de vida, socioeconômicos e psicológicos. Também analisa os impactos da obesidade na saúde individual e pública e os desafios para o tratamento e prevenção da doen
A obesidade é caracterizada por um excesso de gordura corporal resultante de uma ingestão alimentar maior do que a energia gasta. Existem dois tipos principais de obesidade - andróide e ginóide - que se distribuem de forma diferente pelo corpo. A obesidade é causada por uma dieta rica em gorduras e carboidratos combinada com pouca atividade física, levando a um desequilíbrio energético.
O documento descreve várias doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, incluindo sífilis, cancro mole, gonorreia, linfogranuloma venéreo, herpes genital, HPV, tricomoníase, pediculose pubiana e AIDS. Ele fornece detalhes sobre os sintomas e causas de cada doença e enfatiza a prevenção através do uso de camisinha.
O documento discute os motivos para não fumar e para começar a fumar. Ele destaca que o tabagismo é considerado uma pandemia pela OMS e mata mais pessoas do que cocaína, heroína, álcool e outras drogas juntos. Fumar traz muitos riscos à saúde como câncer e doenças cardíacas. Parar de fumar melhora a saúde e aumenta a expectativa de vida. Alguns motivos para começar a fumar são pressão social, achar bonito e usar como substituto para doces.
O documento descreve um case de publicidade para uma campanha anti-tabagismo que aborda o lado emocional do tabagismo ao invés dos riscos à saúde. A pesquisa mostrou que fumantes o fazem para lidar com solidão e estresse, então a campanha propõe questionar se fumar é realmente necessário para "sobreviver".
1) O documento discute a história das DSTs desde a mitologia grega até os tempos modernos, incluindo tratamentos e prevenções ao longo dos séculos.
2) Apresenta os fundamentos do aconselhamento, desde Platão até Carl Rogers, focando na relação de confiança entre aconselhador e cliente para promover autoconhecimento e mudança.
3) Discutem-se os desafios do aconselhamento em DSTs/HIV, focando na vulnerabilidade do indivíduo versus o risco biológico.
O documento discute os riscos do tabagismo à saúde, incluindo tabagismo passivo. O tabaco contém nicotina, que é altamente viciante, e alcatrão, que causa câncer. Fumar expõe o usuário a milhares de substâncias tóxicas e é a principal causa de várias doenças, incluindo câncer e doenças cardíacas. O tabagismo também afeta não-fumantes através da fumaça passiva e deve ser combatido por meio de ambientes livres de fumaça.
O documento discute a obesidade, definindo-a como uma doença caracterizada pelo excessivo acúmulo de gordura nos tecidos e como um distúrbio que causa problemas estéticos, psicológicos e de saúde. Aborda as múltiplas causas da obesidade, incluindo fatores genéticos, de estilo de vida, socioeconômicos e psicológicos. Também analisa os impactos da obesidade na saúde individual e pública e os desafios para o tratamento e prevenção da doen
A obesidade é caracterizada por um excesso de gordura corporal resultante de uma ingestão alimentar maior do que a energia gasta. Existem dois tipos principais de obesidade - andróide e ginóide - que se distribuem de forma diferente pelo corpo. A obesidade é causada por uma dieta rica em gorduras e carboidratos combinada com pouca atividade física, levando a um desequilíbrio energético.
O documento descreve várias doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, incluindo sífilis, cancro mole, gonorreia, linfogranuloma venéreo, herpes genital, HPV, tricomoníase, pediculose pubiana e AIDS. Ele fornece detalhes sobre os sintomas e causas de cada doença e enfatiza a prevenção através do uso de camisinha.
Este documento discute obesidade, incluindo suas causas, tipos, consequências para a saúde e sociedade, e soluções. A obesidade é definida como um excesso de tecido adiposo que prejudica a saúde física e mental. As principais causas são uma dieta rica em gordura e açúcar combinada com estilo de vida sedentário. Existem quatro tipos principais: comportamental, genética, nutricional e psicológica.
O documento descreve várias doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs/ISTs), seus agentes causadores, sintomas e formas de transmissão. As DSTs abordadas incluem herpes, câncer mole, doença de Donovan, linfogranuloma venéreo, sífilis, gonorréia, clamídia, candidíase, tricomoníase, HPV e HIV/AIDS. Imagens ilustram sinais e sintomas de diferentes estágios dessas doenças.
O documento discute as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), incluindo sintomas, formas de transmissão e tratamento. As principais DST abordadas são herpes genital, cancro mole, granuloma inguinal e gonorréia. O documento enfatiza a importância do diagnóstico precoce e do uso de preservativos para prevenção.
O documento discute as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), incluindo seus tipos mais comuns como AIDS, sífilis, gonorréia, cancro mole e herpes. Ele explica os sintomas, formas de transmissão e prevenção dessas DSTs.
