Curso de Vereão 2011 - Genoma e células tronco

1. Gregor Johann Mendel - Século XIX

3. GENOMA HUMANO

4. Bata as claras em neve, junte as gemas e o açúcar aos poucos, sempre batendo. Misture a farinha de trigo juntamente com o Chocolate em Pó e o fermento e despeje sobre as claras, misturando delicadamente. Asse em fôrma redonda (25 cm de diâmetro), untada e enfarinhada e asse em forno médio (180º C) preaquecido por cerca de 40 minutos. Desenforme e deixe esfriar. Depois de frio, corte ao meio e umedeça com o rum. Recheie com parte do chantilly e as cerejas. Cubra com o chantilly restante e raspas de chocolate. Decore com as cerejas inteiras. “ GENOMA”

6. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT

7. Duas versões de cada gene (materna + paterna) A 1 A 2 B 1 B 2 C 1 C 2 D 1 D 2 A 3 A 4 B 3 B 4 C 3 C 4 D 3 D 4 A 2 A 4 B 1 B 4 C 1 C 3 D 2 D 4 A 1 A 4 B 1 B 3 C 2 C 4 D 2 D 4

10. Duas versões de cada gene (materna + paterna) A 1 A 2 B 1 B 2 C 1 C 2 D 1 D 2 A 3 A 4 B 3 B 4 C 3 C 4 D 3 D 4 A 2 A 4 B 1 B 4 C 1 C 3 D 2 D 4 A 1 A 4 B 1 B 3 C 2 C 4 D 2 D 4

13. FIGURA 4 - ALELOS e SNPs a1 a2 a3 a4 a6 a5 a Gene “A” : ALELOS do gene “A” ...ATTGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....AGTTGCATAGC..... ...ATTGGCACG...TGCTTTAGCA.....ACTTGCATAGC..... ...ATCGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....ACTTGCATAGC..... ...ATTGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....ACTTGAATAGC..... SNPs a2 a4 a5 a ...ATTGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....ACTTGCATAGC..... Gene “A” :

14. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT 3.200.000.000

15. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT ~ 25.000 genes

16. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT VARIAÇÕES

18. FIGURA 4 - ALELOS e SNPs a1 a2 a3 a4 a6 a5 a Gene “A” : ALELOS do gene “A” ...ATTGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....AGTTGCATAGC..... ...ATTGGCACG...TGCTTTAGCA.....ACTTGCATAGC..... ...ATCGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....ACTTGCATAGC..... ...ATTGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....ACTTGAATAGC..... SNPs a2 a4 a5 a ...ATTGGCACG...TGCATTAGCA.....ACTTGCATAGC..... Gene “A” :

20. Migração Homo Sapiens

21. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT FUNÇÃO!

24. FUNÇÃO DOS 26.383 GENES HUMANOS

25. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT SAUDE HUMANA

26. GENE DEFEITUOSO TERAPIA DIRECIONADA TERAPIA GÊNICA Projeto Genoma Humano: DOENÇAS GENÉTICAS DIAGNÓSTICO

27. “ TUDO” É REGULADO POR GENES! Formato e funcionamento do corpo, dos órgãos Cor da pele, dos olhos, do cabelo ... Cicatrização Envelhecimento Memória Gordura Infecções Câncer ...

28. Projeto Genoma Humano: IMPACTO NA MEDICINA “ MEDICINA GENÉTICA” PREVENTIVA Adequar o estilo de vida de acordo com a genética

33. FARMACOGENÉTICA Resposta a drogas 6-mercaptopurina leucemia infantil polimorf. TPMT -> toxicidade CYP2D6 + CYP2C19 = 25% drogas

36. = Projeto Genoma Humano: IMPACTO NA MEDICINA Medicina PÓS-GENOMA Medicina ATUAL Medicina ATUAL Medicina MEDIEVAL

37. Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) 5% da verba total do PGH Impacto psicológico Privacidade Determinismo Eugenia Comercialização ...

38. DISCRIMINAÇÃO GENÉTICA Seguro de saúde/vida; Emprego; Escolas; PRIVACIDADE GENÉTICA

40. 47,XY,+13 47,XY,+18 EUGENIA

41. EUGENIA Doença Gordura Cor dos olhos QI SEXO DOENÇA x VARIAÇÃO NORMAL

42. DETERMINISMO GENÉTICO GENÉTICA + MEIO AMBIENTE

43. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT

44. 1953 Estrutura do DNA (Watson & Crick) 1972 1 a molécula DNA recombinante (P.Berg) 1977 Sequenciamento de DNA (Maxam & Gilbert) ... 1985 1 a discussão sequenciamento G.H. PCR (K. Mullis) HISTÓRIA CIENTÍFICA – TECNOLÓGICA – POLÍTICA DO PGH tec. DNA recombinante

