Curso de-ingles-tecnico-para-quimica (1) (1)

INGLÉS TÉCNICO
PARA QUIMICOS
Curso de Inglés específico para químicos o profesionales (o estudiantes) en el campo de la química
Aprende a :
1. Comunicar utilizando términos técnicos específicos de la materia
2. Entender y redactar artículos científicos
3. Aprende a escribir tu curriculum en inglés, expande tus horizontes
4. Descubre las otras ventajas …

INGLÉS TÉCNICO – English for chemistry El curso de inglés técnico de iquimicas.com
2
Presentación
Este libro está dirigido en particular a estudiantes o profesionales del sector químico en general.
El objetivo de este libro es promover el aprendizaje de modo activo, por lo que proponemos textos técnicos
y científicos para aprender de modo simple y eficaz.
Para un mejor provecho del contenido de este curso se recomienda poseer conocimientos básicos de inglés
general antes de afrontar el inglés técnico especifico.
Objetivos
El objetivo principal es que usted, al final de este curso logre:
1. Leer y comprender textos de carácter técnico o científico que presenten términos, expresiones o
estructuras sintácticas características de las ciencias químicas y ciencias afines.
2. Mejorar la capacidad de producción escrita y de comprensión de textos técnicos de carácter
científico
3. El libro propone diferentes argumentos científicos divididos por capítulos y cuenta con ejercicios.
4. Ampliar el propio vocabulario relativo al mundo de la química en general
5. Escribir el propio currículo vitae en inglés
6. Dominar una valida herramienta para afrontar el mercado laboral cada vez más competitivo.
Estructura del curso:
Introducción: Survival english - Inglés general básico
Laboratory equipment and lab work + Safety in the laboratory
Introducing chemistry: Matter, Branches of chemistry, The periodic table, Chemical reactions.
Chemical Compounds: Nomenclature
Environmental damage
Industrial Chemistry
How to write a resume that generates results
Improving your English

3
Index
Remembering numbers Page 5
Definition of atom Page 6
Atomic number Page 7
Temperature Page 8
Chemistry of colours Page 9
The pH scale Page 10
Tips on studying a foreign language Page 11
What is chemistry? Page 12
Building blocks of matter Page 14
States of matter Page 15 – 16
Lewis structure Page 17
The Periodic Table Page 18 – 19
Chemical Phenomenon Page 20
Chemical Reactions Page 21
Laboratory equipment Page 23 – 28
Words relating to lab work Page 29
Lab Safety Rules Page 30
Laboratory Safety equipment Page 31
Hazard Diagrams Page 32
Chemical Labels Page 33
Lab work Page 35
Traditional naming of inorganic compounds Page 37 – 39
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic compounds Page 40 – 41
List of common ion names Page 42
IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds Page 43 – 45
Organic compounds list containing a few types of organic molecules P. 46
Pollution Page 49
The lexicon of environmental damage Page 50
Sewage treatment Page 51
Basics of piping & Instrumentation Diagrams Page 53
Symbols for process equipment Page 54
Units of measurement Page 55
Writing a resume Page 57
Vocabulary

4
Refreshing your English
Unit 1
target: Refresh your english
1. Remembering Numbers
- The atomic number, Temperature
2. Remembering colors, the pH scale
3. Tips on studying a foreign language
4. Steps to write a summary
Vocabulary:
Atom = Atomo
Structure = Estructura
Protons = Protones
Neutrons = Neutrones
Elements = Elementos
Nucleus = Nucleo
Scales = Escalas
Measurement = Medicion / to measure = medir
To absorb = absorber
Due to = debido a…
Discoveries = descubrimientos
Theoretical = teorico
Chemical phenomena = Fenomeno Quimico
Matter = Materia
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Surrounded = Rodeado
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Takes place = Tener lugar (ocurrir)
To Combine = Combinar
Compound = Compuesto
Reactants = Reactivos
Products = Productos
Mean = Medio
Made of = Hecho/a de/por….
En esta primera unidad podrás encontrar algunas frases escritas en español.
A partir de la unidad 2 se usará principalmente el inglés para que te
familiarices con el idioma más fácilmente.

5
Remembering Numbers
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five
6. Six
7. Seven
8. Eight
9. Nine
10.Ten
11.Eleven
12.Twelve
13.Thirteen
14.Fourteen
15.Fifteen
16.Sixteen
17.Seventeen
18.Eighteen
19.Nineteen
20.Twenty
21.Twenty-one ….etc
30. Thirty
40. Forty
50. Fifty
60. Sixty
70. Seventy
80. Eighty
90. Ninety
100. One hundred (a hundred)
101. One hundred and one…etc
200. Two hundred…etc
1000. One thousand (a thousand)
2001. Two thousand and one
1.000.000 One million
Los números que van desde 21 a 99 se escriben con un guion “-“ entre la decena
y la unidad (example: 21 = twenty-one)
En british english (inglés británico) para los números mayores de 100 se usa and
entre las centenas y el resto del número (example: 210 = two hundred and ten ;
en inglés americano (American english) se dice two hundred ten (sin and)

6
Hundred, thousand, million se escriben sin la s del plural, excepto cuando son
usados como expresiones indefinidas. (example: hundreds of dollars = centenares
de dólares) los números grandes se escriben con comas, no con puntos y los
números con decimales se escriben con puntos no con comas. Los números
decimales después de la coma se leen singularmente (example: 86,512 eighty-six
point five one two) Notar que el point indica que los números que expresaré
después son decimales.
Numeros ordinales
Numero Abreviación En español
First 1st Primero
Second 2nd Segundo
Third 3rd Tercero
Fourth 4th Cuarto
Fifth 5th Quinto
Sixth 6th Sexto
Seventh 7th Séptimo
Eighth 8th Octavo
Nineth 9th Noveno
tenth 10th Décimo
A todos los números se les agrega la terminación –th, menos a los que terminan en 1,
2 o 3 (después del 20), a los que se agrega, -st, -nd, -rd, respectivamente. Example:
Twenty-first (21st), twenty-second (22nd), twenty-third (23rd)
Definition of atom
Do you ever wonder what’s an atom?
All objects surrounding1
us are made of2
matter3
.
Air, water, a brick, even4
you are made of matter!
Matter is anything that has mass. Matter is made
up5
of smaller pieces; atoms.
An atom is the defining structure of an element,
which cannot be broken by any chemical means6
.
An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and
neutrons with electrons circling7
this nucleus.
1
Surrounding = que rodea/rodeando
2
Made of = hecho de/ compuesto por
3
Matter = materia
4
Even = hasta / incluso / aun
5
Made up = sinonimo de “made of”
6
Chemical means = medios quimicos/metodos quimicos
7
Circling = rodeando

7
Atomic Number
The atomic number is the number of protons in an element.
the number of protons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of
electrons.
Prueba tu: Intenta traducir los párrafos anteriores (definition of atom and Atomic
number) al español.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