O documento discute o conceito de obesidade, suas causas e fatores relacionados. A obesidade ocorre quando a ingestão calórica excede a taxa metabólica basal e gasto energético, levando a um desequilíbrio energético. Fatores genéticos e ambientais, como hábitos alimentares e nível de atividade física, influenciam no desenvolvimento da obesidade. O documento também descreve hormônios e neuropeptídeos envolvidos na regulação do apetite e no controle do peso corporal
O documento discute vários tópicos relacionados à alimentação e saúde, incluindo doenças como anorexia, bulimia, obesidade, desnutrição e diabetes. Ele também aborda a importância de uma alimentação saudável e equilibrada e apresenta a Roda dos Alimentos como guia para escolher os alimentos corretos. A conclusão enfatiza que refeições saudáveis previnem doenças causadas por má alimentação.
O documento discute doenças ocupacionais, definindo-as como variações na saúde causadas por fatores relacionados ao trabalho. As doenças mais comuns incluem distúrbios osteomusculares e doenças respiratórias. O estresse também pode levar a doenças quando não gerenciado corretamente no ambiente de trabalho. Recomendações para prevenção incluem ergonomia, comunicação, treinamento e monitoramento contínuo da saúde dos funcionários.
O documento discute a epidemia da obesidade, definindo-a como um acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal que pode prejudicar a saúde. Aborda as causas da obesidade, incluindo fatores genéticos, ambientais e comportamentais, bem como suas consequências para a saúde. Também discute como medir a obesidade usando o índice de massa corporal e formas de combatê-la através de dieta equilibrada e exercício físico.
Este documento discute as classificações de drogas da Organização Mundial da Saúde e os efeitos do álcool, tabaco e outras drogas. A OMS classifica as drogas em quatro grupos com base no seu grau de perigosidade e capacidade de causar dependência. O documento descreve os efeitos do álcool no corpo e no comportamento e explica que o tabaco pertence ao grupo 4 da OMS e traz riscos à saúde como câncer e doenças cardíacas. Finalmente, detalha os efeitos da heroí
O documento discute Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST) como um problema de saúde pública causado por múltiplos fatores biológicos e sociais. Aborda vários agentes patogênicos e formas de transmissão de DSTs como sífilis, gonorréia e HIV/AIDS. Também fornece informações sobre classificação, sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento das principais DSTs.
O documento descreve a Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC), definindo-a como uma doença caracterizada por limitação do fluxo aéreo não totalmente reversível, geralmente progressiva e associada à inflamação pulmonar. Detalha os principais fatores de risco, sintomas, exames, estágios da doença e tratamentos disponíveis, incluindo durante exacerbações agudas.
O documento discute obesidade, definindo-a como um acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal que traz riscos à saúde. Explora causas como fatores genéticos, estilo de vida e distúrbios psiquiátricos, além de classificar tipos de obesidade. Também aborda complicações de saúde relacionadas à obesidade e formas de tratamento, incluindo balão gástrico e banda gástrica ajustável.
O documento discute os perigos das drogas, álcool e tabaco para a saúde, destacando que eles causam dependência e têm riscos a longo prazo como câncer e doenças cardíacas. Apesar de algumas drogas serem socialmente aceitas, nenhuma justificativa real existe para o uso delas por jovens.
O documento discute obesidade, definindo-a como um excesso de gordura corporal que pode causar problemas de saúde. Aborda os tipos de obesidade, fatores de risco como estilo de vida sedentário, e consequências para a saúde como doenças cardiovasculares. Também fornece estatísticas sobre a alta prevalência de obesidade infantil em Portugal.
Alimentação / Nutrientes e suas funçõesRosa Pereira
O documento discute a importância da alimentação para o corpo humano, destacando que os alimentos fornecem as substâncias necessárias para as funções do organismo, como crescimento, reparação celular e recuperação de doenças. Também descreve as principais funções dos nutrientes como proteínas, hidratos de carbono, lípidos, vitaminas e minerais.
O documento discute o conceito de obesidade como uma doença crônica multifatorial causada por um balanço energético positivo, listando suas principais consequências para a saúde e métodos para medir a gordura corporal. Também aborda estilo de vida, causas, tratamento, epidemiologia e conceitos básicos de metabolismo relacionados à obesidade.
O documento discute doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs), incluindo suas definições, causas, sintomas e métodos de prevenção. Ele fornece detalhes sobre várias DSTs comuns como sífilis, gonorreia, clamídia e HIV/AIDS, além de abordar estatísticas sobre infecções no Brasil e violência contra mulheres na África do Sul. O documento enfatiza a importância do uso de preservativos para prevenir a transmissão de DSTs.
Este documento resume as principais doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs), descrevendo seus sintomas, causas, tratamentos e formas de prevenção. As DSTs discutidas incluem sífilis, gonorreia, clamídia, tricomoníase, herpes, HPV, HIV/AIDS e outras. O documento enfatiza a importância do uso de camisinha e do tratamento correto para evitar a propagação destas doenças.