46. BIOLOGIA SINTÉTICA

51. 20/5/2010

53. TTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAGAGCCCGGCCCGGGGGACGGGCGGCGGGATAGCGGGACCCCGGCGCGGCGGTGCGCTTCAGGGCGCAGCGGCGGCCGCAGACCGAGCCCCGGGCGCGGCAAGAGGCGGCGGGAGCCGGTGGCGGCTCGGCATCATGCGTCGAGGGCGTCTGCTGGAGATCGCCCTGGGATTTACCGTGCTTTTAGCGTCCTACACGAGCCATGGGGCGGACGCCAATTTGGAGGCTGGGAACGTGAAGGAAACCAGAGCCAGTCGGGCCAAGAGAAGAGGCGGTGGAGGACACGACGCGCTTAAAGGACCCAATGTCTGTGGATCACGTTATAATGCTTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTACACAGCTCTGACAAACGGGCGCTGCTCTAACCAGCTGCCACAGTCCATAACCAAAATGCAGTGCTGCTGTGATGCCGGCCGATGCTGGTCTCCAGGGGTCACTGTCGCCCCTGAGATGTGTCCCATCAGAGCAACCGAGGATTTCAACAAGCTGTGCTCTGTTCCTATGGTAATTCCTGGGAGACCAGAATATCCTCCCCCACCCCTTGGCCCCATTCCTCCAGTTCTCCCTGTTCCTCCTGGCTTTCCTCCTGGACCTCAAATTCCGGTCCCTCGACCACCAGTGGAATATCTGTATCCATCTCGGGAGCCACCAAGGGTGCTGCCAGTATTACTGTTGCCCTGGATGGAAAACCTTACCTGGCGGAAATCAGTGTATTGTCCCCATTTGCCGGCATTCCTGTGGGGATGGATTTTGTTCGAGGCCAAATATGTGCACTTGCCCATCTGGTCAGATAGCTCCTTCCTGTGGCTCCAGATCCATACAACACTGCAATATTCGCTGTATGAATGGAGGTAGCTGCAGTGACGATCACTGTCTATGCCAGAAAGGATACATAGGGACTCACTGTGGACAACCTGTTTGTGAAAGTGGCTGTCTCAATGGAGGAAGGTGTGTGGCCCCAAATCGATGTGCATGCACTTACGGATTTACTGGACCCCAGTGTGAAAGAGATTACAGGACAGGCCCATGTTTTACTGTGATCAGCAACCAGATGTGCCAGGGACAACTCAGCGGGATTGTCTGCACAAAACAGCTCTGCTGTGCCACAGTCGGCCGAGCCTGGGGCCACCCCTGTGAGATGTGTCCTGCCCAGCCTCACCCCTGCCGCCGTGGCTTCATTCCAAATATCCGCACGGGAGCTTGTCAAGATGTGGATGAATGCCAGGCCATCCCCGGGCTCTGTCAGGGAGGAAATTGCATTAATACTGTTGGGTCTTTTGAGTGCAAATGCCCTGCTGGACACAAACTTAATGAAGTGTCACAAAAATGTGAAGATATTGATGAATGCAGCACCATTCCTGGAATCTGTGAAGGGGGTGAATGTACAAACACAGTCAGCAGTTACTTTTGCAAATGTCCCCCTGGTTTTTACACCTCTCCAGATGGTACCAGATGCATAGATGTTCGCCCAGGATACTGTTAAACGTTACTGATTACTGCCAGTTGGTCCGCTATCTCTGTCAAAATGGACGCTGCATTCCAACTCCTGGGAGTTACCGGTGTGAGTGCAACAAAGGGTTCCAGCTGGACCTCCGTGGGGAGTGTATTGATGTTGATGAATGTGAGAAAAACCCCTGTGCTGGTGGTGAGTGTATTAACAACCAGGGTTCGTACACCTGTCAGTGCCGAGCTGGATATCAGAGCACACTCACGCGGACAGAATGCCGAGACATTGATGAGTGTTTGAATGAATGTGAGACTCCTGGAATCTGTGGTCCAGGGACATGTTACAACACCGTTGGCAACTACACCTGTATCTGTCCTCCAGACTACATGCAAGTGAATGGGGGAAATAATTGCATGGATATGAGAAGAAGTTTGTGCTACAGAAACTACTATGCTGACAACCAGACCTGTGATGGAGAATTGTTATTCAACATGACCAAGAAGATGTGCTGCTGTTCCTACAACATTGGCCGGGCGTGGAACAAGCCCTGTGAACAGTGTCCCATCCCAAGTACAGATGAGTTTGCTACACTCTGTGGAAGTCAAAGGCCAGGCT

55. CLONAGEM

56. 1997: A REVOLUÇÃO DOLLY !