8
Numbers and temperature
There are many scales1
of temperature: Celsius, Fahrenheit and
Kelvin. The most commonly2
used is Celsius. In U.S.A is mostly3
used
the Fahrenheit scale.
For practical purposes of scientific temperature measurement4
, the
International System of Units (SI) defines a scale and unit for the
thermodynamic temperature: Kelvin, which the unit symbol is K.
Grados (Spanish) = Degrees (English)
Unit conversions
Fahrenheit = Celsius * 9 / 5 + 32
Celsius = (Fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9
Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
Exercise 1 - Try to complete the blanks with: 296,15 - 89,6 – 1.85 - 51,6
32 o
C ________ F
125 F ________ o
C
23 o
C ________ K
275 K ________ o
C
1
Scales = Escalas
2
Commonly = Comunmente
3
Mostly = Mayormente
4
Measurement = Medidas / Mediciones

9
Chemistry of colours
Every day materials we use presents many different colors. But why things have
color? Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation and delivers1
energy in little packets
called photons. All materials absorb photons of some energy, but only substances2
that absorb photons of visible radiations will have color. The color of a transparent
object is due to3
the colors of light that can pass through4
the material. The color of
any colored object comes from the light it doesn’t absorb. The color absorbed
determines the color observed.
Color absorbed Color observed
Red Blue green
Orange Blue
Yellow green Violet
Blue violet Yellow
Remembering the colours
- Exercise 2 - match the color with the correct name
Green
Yellow
Blue
Brown
Red
Pink
Light blue
Violet
White
Black
Orange
Try to do this exercise without looking at the solutions at the end of the next page.
1
Deliver = Llevar
2
Substances = Sustancias
3
Due to = Debido a…
4
Pass through = Atravesar

10
The pH scale
What is Acid? There are three common1
definitions for
acids: the Arrhenius definition, the Brønsted-Lowry definition,
and the Lewis definition. A Lewis acid is a species that
accepts a pair of electrons from another species; in other
words, it is an electron pair acceptor
What is base? A base is a chemical species that donates
electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons.
The pH scale measures2
how acidic or basic a substance is.
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH
less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.
An indicator is usually some weak3
organic acid or base dye4
that changes colors5
at
definite pH values.
One of the oldest and most commonly used forms of pH indicator is the litmus
paper. Litmus paper is paper that has been treated6
with a specific indicator - a
mixture of 10-15 natural dyes obtained from lichens that changes colors at definite pH
values.
Colors in a pH indicator
0 – Red 1 – Orange Red 2 – Dark orange
3 – Orange 4 – Tan 5 – Sun Yellow
6 – Lemon Yellow 7 – Yellow green 8 – Olive drab
9 – Asparagus 10 – Dark sea green 11- Royal blue
12 – Dark slate blue 13 – Ultramarine 14 - Navy blue
1
Common = Comun / General
2
Measures = Mide
3
Weak = Débil
4
Dye = Tinte / Tinta / Tintura
5
Color = In American (USA) English we write “color”, in british English “colour” but the meaning is the
same.
6
Has been treated = Ha sido tratado

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Important! : key for exercise 2 (Chemistry of colors): Page 9
Tips on studying a foreign Language
 Study every day
 Isolate new vocabulary and study it separately
 Avoid word-by-word translation.
 Read many times a new passage trying to guess the meaning of a new
word from context.
 Check word endings
 Memorize irregular verbs
 Practice: read and listen, watch foreign TV, read news in English
 Stay up-to-date, read, listen, speak, as frequently as possible.
Try to write a summary of what you’ve learned in this unit
Steps to write a summary
1. Read the passage twice
2. try to understand the passage
3. Find out exactly what you need to summarize
4. Identify the main idea.
5. Write your first draft. Then edit your first draft.
6. Make a list of the new words you've learned
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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Understanding Chemistry
Unit 2
Target:
1. Introducing chemistry
2. States of Matter
3. Atoms and molecules
4. The periodic table
5. Chemical reactions
Vocabulary:
Atom = Atomo
Structure = Estructura
Protons = Protones
Neutrons = Neutrones
Elements = Elementos
Nucleus = Nucleo
Scales = Escalas
Measurement = Medicion / to measure = medir
To absorb = absorber
Due to = debido a…
Discoveries = descubrimientos
Theoretical = teorico
Chemical phenomena = Fenomeno Quimico
Matter = Materia
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Shape = Forma
Bond = Enlace
Takes place = Tener lugar (ocurrir)
To Combine = Combinar
Products = Productos:

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What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is an experimental science. Chemistry is evidence based. All chemical
statements1
are based on experiment. It shares2
the experimental method of all
sciences. It improves in time also using new discoveries3
and concepts from other
sciences.
In turn, it provides both theoretical and experimental tools to different sciences.
Biology, Geology cannot be studied without a thorough4
understanding of chemical
phenomena.
Chemistry is the study of matter and changes that take place with that matter.
Branches of Chemistry
Find the words that describes the branches of chemistry
I N O R G A N I C R T Q R Y
G A R R Y X C P H I S Y J L
F Y G W E R T Y E J K L O W
W X A P O Z L I M X R E N E
F I N D U S T R I A L X U Y
O R I T Y E W Q S E R T C H
L I C A N A L Y T I C A L H
X C F G G E N E R A L Y E V
N T Y U R F P H Y S I C A L
B I O C H E M I S T R Y R O
Inorganic – organic – industrial – analytical – general – physical – nuclear – chemistry
- biochemistry
Exercise 3 - Fill in the blanks with the words you’ve found.
The branch of chemistry that studies compounds of carbon is ………………………………………
Application of chemistry to manufacturing processes: ……………………………………………
The branch of chemistry that studies compounds excluding those of carbon is
………………………………………………….studies radioactivity, fission and fusion of nuclei
……………………………………………….studies molecules and their transformation
1
Statement = Declaracion / Afirmacion
2
Shares = Comparte
3
Discoveries = Descubrimientos
4
Thorough = Completo / Exhaustivo / Minucioso

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Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies chemical processes in living
things
The determination of the composition of substances are studied in
………………………………..
Application of mathematics and physics to chemistry: Physical chemistry
The building blocks of matter
Picture 1
Matter is everything around us that we can touch, or see, or feel, or smell. Remember
the definition of matter.
Matter: is anything that takes up space or has a mass of any kind.
Exercise 4 - Look at picture 1 (in page 13) and complete the following
sentences.
Matter is composed of different kinds of ……………………structures. These …………………
structures are made up of ………………………
A molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its
chemical composition and properties. A molecule consist of two or more ……………..