Aamchii Mumbai Smoke Free Mumbai, Stakeholders, Activities, Evaluation And Ti...smokefree
The document discusses the rationale and plan for implementing a smoke-free policy in Mumbai, India. It summarizes evidence that secondhand smoke causes health issues and that smoke-free policies are effective and do not negatively impact businesses. The implementation plan for Mumbai includes legislative changes, educational campaigns, and workplace interventions to reduce secondhand smoke exposure and support smoking cessation. Studies of smoke-free policies in other areas found improved health and economic outcomes.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke KillsSubmission to the Queensl.docxYASHU40
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Kills
Submission to the Queensland Government on the
Review of Tobacco and Other Smoking Products Act 2001
Bill Smith
For
John Kane
This assignment is approximately 1287 words in length
Contents
Introduction to Queensland Cancer Fund
…3
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
…3
Key Developments
…3
The Silent Killer
…4
Litigation
…4
Existing No Smoking Bans
…5
Benefits of Smoke Free
…6
Conclusion
…6
References
…7
Introduction to the Queensland Cancer Fund.
From a desperate need in the community during the 1960’s to address concerns regarding cancer, the Queensland Cancer Fund (QCF) was born. Forty years on, the QCF is strategising to continue raising funds to combat the dreaded disease and supply sufficient treatment facilities for cancer patients. The organisation remains a ‘not for profit’ firm, although employing a range of professional staff for the services provided. The activities conducted by the QCF are diverse, but structured to allow the organisation to achieve its aims that include advancing cancer research and treatment and to increase community awareness of cancer. Similarly, research into cures for cancer, facilities for patients, cancer help lines and education programs all represent key areas that the QCF are involved in.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
This submission addresses the concerns of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in public places, namely pubs, clubs, casinos and restaurants that causes illness and death to workers and patrons. Research is extensive and supports the long held belief that tobacco smoke is harmful. It is fact that over 4000 chemicals are contained in tobacco smoke including tar, addictive nicotine, carbon monoxide and carcinogens that cause cancer (Jarred, 2001:2 and AHMAC, 2000:3). Passive smoking, as ETS is often referred to, occurs when non-smokers inhale smoke that is either exhaled or emitted by smokers. For the thousands of hospitality workers and patrons exposed to ETS in licensed premises, the proposed review by the Government of the Queensland Tobacco and Other Smoking Products Act 2001 is extremely overdue.
Key Developments
Scientific research first began to appear during the 1970’s linking passive smoking and respiratory diseases but it wasn’t until 1981 that medical research on the effects of passive smoking was first published (Hirayama cited Jarred, 2001:16). Decades later in 1995, the Herron Report recommended that smoking not to be permitted in enclosed places including restaurants and hotels. Further, the report suggested the inclusion of outdoor areas specifically for smokers and that employees not be forced to service these areas (PEHS, 2000: 4). A few years later, the National Tobacco Strategy 1999-2002/3 was endorsed by all State and Commonwealth Health and Police Ministers with the major aim being the reduction of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The Queensland Tobacco Action Plan 2000/01 – 2003/04 emerged soon a ...
This document summarizes evidence from numerous studies that have found smoke-free laws for restaurants and bars do not negatively impact business. The studies examined factors like sales, employment, profits, and found no effect or slightly positive trends after implementation of such laws. The document also notes that public health and many business and restaurant leaders now support smoke-free laws as beneficial for both health and business.
This study examined oral mucosal lesions in 45 former smokers and 45 electronic cigarette consumers. Oral examinations found lesions in 55 total patients, with 36 lesions in electronic cigarette consumers and 19 in former smokers. Nicotine stomatitis, hairy tongue, and hyperplastic candidiasis were significantly more common among electronic cigarette consumers. The study aims to evaluate differences in oral mucosal lesions between the groups but found no statistically significant difference in total prevalence of lesions.
Este documento discute obesidade, incluindo suas causas, tipos, consequências para a saúde e sociedade, e soluções. A obesidade é definida como um excesso de tecido adiposo que prejudica a saúde física e mental. As principais causas são uma dieta rica em gordura e açúcar combinada com estilo de vida sedentário. Existem quatro tipos principais: comportamental, genética, nutricional e psicológica.
O documento descreve várias doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs/ISTs), seus agentes causadores, sintomas e formas de transmissão. As DSTs abordadas incluem herpes, câncer mole, doença de Donovan, linfogranuloma venéreo, sífilis, gonorréia, clamídia, candidíase, tricomoníase, HPV e HIV/AIDS. Imagens ilustram sinais e sintomas de diferentes estágios dessas doenças.
O documento discute as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), incluindo sintomas, formas de transmissão e tratamento. As principais DST abordadas são herpes genital, cancro mole, granuloma inguinal e gonorréia. O documento enfatiza a importância do diagnóstico precoce e do uso de preservativos para prevenção.
O documento discute as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), incluindo seus tipos mais comuns como AIDS, sífilis, gonorréia, cancro mole e herpes. Ele explica os sintomas, formas de transmissão e prevenção dessas DSTs.
O documento discute o conceito de obesidade, suas causas e fatores relacionados. A obesidade ocorre quando a ingestão calórica excede a taxa metabólica basal e gasto energético, levando a um desequilíbrio energético. Fatores genéticos e ambientais, como hábitos alimentares e nível de atividade física, influenciam no desenvolvimento da obesidade. O documento também descreve hormônios e neuropeptídeos envolvidos na regulação do apetite e no controle do peso corporal
O documento discute vários tópicos relacionados à alimentação e saúde, incluindo doenças como anorexia, bulimia, obesidade, desnutrição e diabetes. Ele também aborda a importância de uma alimentação saudável e equilibrada e apresenta a Roda dos Alimentos como guia para escolher os alimentos corretos. A conclusão enfatiza que refeições saudáveis previnem doenças causadas por má alimentação.
O documento discute doenças ocupacionais, definindo-as como variações na saúde causadas por fatores relacionados ao trabalho. As doenças mais comuns incluem distúrbios osteomusculares e doenças respiratórias. O estresse também pode levar a doenças quando não gerenciado corretamente no ambiente de trabalho. Recomendações para prevenção incluem ergonomia, comunicação, treinamento e monitoramento contínuo da saúde dos funcionários.
O documento discute a epidemia da obesidade, definindo-a como um acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal que pode prejudicar a saúde. Aborda as causas da obesidade, incluindo fatores genéticos, ambientais e comportamentais, bem como suas consequências para a saúde. Também discute como medir a obesidade usando o índice de massa corporal e formas de combatê-la através de dieta equilibrada e exercício físico.
Este documento discute as classificações de drogas da Organização Mundial da Saúde e os efeitos do álcool, tabaco e outras drogas. A OMS classifica as drogas em quatro grupos com base no seu grau de perigosidade e capacidade de causar dependência. O documento descreve os efeitos do álcool no corpo e no comportamento e explica que o tabaco pertence ao grupo 4 da OMS e traz riscos à saúde como câncer e doenças cardíacas. Finalmente, detalha os efeitos da heroí
O documento discute Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST) como um problema de saúde pública causado por múltiplos fatores biológicos e sociais. Aborda vários agentes patogênicos e formas de transmissão de DSTs como sífilis, gonorréia e HIV/AIDS. Também fornece informações sobre classificação, sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento das principais DSTs.
O documento descreve a Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC), definindo-a como uma doença caracterizada por limitação do fluxo aéreo não totalmente reversível, geralmente progressiva e associada à inflamação pulmonar. Detalha os principais fatores de risco, sintomas, exames, estágios da doença e tratamentos disponíveis, incluindo durante exacerbações agudas.
O documento discute obesidade, definindo-a como um acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal que traz riscos à saúde. Explora causas como fatores genéticos, estilo de vida e distúrbios psiquiátricos, além de classificar tipos de obesidade. Também aborda complicações de saúde relacionadas à obesidade e formas de tratamento, incluindo balão gástrico e banda gástrica ajustável.
O documento discute os perigos das drogas, álcool e tabaco para a saúde, destacando que eles causam dependência e têm riscos a longo prazo como câncer e doenças cardíacas. Apesar de algumas drogas serem socialmente aceitas, nenhuma justificativa real existe para o uso delas por jovens.
O documento discute obesidade, definindo-a como um excesso de gordura corporal que pode causar problemas de saúde. Aborda os tipos de obesidade, fatores de risco como estilo de vida sedentário, e consequências para a saúde como doenças cardiovasculares. Também fornece estatísticas sobre a alta prevalência de obesidade infantil em Portugal.
Alimentação / Nutrientes e suas funçõesRosa Pereira
O documento discute a importância da alimentação para o corpo humano, destacando que os alimentos fornecem as substâncias necessárias para as funções do organismo, como crescimento, reparação celular e recuperação de doenças. Também descreve as principais funções dos nutrientes como proteínas, hidratos de carbono, lípidos, vitaminas e minerais.
O documento discute o conceito de obesidade como uma doença crônica multifatorial causada por um balanço energético positivo, listando suas principais consequências para a saúde e métodos para medir a gordura corporal. Também aborda estilo de vida, causas, tratamento, epidemiologia e conceitos básicos de metabolismo relacionados à obesidade.
O documento discute doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs), incluindo suas definições, causas, sintomas e métodos de prevenção. Ele fornece detalhes sobre várias DSTs comuns como sífilis, gonorreia, clamídia e HIV/AIDS, além de abordar estatísticas sobre infecções no Brasil e violência contra mulheres na África do Sul. O documento enfatiza a importância do uso de preservativos para prevenir a transmissão de DSTs.
Este documento resume as principais doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DSTs), descrevendo seus sintomas, causas, tratamentos e formas de prevenção. As DSTs discutidas incluem sífilis, gonorreia, clamídia, tricomoníase, herpes, HPV, HIV/AIDS e outras. O documento enfatiza a importância do uso de camisinha e do tratamento correto para evitar a propagação destas doenças.