15
States of matter
There are three main1
states of matter: solid, liquid and gases. Each of these states is
also known as a phase. The main differences between these states are shape2
and
volume.
Exercise 5 - Read the definition and complete the blanks with the correct
word
_______: Is matter with a rigid shape and fixed volume
_______: Has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape
_______: Has neither fixed volume nor shape. It expands to fill its container
completely.
Exercise 6: Look the next three images and give a title to each one.
Picture 2
Why do atoms bond together?
As we have seen in page 5, an atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons
with electrons circling this nucleus.
You can break down3
the shell4
and orbitals of an atom on several5
levels of detail.
There are the main shells of the atom, and these are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4..etc. Each
shell holds different sub-shells, which are themselves composed of atomic orbitals.
What’s an orbital?
Can we know with certainty both where an electron is and where it's going next?
According to The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, we can't. That makes it impossible
to plot an orbit for an electron around a nucleus.
However, there is a region of space where we can probably find an electron. Such a
region of space is called an orbital. You can think of an orbital as being the region of
space in which the electron lives.
Now we can try to answer the main question: why do atoms bond together?
1
Main = Principal
2
Shape = Forma
3
Break down = Romper / descomponer
4
Shell = Capa
5
Several = Varios

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Atoms are at their most stable when they have no partially-filled electron shells.
If an atom has only a few electrons in a shell, it will tend to lose them to empty the
shell. (These elements are metals).
When an atom has a nearly full electron shell, it will try to find electrons from another
atom so that it can fill its outer shell. (These elements are nonmetals).
So, atoms bond1
together for a very simple reason: atoms “like” to have full valence
shells. Why? To get more stable, like noble gases.
Different kind of bond: Ionic bond and Covalent bond.
When metal atoms bond, a metallic bond occurs.
The bond between two nonmetal atoms is usually a covalent bond.
Where metal and nonmetal atom come together an ionic bond occurs.
Covalent bond
A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of
pairs of electrons between atoms
Ionic bond
An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction
between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds are formed between a cation, which
is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal.
Exercise 7: Answer these questions
What’s a noble gas?
__________________________________________________________________
What’s the main difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
__________________________________________________________________
How can an atom get more stable?
__________________________________________________________________
1
Bond = Enlace

17
Lewis Structure
Lewis structures are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule
and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
How does it work?
1. Just write the symbol of an element, for example oxygen
2. The chemical symbol for the atom is surrounded1
by a number of dots2
corresponding to the number of valence electrons.
Your turn: Exercise 8 – Write the Lewis structure for the following elements:
C – Carbon
Li – Lithium
He – Helium
F – Fluorine
1
2
Dots = puntos

18
The Periodic Table
The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular display of the 118 known
chemical elements organized by selected properties of their atomic structures. The
elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act.
Exercise 9 – Choose 3 different colors to identify metals, metalloids and non-
metals in the following periodic table.
The horizontal rows of the table are called periods. Vertical columns are called
groups.
Elements of the periodic table
H – Hydrogen Li – Lithium Na – Sodium
K – Potassium Rb – Rubidium Cs – Cesium
Fr – Francium Be – Beryllium Mg – Magnesium
Ca – Calcium Sr – Strontium Ba – Barium
Ra – Radium Sc – Scandium Y – Yttrium
Lu –Lutetium Ac – Actinium Lr – Lawrencium
Ti - Titanium Zr – Zirconium Hf – Hafnium
Rf – Rutherfordium V – Vanadium Ta – Tantalum
Db – Dubnium Cr – Chromium Mo – molybdenum
W – Tungsten Sg – Seaborgium Mn – Manganese
Tc – Technetium Re – Rhenium Bh – Bohrium

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Fe – Iron Ru – Ruthenium Os – Osmium
Hs – Hassium Co – Cobalt Rh – Rhodium
Ir – Iridium Mt – Meitnerium Ni – Nickel
Pd – Palladium Pt – Platinum Ds - Darmstadtium
Cu – Copper Ag – Silver Au – Gold
Rg – Roentgenium Zn – Zinc Cd – Cadmium
Hg – Mercury Cn - Copernicium B – Boron
Al – Aluminum Ga – Gallium In – Indium
Tl – Thallium C – Carbon Si – Silicon
Ge – Germanium Sn – Tin Pb – Lead
N – Nitrogen P – Phosphorus As – Arsenic
Sb – Antimony Bi – Bismuth O – Oxygen
S – Sulfur Se – Selenium Te – Tellurium
Po – Polonium F – Fluoride Cl – Chlorine
Br – Bromine I – Iodine At – Astatine
He – Helium Ne – Neon Ar – Argon
Kr – Krypton Xe – Xenon Rn – Radon
La – Lanthanum Ce – Cerium Th – Thorium
Pr - Praseodymium Pa – Protactinium Nd – Neodymium
U – Uranium Pm – Promethium Np – Neptunium
Sm – Samarium Pu – Plutonium Eu – Europium
Am – Americium Gd – Gadolinium Cm – Curium
Tb – Terbium Bk – Berkelium Dy – Dysprosium
Cf – Californium Ho – Holmium Es – Einstenium
Er – Erbium Fm – Fermium Tm – Thulium
Md – Mendelevium Yb – Ytterbium No – Nobelium
Nb – Niobium Uut - Ununtrium Uuq - Ununquadium
Uup - Ununpentium Uuh - Ununhexium Uus – Ununseptium Uuo - Ununoctium

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Chemical phenomenon
A chemical phenomenon is any change in the structure of matter. It happens when a
compound is transformed into another with different properties.
Examples of chemical reactions in everyday life
1. Photosynthesis in plants
2. Digestion in our own bodies
3. Decay of any biological matter (from plants to dead animals).
4. Oxidation of various materials exposed to the atmosphere (For example: Iron
can rust.)
5. Combusting petrol in a car engine
6. Cooking, souring, fermenting or burning
Thus, it won't be wrong to say learning chemistry and chemical reactions start at
home.
Exercise 10 – Write 10 examples of chemical reactions.
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………
3. …………………………………………………………………………………….
4. …………………………………………………………………………………….
5. ……………………………………………………………………………………
6. ……………………………………………………………………………………
7. ……………………………………………………………………………………
8. ……………………………………………………………………………………
9. …………………………………………………………………………………….
10.…………………………………………………………………………………….
This is an example of
chemical phenomenon

21
Chemical reactions
A chemical reaction takes place1
whenever elements combine to form a compound2
.
So, a chemical reaction is a change in which reactants3
form new compounds called
products4
.
Rate5
of reaction:
As you probably know, reactions happens at different speed. Some reactions occurs6
in less than a second while others takes years to happen. The rate of the reaction7
depends on the type of molecules which are combining.
Which things can affect the rate of the reaction?
1. Concentration : more concentration = higher chance that molecules will collide
= reaction is speeded up8
2. Temperature: higher temperature = molecules have more energy and bounce9
much more = more molecules will collide10
to combine = reaction is speeded up
3. Pressure: increasing11
pressure (especially in gases) = molecules concentrate
and collide with each other more often
1
Takes place = ocurre
2
3
4
Products = Productos
5
Rate = Velocidad
6
Occurs = sinonimo de “happens”
7
Rate of the reaction = velocidad de reaccion
8
Speeded up = acelerada
9
Bounce = rebotar / brincar
10
Collide = chocar / encontrarse
11
Increasing = aumentando

22
In the lab
Unit 3
target:
1. Laboratory equipment
2. Safety in the lab
3. Lab work
4. Words relating to lab work
Vocabulary:
Container = Contenedor/Recipiente
Heated = Calentado
Withdraw = Retirar
Grind = Moler
Hold = mantener/sostener/sujetar
Salt bridge = Puente salino
Concern = Referirse
Supplies = suministros
labels = etiquetas
hazard = Peligro/riesgo
Avoid = evitar
Fanning = abanicar/ventilar
spill = vertido/derrame
to rinse = enjuagar
Running water = agua corriente
Discarding = descartando
Dealing = tratar
– deal with = tratar con
statements = declaraciones/afirmaciones