Aamchii Mumbai Smoke Free Mumbai, Stakeholders, Activities, Evaluation And Ti...smokefree
The document discusses the rationale and plan for implementing a smoke-free policy in Mumbai, India. It summarizes evidence that secondhand smoke causes health issues and that smoke-free policies are effective and do not negatively impact businesses. The implementation plan for Mumbai includes legislative changes, educational campaigns, and workplace interventions to reduce secondhand smoke exposure and support smoking cessation. Studies of smoke-free policies in other areas found improved health and economic outcomes.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke KillsSubmission to the Queensl.docxYASHU40
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Kills
Submission to the Queensland Government on the
Review of Tobacco and Other Smoking Products Act 2001
Bill Smith
For
John Kane
This assignment is approximately 1287 words in length
Contents
Introduction to Queensland Cancer Fund
…3
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
…3
Key Developments
…3
The Silent Killer
…4
Litigation
…4
Existing No Smoking Bans
…5
Benefits of Smoke Free
…6
Conclusion
…6
References
…7
Introduction to the Queensland Cancer Fund.
From a desperate need in the community during the 1960’s to address concerns regarding cancer, the Queensland Cancer Fund (QCF) was born. Forty years on, the QCF is strategising to continue raising funds to combat the dreaded disease and supply sufficient treatment facilities for cancer patients. The organisation remains a ‘not for profit’ firm, although employing a range of professional staff for the services provided. The activities conducted by the QCF are diverse, but structured to allow the organisation to achieve its aims that include advancing cancer research and treatment and to increase community awareness of cancer. Similarly, research into cures for cancer, facilities for patients, cancer help lines and education programs all represent key areas that the QCF are involved in.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
This submission addresses the concerns of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in public places, namely pubs, clubs, casinos and restaurants that causes illness and death to workers and patrons. Research is extensive and supports the long held belief that tobacco smoke is harmful. It is fact that over 4000 chemicals are contained in tobacco smoke including tar, addictive nicotine, carbon monoxide and carcinogens that cause cancer (Jarred, 2001:2 and AHMAC, 2000:3). Passive smoking, as ETS is often referred to, occurs when non-smokers inhale smoke that is either exhaled or emitted by smokers. For the thousands of hospitality workers and patrons exposed to ETS in licensed premises, the proposed review by the Government of the Queensland Tobacco and Other Smoking Products Act 2001 is extremely overdue.
Key Developments
Scientific research first began to appear during the 1970’s linking passive smoking and respiratory diseases but it wasn’t until 1981 that medical research on the effects of passive smoking was first published (Hirayama cited Jarred, 2001:16). Decades later in 1995, the Herron Report recommended that smoking not to be permitted in enclosed places including restaurants and hotels. Further, the report suggested the inclusion of outdoor areas specifically for smokers and that employees not be forced to service these areas (PEHS, 2000: 4). A few years later, the National Tobacco Strategy 1999-2002/3 was endorsed by all State and Commonwealth Health and Police Ministers with the major aim being the reduction of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The Queensland Tobacco Action Plan 2000/01 – 2003/04 emerged soon a ...
This document summarizes evidence from numerous studies that have found smoke-free laws for restaurants and bars do not negatively impact business. The studies examined factors like sales, employment, profits, and found no effect or slightly positive trends after implementation of such laws. The document also notes that public health and many business and restaurant leaders now support smoke-free laws as beneficial for both health and business.
This study examined oral mucosal lesions in 45 former smokers and 45 electronic cigarette consumers. Oral examinations found lesions in 55 total patients, with 36 lesions in electronic cigarette consumers and 19 in former smokers. Nicotine stomatitis, hairy tongue, and hyperplastic candidiasis were significantly more common among electronic cigarette consumers. The study aims to evaluate differences in oral mucosal lesions between the groups but found no statistically significant difference in total prevalence of lesions.
Liu rl et al second hand smoke in restaurants and barsAlexander Li
This study measured levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) in 404 restaurants and bars across 5 cities in China to assess exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS). They found that venues where smoking was observed had significantly higher indoor PM2.5 levels (geometric mean of 208 μg/m3) than venues without smoking (99 μg/m3). Indoor PM2.5 levels were positively correlated with both outdoor PM2.5 levels and the density of active smokers. The results document high levels of SHS in hospitality venues in China and highlight the need for comprehensive smoke-free laws to protect the public, as called for in the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
This study assessed exposure to secondhand smoke among bar and nightclub employees in 24 cities globally. Air nicotine levels were measured in 238 venues for a week, and hair samples were collected from 936 employees to measure nicotine levels. Median air nicotine was 3.5 μg/m3 in smoking venues and 0.2 μg/m3 in smoke-free venues. Median hair nicotine was 6.0 ng/mg in smoking employees and 1.7 ng/mg in non-smoking employees. Higher workplace air nicotine levels were associated with higher hair nicotine levels in both non-smoking and smoking employees, indicating secondhand smoke exposure results in nicotine absorption among employees. Stronger smoke-
Dr. Rajeev Kashyap presented on evaluating the effectiveness of smoke-free policies. He discussed how secondhand smoke exposure has been unequivocally linked to death, disease and disability. Over 160 countries have ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to work towards 100% smoke-free environments in public places and workplaces. Effective measures to protect non-smokers include comprehensive smoke-free laws and policies.