23
Laboratory equipment
Name: Beaker
Use: as container1
. It can be heated2
Made of: glass
Name: Graduated Cylinder
Use: it’s very useful to measure volume.
Made of: glass
Name: Stirring Rod
Use: To stir combinations of materials
Made of: glass
Name: Buret
Use: To withdraw3
and measure volumes of solutions in titration4
Made of: glass
1
Container = contenedor / recipiente
2
Heated = Calentado
3
Withdraw = retirar
4
Titration = Titulacion

24
Name: Mortar and Pestle
Use: to grind1
chemicals to a powder
Made of: heavy porcelain
Name: Volumetric Flask
Use: Used in preparation of solution
Made of: glass
Name: Spatula
Use: ……………………………..
Made of: metal, plastic or porcelain
Name: Erlenmeyer flask / conical flask
Use:…………………………………..
Made of: Glass
Name: Büchner flask, also known as a vacuum2
flask
Use:………………………………………………
Made of:……………………………………………
Name: Wash bottle
Use: to dispense distilled water
Made of: ………………………….
1
Grind = Moler / Pulverizar
2
Vaacum = Vacio

25
Name: Tongs
Use: To pick up and hold apparatus
Made of: Metal
Name: Double buret clamp (with two burets)
use: Hold burets when titrating
Made of: ……………… with flexible clips
Name: Balance
Use: …………………
Name: Volumetric flask
Use: marked off to 500ml capacity
Made of: glass
Name: Florence flask
Use: can be heated
Made of: ……………………..
Name: Bunsen burner
Use: heating device
Made of: metal

26
Name: Test tubes in rack
Use: Hold test tubes
Made of: Plastic or wood
Name: Bottle
Use: …………………………….
Made of: glass
Name: Funnel
Use: ……………........
Made of: glass
Name: Dropper pipet
Use: to transfer small amounts of liquids
Name: Volumetric Pipet
Use: …………………………………….
Made of: glass
Name: Evaporating dish
Use: ……………………….
Made of: Porcelain

27
Name: U tube
Use: Useful as a "salt bridge" when making batteries
Made of: glass
Name: Watch glass
Use:
Made of: glass
Name: Condensers
Use: general purpose condenser that can be used for distillation and
extraction
Made of: glass
Name: Separatory Funnel
Use: to separate liquids with different density
Made of: glass
Name: Test tube
Use:…………………………….
Made of: …………………….
Name: Desiccator or desiccant container
Use: is a chamber that removes water from chemicals or items
Name: Petri dish
Use: used to culture cells, which can be bacteria, animal, plant, or fungus

28
Name: Syringe
Name: Tripod
Use: hold flask to be heaten
Made of: metal
Name: Gloves
Use: Protect your hands
Name: Goggles
Use: to protect your eyes
All the laboratory equipment made of glass are also called laboratory glassware.
Exercise 11 – Group these words under the correct heading
first-aid kit – gloves - Volumetric pipet – burette - safety shower - eye-wash - lab coat
– goggles - Beaker
Safety Equipment
Protective clothing
Glassware
Find the key at the end of the next page

29
Words relating to Lab work
Give the Spanish translation for the next words. These words may come in
handy when describing lab work.
Add = ……………………………………………………………………..
Check = ……………………………………………………………………..
Spread = ……………………………………………………………………..
Splash = ……………………………………………………………………..
Stir = ……………………………………………………………………..
Mix = ……………………………………………………………………..
Melt = ……………………………………………………………………..
Dry = ……………………………………………………………………..
Grow = ……………………………………………………………………..
Titrate = ……………………………………………………………………..
Swab = ……………………………………………………………………..
Weight = ……………………………………………………………………..
Remove = ……………………………………………………………………..
Heat = ……………………………………………………………………..
Sample = ……………………………………………………………………..
Shake = ……………………………………………………………………..
key for exercise 11:
Safety equipment: first-aid kit, safety shower, eye-wash
Protective clothing: lab coat, gloves, goggles
Glassware: beaker, burette, volumetric pipet

30
Lab Safety Rules
Safety must be the first concern1
of everyone working in a laboratory.
1. Know the location and use of all safety equipment in your laboratory. (read more
at the next page)
2. Wear a laboratory coat or apron.
3. Wear gloves when dealing with chemicals.
4. Wear closed-toe and closed-heel shoes
5. Wear protective glasses or goggles for all laboratory work. (Wear glasses instead
of contacts if possible )
6. Tie back loose hair.
7. Keep your work area clean and organized, free from unnecessary supplies2
and
papers.
8. Check chemical 3
labels twice to make sure you have the correct substance. Some
chemical formulas and names differ by only a letter or number.
9. Pay attention to the hazard4
classifications shown on the label.
10.You may be asked to transfer some laboratory chemicals from a common bottle or
jar to your own test tube or beaker. DO NOT return any excess material to its
original container.
11.Never taste laboratory materials.
12.Handle equipment carefully and deliberately
13.When using equipment with electrical cords, place the cord out of the way
14.Avoid5
using chipped6
or broken glassware
15.If you are instructed to smell something, do so by fanning7
some of the vapor
toward your nose. Do not place your nose near the opening of the container.
16.Never look directly down into a test tube; view the contents from the side.
17.In case of a chemical spill8
on your skin or clothing rinse9
the affected area with
plenty of water. If the eyes are affected water-washing must begin immediately
and continue for 10 to 15 minutes or until professional assistance is obtained.
1
Concern = Preocupacion
2
Supplies = Suministros
3
Label = Etiqueta
4
Hazard = Peligro / Riesgo
5
Avoid = Evitar
6
Chipped = Astillado
7
Fanning = Abanicandose
8
Spill = Derrame
9
Rinse = Enjuagar

31
18.Minor skin burns should be placed under cold, running water1
.
19.When discarding2
used chemicals, carefully follow the instructions provided.
20.Wash hands after dealing3
chemicals.
21.Do NOT put lab supplies in your mouth.
22.Before leaving the laboratory, ensure that gas lines and water faucets are shut off.
Laboratory Safety Equipment
(including the safety shower, eye wash, first-aid kit, fire extinguisher, and blanket)
Safety Shower
Use a safety shower in the event of a chemical spill.
How to use:
1. Pull the overhead handle
2. remove clothing that may be contaminated with chemicals
3. Rinse the skin
Fire Blanket
A fire blanket can be used to smother a fire.
How to use:
1. Place the blanket on top, or surrounding a burning object, the job of the
blanket is to cut off the oxygen supply to the fire, thereby putting it out
Eye wash fountain
In the event of an eye injury4
or chemical splash, use the eyewash immediately.
How to use:
1. Run some water through the eyewash fountain before you use it.
2. Retract your eyelid (hold it open);
3. Run fresh water over your eye for several minutes (from 10 to 15 minutes)
Fire extinguisher
There are two main types of fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide or dry chemical
(powder).
How to use:
1. Read the tag to know which you will use. The tag also should show the date the
extinguisher was last serviced
2. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are good, general purpose extinguishers.
3. Dry-chemical (powder) are used for difficult cases, say certain types of
electrical fires.
4. avoid using a dry-chemical extinguisher on a fellow human being.
1
Running water = Agua corriente
2
Discarding = Descartar / desechar
3
Dealing = Tratar
4
Injury = lesion / daño / herida

32
First aid kit: First Aid1
kits are available in the lab for minor injuries like cuts or
scrapes.
Exits from the lab: Make sure that you know how to exit the lab quickly, in the
event of an emergency. You should know two ways to get out.
Hazard diagrams
hazard diagram is widely used to indicate the health, fire,
and reactivity of chemicals. It is important to be familiar
with this diagram and what the number in each section
indicates in regards to the hazard presented by the
chemical to which it is referring
Red is FIRE danger: rated on a 0-4 basis.
0 = will not burn
1 = must be preheated to burn
2 = Ignites when moderately heated
3 = Ignites at normal temperatures
4 = Extremely flamable
Yellow indicates REACTIVITY danger: rated on a 0-4 basis
0 = Normally stable
1 = Unstable if heated: use normal precautions
2 = Violent chemical change possible: use hose streams from distance
3 = Strong shock or heat may detonate: use monitors from behind explosive
resistant barriers
4 = May detonate: vacate area if materials are exposed to fire
Blue represents HEALTH HAZARDS: rated on a 0-4 basis
0 = Like ordinary material
1 = Slightly hazardous
2 = hazardous: use breathing apparatus
3= Extremely dangerous: use full protecting clothing
4 = Too dangerous to enter vapor or liquid
WHITE signifies specific hazards, e.g. oxidizers, acids, bases, or corrosive materials.
1
First Aid = Primeros Auxilios

33
Chemical labels
Chemical manufacturers are required to perform an assessment of the physical and
health hazards of the chemicals they produce. This information must be made
available in two places: the chemical label and the material safety data sheet (MSDS).
Thus, the information found on the original container label and the MSDS may provide
a great deal of information about the identity of the chemical constituents and their
health and physical hazards
Flammable
Explosive
Corrosive
Poison
Environmental hazard
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
•When a chemical is purchased, the supplier will send a MSDS sheet.
•The MSDS sheet lists the known dangers of the chemical in question.
•Make sure you use the right MSDS sheet for the right chemical, as many chemical
names sound similar.
You can find more info on:
http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/MSDS/msds_explanation.htm

34
Exercise 12: Decide whether these statements are true or false
When in the laboratory you should wear sandals
When in the laboratory you should wear closed-toed shoes
If acid gets on your skin or clothes, wash at once with water
You must wear your goggles in the laboratory to improve your vision
Never heat a test tube that is closed
The most important thing in laboratory experiments is safety

35
Lab work
Methods of separating mixtures and purifying substances
Filtration
is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of
solids from fluids
Distillation
Distillation is used to separate two liquids that are miscible (miscible: liquids that
completely mix and don’t form two layers1
)
Decantation
Is the way of separating a liquid from an insoluble solid which has a density greater
than water. The mixture is allowed to stand e.g. in a beaker, until all the solid settles
out to the bottom of the container. Then the liquid is carefully poured off2
to leave the
insoluble solid behind.
Chromatography
is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures.
The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the "mobile phase", which carries3
it through
a structure holding another material called the "stationary phase". The various
constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. The
separation is based on differential partitioning4
between the mobile and stationary
phases. Subtle5
differences in a compound's partition coefficient result in differential
retention on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation.
Exercise 13 – Try to describe others Methods of separating mixtures and
purifying substances
TLC – Thin Layer Chromatography :
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
How can we separate two liquids that do not mix?
1
Layers = Capas
2
Poured off = Vertir Fuera
3
Carries = Lleva
4
Partitioning = Particionamiento
5
Subtle = Sutil

36
Chemical Compounds
Unit 5
target:
1. Nomenclature:
- traditional naming of inorganic compounds
- IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic compounds
- IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
2. List of common ions names
3. Organic compounds list containing a few types of organic
molecules
Vocabulary:
Write below your own vocabulary list.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

37
Traditional naming of inorganic compounds
Compuestos binarios
La primera palabra señala alguna característica general a un grupo grande de
sustancias, por ejemplo: acido, hidróxido, etc. La segunda palabra señala la
característica especial que permite distinguir la especie química:
Metal oxides
1. Oxido de + nombre del metal
2. Oxido metal+ico
In english
To name oxides according to the traditional nomenclature1
you need to learn a little
system of prefixes and suffixes for the oxidation numbers.
If the metal has one oxidation number there isn’t a suffix to use. (some people use –ic
suffix)
If it has two oxidation numbers you have to choose a suffix according the oxidation
number.
With the smaller number you should use –ous, and –ic with the bigger number.
-ous -ic
+2 +3
+1 +2
Be careful: Suffix2
does not depend on the number, but on how many valences3
the
element has.
Writing structure of traditional nomenclature:
ElementName+Suffix Oxide
Manganic Oxide
Ferric Oxide
1
Nomenclature = Nomenclatura
2
Suffix = Sufijo
3
Valences = Valencias

38
Hydroxides
Hydroxides1
has this writing structure:
Metal+OH
You need to use a suffix like in oxide nomenclature (-ic or - -ous)
ElementName+Suffix Hydroxide
Example: Ferric Hydroxide
Acids
Acids are formed when Non-Metal Oxides (also known as anhydrides) react2
with
water
You need to learn a little system of prefixes3
and suffixes (for the oxidation
numbers)
Hyp……..ous -ous -ic Per……..ic
+2 +4 +6
+1 +3 +5 +7
the suffix does not depend on the number but on how many valences the
element has
ElementName + Suffix Acid
Or, when needed:
Prefix + ElementName + Suffix Acid
Examples:
Hypochlorous acid
Chlorous acid
Chloric Acid
Perchloric acid
1
Hydroxides = Hidroxidos
2
React = Reaccionar
3
Prefixes = Prefijos

39
IUPAC and STOCK nomenclature in acids is not used frequently, as it is a bit difficult
and general chemical compound markets in the most part use only the TRADITIONAL
nomenclature.
Salt nomenclature
The name of a salt starts with the name of the cation (e.g. sodium or ammonium)
followed by the name of the anion (e.g. chloride or acetate). Salts are often referred
to only by the name of the cation (e.g. sodium salt or ammonium salt) or by the name
of the anion (e.g. chloride or acetate).