This report discusses tobacco pricing and taxation in the United States. It finds that tobacco taxes have not kept pace with inflation since 1964, making cigarettes more affordable over time. As a result, cigarettes account for a smaller percentage of retail price today compared to 1964. The report examines studies on the price elasticity of tobacco, which suggest that higher taxes can effectively reduce tobacco consumption, though estimates vary. It argues that increasing tobacco taxes is a potent policy tool for tobacco control.
- The document discusses nicotine testing methods and their use in various contexts like insurance, employment, schools, and research. It also covers nicotine metabolism and the differences between nicotine and its metabolite cotinine.
- The Nano-Check Rapid Nicotine Test is described as an immunoassay that detects cotinine in urine at cutoff levels of 200ng/ml or 500ng/ml to determine tobacco use. It provides results in 5-10 minutes and is intended for professional use.
- The test works by detecting cotinine in a urine sample via monoclonal antibodies on a test strip, with positive or negative results depending on whether or not a test line appears within the timeframe.
This study examined biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens in smokers who switched between regular and light cigarettes for short periods. Sixteen smokers smoked their regular cigarettes for one week, then a light cigarette with half the machine-measured nicotine for one week, then back to their regular. Biomarkers were measured weekly and showed high levels of compensation - smokers adjusted their smoking behavior to take in similar levels of carcinogens despite the cigarette change. Compensation occurred through both smoking more cigarettes per day and smoking more intensely. Exposure levels to various carcinogens remained similar, suggesting short-term switching to light cigarettes is unlikely to reduce health risks from smoking.
This document discusses the dangers of second-hand smoke exposure in the Western Pacific region. It notes that a third of the world's smokers are in this region, and that 2 people die every minute from tobacco-related diseases here. The document advocates for stronger policies to protect people from second-hand smoke, such as smoke-free laws in public places and workplaces, which have been shown to reduce tobacco consumption and encourage smoke-free homes. It outlines initiatives by the WHO to support countries in fully implementing the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, especially its protections from second-hand smoke.
Smoking has significant negative effects on periodontal health in several ways:
1) Chemicals in tobacco smoke such as nicotine and tar impair wound healing and increase inflammatory responses in the gingiva.
2) Smokers have higher levels of dental plaque, calculus, and poorer oral hygiene than non-smokers.
3) Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontal disease, with heavy long-term smokers having up to a 20-fold increased risk of destructive periodontitis compared to non-smokers.
The document discusses identifying global tobacco control research priorities related to implementing provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). It describes a process led by the U.S. National Cancer Institute to develop papers on priority research needs for 7 areas of the FCTC, including protection from secondhand smoke, regulating product contents and disclosures, packaging and labeling, taxation and pricing, and eliminating illicit trade. Key research priorities identified include improved exposure assessment of secondhand and thirdhand smoke, determining optimal levels for regulating toxicants in tobacco products, and evaluating the public health impacts of taxation and pricing policies on consumption.
The document discusses evaluating the effectiveness of smoke-free policies. It describes how secondhand smoke exposure has been established to cause disease and death. A key intervention to reduce tobacco's health burden is protecting people from secondhand smoke exposure. The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control aims to create 100% smoke-free environments through legislation. Evaluating policies requires understanding how secondhand smoke is measured through biomarkers, atmospheric markers, and questionnaires.
In the current write up, Supervisor Support has been used as one o.docxbradburgess22840
In the current write up, Supervisor Support has been used as one of the independent variable to explain OCB. But now Supervisor Support is used as mediator to explain OCB. The write up has captured almost everything and need to add few more paragraphs only how two independent variables (Leaders Moderation Orientation and People Orientation) lead to Supervisor Support that lead to OCB. Hence, the following changes are required as mentioned below:
1. Arguments to be developed for supervisor support as mediating variable under introduction, background, problem statement, objectives and research questions with relevant referencing. I have developed the research question and is highlighted in green for your reference in the attached document.
2. Under conceptual framework, it is required to write up the arguments showing the relationship between each independent variables (Leaders Moderation Orientation & People Orientation) with Supervisor Support with relevant referencing. The new diagram is attached and need to follow the diagram while making arguments.
3. Need to make changes in Methodology (chapter 3) as corrected.
I have attached the lists of tables and articles to help for the write up. Whatever corrections are made please highlight with green and no plagiarism
405
The Use and Abuse
of Tobacco
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing the study of this concept, you will be able to:
▶ Identify the most widely used forms of tobacco and the contents of tobacco
products that contribute to negative health outcomes.
▶ Describe the negative health and economic costs of cigarette and cigar smoking
and smokeless tobacco use.
▶ Describe secondhand smoke and identify the negative health consequences of
secondhand smoke exposure.
▶ Understand trends in the prevalence of tobacco use.
▶ Identify important factors contributing to recent reductions in tobacco use in the
United States.
▶ Describe efforts by the tobacco industry to maintain higher rates of smoking.
▶ Identify effective prevention and intervention approaches designed to reduce rates
of tobacco use.
C
o
n
c
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p
t 1
8
Avoiding Destructive Behaviors ▶ Section VII
Tobacco use is the number one
cause of preventable disease and is
associated with the leading causes of
death in our culture.
cor22568_ch18_405-416.indd 405 9/21/12 7:32 PM
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406 Section 7 ▶ Avoiding Destructive Behaviors
Smokeless chewing tobacco is as addictive (and
maybe more so) as smoking and produces the
same kind of withdrawal symptoms. Chewing
tobacco comes in a variety of forms, including loose leaf,
twist, and plug forms. Rather than being smoked, the
dip, chew, or chaw stays in the mouth for several hours,
where it mixes well with saliva and is absorbed into the
bloodstream. Smokeless tobacco contains about seven
times more nicotine than cigarettes, and more of it is
absorbed because of the length .
Reductions in biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to harmful constituents (HPHCs) following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes in adult smokers
The document discusses tobacco taxation in India. It analyzes data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey from 2009-2010 which shows that 34.6% of Indian adults consume tobacco in some form. Tobacco consumption prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. The document estimates the number of smokers of different tobacco products and finds that there are over 274 million tobacco users in India. It analyzes own-price elasticities of tobacco products estimated in previous studies. A 10% price increase resulting from taxes is estimated to decrease bidi consumption more than cigarette consumption based on the relative elasticities of demand. Higher taxes could thus potentially reduce tobacco use and related health impacts while also increasing government revenue.
The document discusses tobacco taxation in India. It analyzes data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey from 2009-2010 which shows that 34.6% of Indian adults consume tobacco in some form. Tobacco consumption prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. The document estimates the number of adults who currently smoke cigarettes, bidis, and use smokeless tobacco. It also provides estimates of own-price elasticities of demand for different tobacco products. Using these elasticities, it analyzes how a 10% increase in tobacco prices resulting from taxation would impact tobacco consumption levels and government revenues.
"An Evaluation of the State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation &...Brandon Kenemer
The State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System is an interactive web-based application and data tool providing up-to-date state-level information related to tobacco use. Indicators in STATE present data related to current and former tobacco use, smoking cessation, funding, tobacco-related health costs, and tobacco control policies. The STATE System also serves as a primary data source for many objectives in Healthy People 2020’s Tobacco Use chapter. Currently, there is no common thread between access to information pertaining to Healthy People 2020 objectives and STATE System data. For this reason, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted of the STATE System’s individual reports and static web-content as it relates to Healthy People 2020 objectives. Implications for research and evaluation are intended to educate the Office on Smoking and Health’s staff & colleagues in the states, networks, and territories on identifiable, cross-promotional opportunities that highlight both state and national data.
Similar to Curso.tabagismo.sopterj.2011.leg.amb.liv.tabaco rj.w leopercio (20)
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
1. XIII Congresso de Pneumologia e Tisiologia do Estado do RJ Hospital COPA D’OR, 8 de Junho de 2011 Curso de Atualização em Tabagismo A Legislação dos Ambientes Livres de Tabaco no RJ: Resultados Observados Dr. Waldir Leopércio E-mail: cdtorax@terra.com.br
2. Tabagismo Passivo Inalação da fumaça de derivados do tabaco, por indivíduos não-fumantes, que convivem com fumantes em ambientes fechados(OMS, 2001). Fumaça que se origina do cigarro aceso + Fumaça expirada pelo fumante
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8. Quanto custou aos cofres públicos do Estado do RJ os cuidados com IAM, AVC e Ca de Pulmão atribuíveis ao tabagismo nos últimos 5 anos? Estudo requisitado pela SEDESC-RJ ao Dr. Alberto José de Araújo, MD Pneumologista, Diretor do NETT-UFRJ “Custo efetividade de intervenções de controle do tabaco no Brasil” (Baseado na Tese de Doutorado do autor)
9. Quanto custou aos cofres públicos do Estado do RJ os cuidados com IAM, AVC e Ca de Pulmão atribuíveis ao tabagismo nos últimos 5 anos? Custo Anual SUS para IAM, AVC e Ca Pulmão - RJ, 2004-2008, em R$100.000,00 R$ 52.651.505,00 / ano R$ 263.257.527,00 / 5 anos
10. AÇÕES DO ESTADO PARA O CONTROLE DO TABAGISMO Capacitação de 3 mil profissionais para implantação de PROGRAMAS DE TRATAMENTO DO TABAGISMO (INCA/MS) Rio de Janeiro é o estado com maior cobertura para tratamento de fumantes 8municípios 2008 81 municípios 2011
19. Issa JS, Abe TM, Pereira AC, Megid MC, Shimabukuro CE, Valentin LS, et al. The effect of Sao Paulo's smoke-free legislation on carbon monoxide concentration in hospitality venues and their workers. Tob Control. 2011 Mar;20(2):156-62.Victora CG, Barreto ML, do Carmo Leal M, Monteiro CA, Schmidt MI, Paim J, et al. Health conditions and health-policy innovations in Brazil: the way forward. Lancet. 2011 May 9.Colgrove J, Bayer R, Bachynski K. Nowhere Left to Hide? The Banishment of Smoking from Public Spaces. May 25, 2011 (10.1056/NEJMp1104637)