40
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic compounds
You need to learn the following prefixes:
Number Prefixes
1 -mono
2 -di
3 -tri
4 -tetra
5 -penta
6 -hexa
7 -hepta
8 -octa
9 -nona
10 -deca
the writing structure of IUPAC nomenclature is:
Prefix ElementName + Prefix + Hydroxide/oxyde
if the metal has a subscript1
of one, we don’t use MONO, we only use MONO if the
radical OH has 1 as subscript
The name of the electronegative constituent is constructed by modifying the element
name with the ending
‘ide’
Examples:
1. HCl hydrogen chloride
2. NO nitrogen oxide, or nitrogen monooxide, or nitrogen monoxide
3. NO2 nitrogen dioxide
4. N2O4 dinitrogen tetraoxide
5. OCl2 oxygen dichloride
6. O2Cl dioxygen chloride
7. Fe3O4 triiron tetraoxide
8. SiC silicon carbide
1
Subscript = Subindice

41
Naming cations
The name of a monoatomic cation is that of the element with an appropriate charge
number appended1
in parentheses.
Naming anions
The name of a monoatomic anion is the element name (Table I) modified so as to
carry the anion designator ‘ide’, either formed by replacing the ending of the element
name (‘en’,‘ese’, ‘ic’, ‘ine’, ‘ium’, ‘ogen’, ‘on’, ‘orus’, ‘um’, ‘ur’, ‘y’ or ‘ygen’) by ‘ide’ or
by directly adding ‘ide’ as an ending to the element name.
El nombre de un anion monoatomico es el nombre del elemento (ver table 1) modificado en
modo que pueda llevar el sufijo “ide” relativo al anion. Se forma remplazando el final del
nombre del elemento (‘en’,‘ese’, ‘ic’, ‘ine’, ‘ium’, ‘ogen’, ‘on’, ‘orus’, ‘um’, ‘ur’, ‘y’ or ‘ygen’) con
“ide” o directamente agregando “ide” al final del nombre del elemento.
Examples:
1. chlorine, chloride
2. carbon, carbide
3. xenon, xenonide
4. tungsten, tungstide
5. bismuth, bismuthide
The endings in anion names are ‘ide’ (monoatomic or homopolyatomic species,
heteropolyatomic species named from a parent hydride), ‘ate’ (heteropolyatomic
species named additively2
), and ‘ite’ (used in a few names which are still acceptable
but do not derive from current systematic nomenclature)
Some names of monoatomic anions are based on the root of the Latin element names.
In these the ending ‘um’ or ‘ium’ is replaced by ‘ide’.
Examples:
1. silver, argentum, argentide
2. gold, aurum, auride
3. copper, cuprum, cupride
4. iron, ferrum, ferride
5. lead, plumbum, plumbide
6. tin, stannum, stannide
1
Appended = Adjunto / Añadido
2
Additively = Aditivamente

42
List of common ion names
Monatomic anions:
Cl−
chloride
S2−
sulfide
P3−
phosphide
Polyatomic ions:
NH4
+
ammonium
H3O+
hydronium
NO3
−
nitrate
NO2
−
nitrite
ClO−
hypochlorite
ClO2
−
chlorite
ClO3
−
chlorate
ClO4
−
perchlorate
SO3
2−
sulfite
SO4
2−
sulfate
HSO3
−
hydrogen sulfite (or bisulfite)
HCO3
−
hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)
CO3
2−
carbonate
PO4
3−
phosphate
HPO4
2−
hydrogen phosphate
CrO4
2−
chromate
BO3
3−
borate
C2O4
2−
oxalate
CN−
cyanide
SCN−
thiocyanate
MnO4
−
permanganate

43
IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
In order to name organic compounds you must first memorize a few basic names.
These names are listed within the discussion of naming alkanes1
. In general, the base
part of the name reflects the number of carbons in what you have assigned to be the
parent chain. The suffix of the name reflects the type(s) of functional group(s)
present on (or within) the parent chain. Other groups which are attached to the
parent chain are called substituents.
Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
names of the straight chain saturated hydrocarbons for up to a 12 carbon chain
El sufijo –ano utilizado para los alcanos en español corresponde al –ane en inglés.
Name Number of carbons
Methane 1
Ethane 2
Propane 3
Butane 4
Pentane 5
Hexane 6
Heptane 7
Octane 8
Nonane 9
Decane 10
Undecane 11
Dodecane 12
The names of the substituents formed by the removal of one hydrogen from the end
of the chain is obtained by changing the suffix -ane to -yl.
Examples:
Isobutyl
Tert-butyl
Sec-butyl
Isopropyl
A cyclic (ring) hydrocarbon is designated by the prefix cyclo- which appears directly
in front of the base name
Commas are used between numbers and dashes2
are used between letters and
numbers
1
Alkanes = Alcanos
2
Dashes = Guiones (-)

44
Example:
4-ethyl-3,3-dimethylheptane
Alkyl halides
You need to use the prefix
Fluoro-
Chloro-
Bromo-
Iodo-
Example:
2-bromo-3-methylbutane
Alkenes and Alkynes - unsaturated hydrocarbons
Double bonds1
in hydrocarbons are indicated by replacing the suffix -ane with -ene. If
there is more than one double bond, the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that
indicates the number of double bonds present (-adiene, -atriene, etc)
Triple bonds are named in a similar way using the suffix -yne.
Alcohols
Alcohols are named by replacing the suffix -ane with -anol. If there is more than one
hydroxyl group2
(-OH), the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the
number of hydroxyl groups present (-anediol, -anetriol, etc.).
Ethers
The two alkyl groups3
attached to the oxygen are put in alphabetical order with spaces
between the names and they are followed by the word ether. The prefix di- is used if
both alkyl groups are the same.
Example:
Diethylether
1
Double Bond = Enlace Doble
2
Hydroxyl group = Grupo Hidroxilo
3
Alkyl groups = Grupo alquilo

45
Aldehydes
Aldehydes are named by replacing the suffix -ane with –anal
Ketones
Ketones are named by replacing the suffix -ane with -anone. If there is more than
one carbonyl group (C=O), the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the
number of carbonyl groups present (-anedione, -anetrione, etc.).
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids are named by counting the number of carbons in the longest
continuous chain including the carboxyl group and by replacing the suffix -ane of the
corresponding alkane with -anoic acid
Esters
The alkyl group is named like a substituent using the -yl ending. This is followed by a
space. The acyl portion of the name (what is left over) is named by replacing the -ic
acid suffix of the corresponding carboxylic acid with -ate.
Example:
Methylpropanoate
Amines
They are named like ethers, the alkyl (R) groups attached to the nitrogen are put in
alphabetical order with no spaces between the names and these are followed by the
word amine
Example:
ethylmetylamine

46
Organic compounds list containing a few types of organic
molecules
 Alkanes
 Alkenes
 Alkynes
 Alcohols
 Aldehydes
 Ketones
 Carboxylic acids
 Amines
 Amides
 Nitrites
 Nitrates
 Amino acids
 Haloalkanes
 Acyl/acid chlorides
 Cycloalkanes
 Cycloalkenes
 Annulenes
 Sulfides
 Sulfates
 Hydrochlorides
 Esters
 Ethers
 Sugars
 Cyanates
 Isocyanates
 Cyanides
 Cyanohydrins
 Fullerenes
 Phenols
 Phenyls and benzyls
Exercise: Name these compounds
K2O
Fe2O3
Na2O
NaOH
Al(OH)3
CuOH

47
The Environment
Unit 6
target:
1. Environmental damage
2. Sewage treatment
Vocabulary:
Harm = Daño
Adverse effect = Efecto negativo
Fossil Fuels = combustibles fosiles
Sewage = Aguas Residuales
Household sewage = Aguas residuals del hogar
Sludge = lodo/sediment fangoso