20. The effect of smoke-free legislation on carbon monoxide concentration in hospitality venues in Rio de Janeiro city. Heart institute - University of São Paulo1 Rio de Janeiro Secretary of State for Health and Civil Defense2 Jaqueline S. Issa1, Tania M. O. Abe1, Alexandre C. Pereira1, José Waldir Leopércio Jr2, Sandra Helena Costa2, Sabrina Presman2. Background: Recent studies have shown that there is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). A close link between SHS and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke is established as well as the fact that carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important components present in SHS. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the smoking ban law in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, on the CO concentration in restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and similar. Methods: The CO concentration was measured in 146 hospitality venues by using portable CO monitors to measure CO concentration in different types of establishments, and in different points inside these hospitality venues (indoor, semi-open, and open areas). These measurements were performed twice, immediately before implementation of the law and 12 weeks after it. The quality of the air was verified during the same period of time through the analysis of the databank of State Environmental Institute of Rio de Janeiro (INEA). Results: The CO concentration pre- and post-ban in hospitality venues was indoor area 2.60 (1.77) vs 1.12 (1.01) ppm (p<0.0001); semi-open 2.74 (1.21) vs 1.3 (1.22) ppm (p<0.0001); open area 2.61(1.27) vs 1.14(1.09) ppm (p<0.0001). The differences are consistent in all types of venues, except in nightclubs, where the levels of CO were similar in the pre- and post-ban measurements. It can be explained by non accomplishment of the law in these places and the small number of nightclubs visited. Conclusion: Rio de Janeiro’s smoke-free legislation significantly reduced the CO concentration in restaurants, bars, bakery and other hospitality venues. Concerning nightclubs, it is necessary more information to have a conclusive result. Introduction Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is one of the most important causes of death and disease worldwide. Carbon monoxide is one of the most important components of SHS. Therefore, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and its implementation guidelines have clearly indicated that comprehensive smoke-free legislation eliminating tobacco smoking in all indoor public places and workplaces must be implemented to protect all people from the harm effects of secondhand smoke. Based on these, Rio de Janeiro State government approved a smoke-free legislation in 2009, forbidding the consumption of all tobacco products in enclosed and partly closed collective sites. Table 1 – Pre- and pos-ban mean CO level according to venue type and sampled environment. P value was <0,01 for all places, comparing pre- and pos-ban periods, except for night clubs (p value NS). Objective The main goal of this study was to compare levels of secondhand smoke exposure, measured through carbon monoxide concentrations in hospitality venues in Rio de Janeiro City before and after the implementation of the law. Material and Methods A total of 146 hospitality venues in Rio de Janeiro city were visited before and after the tobacco-free policy was implemented. The sites were a sample of convenience. The first phase included the period prior to the implementation of the tobacco-free policy and the second phase was performed approximately 12 weeks after the banning law was introduced. Bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and similar venues were visited by agents from Rio de Janeiro Secretary of State for Health and Civil Defense (Figures 1A and 1B). A specific type of portable CO monitor - ToxCo (Bedfont Scientific; Rochester, England) was utilized. Data collected from venues were compared with data obtained by the State Environmental Institute of Rio de Janeiro (INEA) in 4 automatic stations, covering the same region of our collected data. These data were used to test whether possible reductions in CO could be influenced by other conditions, such as meteorological elements. Figure 2 – Mean CO concentrations in pre- and pos-ban periods according to location within the venue and venue type. Restaurant Night Club Bar Figure 1A – Team of agents from Rio de Janeiro Secretary of State for Health and Civil Defense (SESDEC). Figure 1B – Agent from SESDEC during fiscalization. Figure 1C – Advertisement about smoke-free law Results In the pos-ban period, significant reductions in almost all the studied environments were observed (Table 1). Moreover, the difference between indoor area and open area disappeared in all venue types (restaurants, bars and others), thus suggesting equalization with outdoor levels. The only exception was observed in the night clubs, where no significant reduction in the CO concentration was observed in the pre- and pos-ban measurements (Figures 2 and 3). It can be explained by violation of the law in these places, resulting in penalties application, and also because of the small number of nightclubs visited. The quality of the air in the city during the same period of our study measured by INEA was less than 1 in the pre- and pos-ban periods. Figure 3 – Mean CO concentration in bars, restaurants and night clubs in pre- (1) and pos-ban (2) periods. Blue line – open environments; green line – semi open environments; yellow line – closed environments. Conclusion Disclosure form: JS Issa has consulted for Pfizer and has been the site principal investigator for clinical trials of smoking cessation medications funded by Pfizer. The other authors reported no conflict. The smoking ban law significantly reduced the CO concentration in hospitality venues. Hence, one can speculate that the significant reduction obtained in CO concentrations after the adoption of tobacco smoke free legislation could be related to the reduction in cardiovascular events incidence observed in many places where similar law has already been adopted. 2011 SRNT 17TH ANNUAL MEETING Toronto, Canada
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23. AÇÕES DO ESTADO PARA O CONTROLE DO TABAGISMO co 2.60 ppm 1.12 ppm 12 semanas 56.9%