48
Pollution
Is the introduction of pollutants1
(contaminants) into a natural environment2
that
causes instability, disorder, harm3
or discomfort4
to the ecosystem5
. Pollution6
can
take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise7
, heat8
or light.
What is acid rain?
Acid rain9
is a precipitation10
having an acid pH value which has an adverse effect11
on
animals and plants on which it falls. Acid rains results from the emission into the
atmosphere of various pollutant gases which originate from the burning of fossil fuels
and from car exhaust fumes.
Exercise: Try to describe what is air pollution and what is the ozone layer.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
1
Pollutants = Contaminantes
2
Environment = Ambiente
3
Harm = Daño
4
Discomfort = Malestar
5
Ecosystem = Ecosistema
6
Pollution = contaminacion
7
Noise = Ruido
8
Heat = Calor
9
Acid Rain = Lluvia Acida
10
Precipitation = Precipitacion
11
Adverse effect = Efecto adverso / Efecto negativo

49
The lexicon of environmental damage
Acid rain – lluvia acida
Climate change – cambio climatico
Deforestation - deforestacion
Ground pollution – contaminacion del suelo
Ozone depletion – Reduccion de la capa de ozono
Waste of resources – derroche/despilfarro de recursos naturales.
Greenhouse efecto – Efecto invernadero
Ozone layer – Capa de ozono
Adverse – Dañino
Harmful – Nocivo/Perjudicial
Harmless – Inofensivo/inocuo
Warming – calentamiento
Noxious – Harmful/toxic
Hazard – Risk
Rise – increment
Endanger – poner en peligro
Amount – cantidad

50
Sewage treatment
Sewage1
treatment, or domestic wastewater2
treatment, is the process of removing
contaminants from wastewater and household sewage3
, both runoff (effluents) and
domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical,
chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-
safe4
fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge5
)
suitable6
for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).
A typical sewage treatment process:
1. Separate and dispose of grosser debris7
(large solids, rags, plastics)
2. Grit removal (grit, stones, sand)
3. Primary sedimentation (in which primary sludge is obtained)
4. Biological treatment (in which secondary –biological- sludge is
obtained)
5. Tertiary treatment (tertiary sludge is obtained)
Exercise: Which are the main advantages obtained by treating wastewater?
For example: Quality improvement of streams.
1
Sewage = Aguas residuales / Aguas servidas
2
Wastewater = Aguas residuales
3
Household sewage = Aguas residuales de los hogares
4
Environmentally-safe = Ambientalmente seguro/a
5
Sludge = Lodo / Fango
6
Suitable = Adecuado / apto / idoneo
7
Debris = desechos solidos / escombros

51
Industrial Chemistry
Unit 7
target:
1. Basics of P&ID
2. Common P&ID symbols used in developing Instrumentation Diagrams
3. Symbols for process equipment
4. Unit of measurement
Vocabulary:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

52
Basics of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
P&ID stands for Piping1
and Instrumentation Diagram or Drawing. Alternatively, it
could also be called Process and Instrumentation Diagram or simply P&I diagram or
drawing. P&IDs are also known as Engineering Flow Diagrams or Mechanical Flow
Diagrams .P&IDs are often used in the process industry to show the process flow and
other installed equipment and instruments. They show the interconnection of process
equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process.
Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams play a crucial role in the design and engineering
of process plants and piping systems. P&IDs are schematic diagrams that contain
engineering and design details of the process plants.
A P&ID is a working document that is used by every discipline involved in the design,
engineering and construction of process plants. It is used as a Process Plant Layout
and Piping Design reference for checking engineering and design documents and
drawings associated with a project.
Common P&ID symbols used in Developing Instrumentation
Diagrams - Instrument Indentifiers
PC = Pressure2
controller
PI =Pressure Indicator
PR = Pressure recorder
PIC = Pressure indicating controller
PRC = Pressure recording controller
PSV = Pressure safety valve
RV = Relief valve3
LA = Level alarm
LAH = Level alarm high
LAL = Level alarm low
LI = Level indicator
LRC = Level recording cotroller
FA = Flow4
alarm
FE = Flow element
FI = Flow indicator
FR = Flow recorder
FRC = Flow recording controller
TA = Temperature alarm
TI = Temperature Indicator
TR = Temperature recorder
TRC = Temperature recorder controller
TW = temperature well
1
Piping = Tuberias
2
Pressure = Presion
3
Relieve valve = Valvula de alivio / seguridad
4
Flow = Flujo

53
Symbols for Process Equipment
Pressure vessels1
Centrifugal pump2
Conveyor belt3
Shell-and-tube heat exchanger
Jacketed vessel
Generic Valve
Glove valve
Butterfly valve
Ball valve
Gate valve
Angle valve
Three way valve
1
Vessel = Contenedor / tanque / recipiente
2
Pump = bomba
3
Conveyor belt = Cinta transportadora

54
Units of measurement
Exercise: Using a dictionary try to translate these unit of measurement
Millimeter
Centimeter
Decimeter
Meter
Kilometer
Miles
Foot
yard
inch
cubit
parsecs
light years
square meter
hectare
Degrees of Celsius
Kelvin
Fahrenheit
kilogram
metric ton
cubic meter
hectoliter
imperial gallon liquid
US gallon liquid
US gallon dry
barrel

55
How to write a resume?
Unit 8
Target:
1. Learn to write a resume.
Vocabulary:
Advertisement = Anuncio/Publicidad
Highlight = Destacar
Achievements = Logros
Skills = Habilidades
Duties = Funciones/deberes
Accomplishments = Logros/realizaciones
Honed = Perfeccionado

56
Writing a resume
A resume is an advertisement about you. It should highlight how your skills,
experience, and achievements match to the requirements of the job you want to get.
What you include on your resume and how you organize your information will be
different for each job.
1. Write your personal information: name, surname, phone number,
email, address, etc.
2. Decide in what combination you will list your education, work history,
and other achievements. Your best qualities should be listed first
3. List your employment history. This can be done in one of two ways:
a. If your work history includes positions in more than one field, you should
list your jobs under functional sub-headings, which categorize the skills
you used at each particular one. When listing your employment history in
this manner, each sub-heading should contain a listing of the positions
you’ve held that relate to those functional areas. The listing should
include the name and location of the employer, a description of your
duties and responsibilities, the dates you were employed, and any
accomplishments or achievements at that particular job.
b. If you can demonstrate that your evolving work history highlights the key
skills you want to promote, you may want to list your work history in
reverse chronological order, without including any sub-headings. Instead
of the subheadings, you could strategically select the way you word your
descriptions of your roles and responsibilities to highlight how you honed
those skills.
4. Provide information about your education. The details you include about
your education will be the same as the details you’d include in other resume
styles; the difference is in where you present the information on the resume.
5. Provide information on your skills, awards, and achievements. This can
be blocked into one section, or they can be distributed within the sub-headings
of your resume that highlight specific skills.
6. Format your resume. Some guidelines to follow when formatting your
resume:
a. Set your margins to 1” all the way around.
b. Use a standard font such as Arial or Times New Roman.
c. Use font size 16 for your name, 14 for section headings, and 12 for all
other text.
d. Use bold font for your name and section headings.
e. Use plenty of white space (blank lines). The proper use of white space
will make your resume easy to scan quickly and much easier to read.
f. Always use white paper and black font.

57
Vocabulary
Unit 8
Target:
- Improve your english

58
A
Ablation = Ablación
Absolute error = Error absoluto
Absolute zero = Cero absoluto
Absorption spectrum = Espectro de absorción
Accuracy = Precisión
Acid = Acido
Acid rain = Lluvia acida
Activation energy = energía de activación
Active transport = Transporte activo
Addition reaction = reacción de adicción
Adhesive forces = fuerzas de adhesión
Aerobic = aeróbico
Aerobic respiration = respiración aeróbica
Affinity = Afinidad
Air pollution = Contaminación del aire
Air quality assessment = Evaluación de la calidad del aire
Alchemy = Alquimia
Amorphus solid = Solido amorfo
Angular momentum quantum number = Numero cuántico del momento angular
Antimatter = Antimateria
Archimedes Principle = Principio de Arquímedes
Atmosphere = Atmosfera
Avogadro’s Law = Ley de Avogadro
Avogadro’s Number = Numero de Avogadro

59
B
Backscattering = Retro dispersión
Binary Acid = Acido binario
Binary Compound = Compuesto binario
Biodegradability = Biodegradabilidad
Boiling Point = Punto de ebullición
Bond Energy = Energía de enlace
C
Calorie = Calorías
Calorimeter = calorímetro
Capillary = Capilar
Carcinogen = carcinógeno / cancerígeno
Carrier gas = Gas de transporte
Catode ray tube = Tubo de rayos catódicos
Centripetal force = fuerza centrípeta
Chain reaction = Reacción en cadena
Chemical bonds = Enlaces químicos
Chemical change = transformación química
Chemical equation = Ecuación química
Chemical equilibrium = Equilibrio químico
Chemical kinetics = cinética química
Chemistry = Química
Climate = Clima

60
Coenzyme = Coenzima
Cohesive forces = Fuerzas de cohesión
Coke = Coque
Colligative Propierties = Propiedades coligativas
Collision theory = Teoría de las colisiones
Colloid = Coloide
Complex ions = Iones complejos
Compressed gas = Gas comprimido
Compression factor = Factor de compresión
Concentration = Concentración
Condensation = Condensación
Condensed Phases = Fases condensadas
Conjugate acid-base pair = par conjugado ácido – base
Coordination = Coordinación
Covalent bond = enlace covalente
Covalent compounds = Compuestos covalentes
Critical point = Punto critico
Cryoscopy constant = Constante crioscopica
Crystallization = Cristalización
D
Deflagration = Deflagración
Degeneracy = Degeneración
Delocalization = Deslocalización

61
Denaturation = Desnaturalización
Density = Densidad
Depolarization Factor = Factor de despolarización
Diamagnetic = Diamagnético
Diamond = Diamante
Diastereotopic = diastereotópicos
Diathermic = Diatérmico
Dilution = Disolución
Dipole – dipole interactions = Interacciones dipolo-dipolo
Dipole moment = Momento dipolar
Dissociation = Disociación
Distillation = Destilación
Distortion = Distorsión
Double bond = Enlace doble
Drug = Droga/fármaco
Ductility = Ductilidad
Dynamic Equilibrium = Equilibrio dinámico
E
Ebullioscopic constant = Constante ebulloscópica
Efficacy = Eficacia
Elastic Deformation = Deformación elástica
Electrical conductivity = Conductibilidad eléctrica
Electrolysis = Electrolisis
Electromagnetic Radiation = Radiación electromagnética

62
Electron affinity = Afinidad electrónica
Electronegativity = Electronegatividad
Electronic Transition = Transición electrónica
Electrophile = Electrófilo
Electrophoresis = Electroforesis
Electrostatics = Electroestática
Element = Elemento
Eluant (or eluent) = eluyente
Emission spectrum = Espectro de emisión
Emulsifying agent = Agente emulsionante
Enantiomer = Enantiomero
Endothermic = Endotérmico
Energy = Energía
Enthalpy = Entalpia
Entropy = Entropía
Enzyme = Enzima
Equilibrium (or chemical equilibrium) = Equilibrio (o equilibrio químico)
Essential oil = Aceite esencial
Eutectic temperatura = temperatura eutéctica
Evaporation = Evaporación
Excited state = Estado Excitado
Exothermic = Exotérmico
Extensive property = Propiedad extensiva
Extrapolate = Extrapolar

63
F
Fatty acid = Ácido graso
Fermentation = Fermentación
Filtration = Filtración
Fire = Fuego
Flame test = ensayo de la llama
Flammable = Inflamable
Fractional distillation = Destilación fraccionada
Free radical = Radicales libres
Freezing point = punto de congelación
G
Galvanic cell = Celda galvánica
Gamma Radiation = Radiación gamma
Glass = vidrio
Greenhouse gas = Gas de invernadero
Greenhouse effect = Efecto invernadero
H
Heat = calentar
Heat capacity = Capacidad calorífica
Heavy metal = metal pesado
Heinsenberg uncertainty principle = Principio de indeterminación de Heinsenberg

64
Heterogeneous = heterogéneo
Homogeneous = Homogéneo
Hybrid = Hibrido
Hydrophobic = hidrófobo
Hygroscopic = Higroscópico
Hypothesis = hipótesis
I
Ideal gas = gas ideal
Immiscible = inmiscible
Indicator = Indicador
Infrared = infrarrojo
Inhibitor = inhibidor
Inorganic chemistry = química inorgánica
Insecticide = Insecticida
Insoluble = insoluble
Intensive property = Propiedad intensiva
Intrinsic property = propiedad intrínseca
Isotopes = isotopos
K
Kinetic = cinética
Kinetic energy = energía cinética

65
L
Light = luz
limiting reactant = Reactivo limitante
Lipid = lípidos
Litmus paper = Papel de tornasol
M
Malleable = maleable
Mass = masa
Mass spectrometer = espectrómetro de masa
Matter = materia
Measurement = medida
Melting point = Punto de fusión
Metal complex = complejo metálico
Molarity = molaridad
Molecular geometry = geometría molecular
N
Nitrate = nitrato
Noble gas = Gas noble
O
Octet rule = Regla del octeto

66
Oligosaccharide = oligosacárido
P
Peptide bond = Enlace peptídico
Petrochemistry = Petroquímica
Physics = Física
Polymer = Polímero
Polyprotic acid = Acido políptico
Power = Poder/fuerza
Proof = Prueba
R
Radiant energy = Energía radiante
Radiation = Radiación
Radioactivity = Radioactividad
Reactant = Reactivo
Reductant = Reductor
Resonance = Resonancia
S
Salt bridge = Puente salino
Saturated solution = Solución saturada
Science = Ciencia
Scientific Method = Método científico
Solubility = Solubilidad

67
Specific heat = Calor especifico
Spontaneous process = Proceso espontaneo
Stoichiometry = Estequiometria
Strong acid = Acido fuerte
T
Temperature = Temperatura
Theory = Teoría
Thermochemistry = Termoquímica
Thermodynamic equilibrium = Equilibrio termodinámico
Thermoplastic = Termoplásticos
Transition metal = metal de transición
V
Vacuum = Vacío
Valence = Valencia
Valence electron = Electron de valencia
Viscosity = Viscosidad
W
Wavelength = Longitud de onda
Weak = débil

68
Bibliography
www.iquimicas.com
chemguide.co.uk
http://wiki.answers.com
http://www.files.chem.vt.edu
http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/
http://www.chem.unl.edu/safety/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry
http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Drawing/Flow_sheets.html
http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/glossaryz.htm

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