59. músculo pele neurônio Identidade celular: conjunto de genes ligados/desligados.

60. RAIZ FOLHAS SEMENTES

61. Transferência Nuclear (1950’s) célula da pele núcleo óvulo com núcleo transferido Sapo A Sapo B clone transferir núcleo para óvulo óvulo enucleado óvulo

63. 1997 1998 2000 A clonagem pós-Dolly ?

64. PORQUÊ CLONAR HUMANOS ? Copiar alguém “interessante”

66. PORQUÊ CLONAR HUMANOS ? Copiar alguém “interessante” Opção para casais estéreis Gerar “doadores de órgãos”

68. 277 29 Matemática da Clonagem ????? “ DAR CERTO” ???

69. TAXAS DE “SUCESSO” DA CLONAGEM Célula doadora Espécie Oócitos Nascimentos Obs. reconstr. vivos Fetal Fibroblasto Camundongo 3057 5 (0.2%) Bovino 276 4 (1.4%) 1 † 1896 6 (0.3%) Cabra 285 3 (1.1%) Porco 210 1 (0.5%) Ovelha 417 14 (3.4%) 11 † Adulta Gld. Mamária Ovelha 227 1 (0.4%) Granulosa Camundongo 2468 31 (1.3%) Fibroblasto Bovino 440 6 (1.4%) 2 † 664 8 (1.2%)

70. “ DAR CERTO” ??? longevidade predisposição para câncer reprodução filhos netos ...

72. CLONAGEM

73. CLONAGEM REPRODUTIVA CLONAGEM TERAPÊUTICA

74. RAIZ FOLHAS SEMENTES

75. CÉLULAS-TRONCO

76. Fontes de tecidos e órgãos para transplante: doadores (5-10%); órgãos artificiais; órgãos de animais (xenotransplante); engenharia de tecidos: células-tronco

77. CÉLULA TRONCO “ Células com capacidade de AUTO-RENOVAÇÃO ilimitada/prolongada, capazes de produzir pelo menos um tipo de DESCENDENTE ALTAMENTE DIFERENCIADO “

78. CÉLULAS TRONCO “ADULTAS” vs. CÉLULAS TRONCO EMBRIONÁRIAS

79. CÉLULAS TRONCO “ADULTAS” CÉLULAS TRONCO EMBRIONÁRIAS

80. CTs “adultas” – MEDULA ÓSSEA

81. CTs “adultas” – plasticidade/trans-diferenciação

89. CTs “adultas” – plasticidade/trans-diferenciação medula óssea

90. CÉLULAS TRONCO “ADULTAS” NOVAS FONTES

91. 1989: Sangue do cordão umbilical é fonte de células-tronco hematopoéticas

92. CÉLULAS TRONCO “ADULTAS” NOVAS FONTES (em desenvolvimento) Lipoaspirado Polpa do dente de leite Líquido amniótico Placenta Cordão umblical ...

93. CÉLULAS TRONCO “ADULTAS” CÉLULAS TRONCO EMBRIONÁRIAS

94. PLURIPOTENTES cultura botão embrionário Células-tronco EMBRIONÁRIAS (ES) – 1980’s

95. teratoma PLURIPOTENCY in vivo : Injection into SCID mice endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

96. bIII-tub

98. Science vol. 282, 6 Nov., 1998

99. Tecidos/Células para Terapia Medula Óssea Neurônios Células do Músculo Cardíaco Células do Pâncreas Células-Tronco A Promessa das CT Embrionárias Humanas

102. hES: DESAFIOS SEGURANÇA COMPATIBILIDADE ÉTICA/LEGISLAÇÃO

105. DIFERENCIAÇÃO: Desenvolvimento Embrionário Células-Tronco Embrionárias: Lições de 25 Anos de Pesquisa

107. A Importância da Pesquisa Básica Para a Célula-Tronco Embrionária A Importância da Célula-Tronco Embrionária Para a Pesquisa Básica

108. POLÊMICA: Ser-Humano ou Aglomerado de Células? Células-Tronco Embrionárias: Lições de 25 Anos de Pesquisa

109. Lei de Biossegurança 2005 embriões FIV > 3 anos e congelados < Março 2005; proíbe clonagem humana.

112. ... ... ...? FORMAS de vida humana ?

113. EXPECTATIVA: Verdades Absolutas ou Transitórias? Células-Tronco Embrionárias: Lições de 25 Anos de Pesquisa

116. Transplante de Coração

117. Cenário 2030 Genoma: susceptibilidade genética; medicina genética preventiva; medicina personalizada; diagnósticos e drogas inteligentes; descriminação “genética”; “ eugenia” (seleção de embriões). Transgênicos: aumento produtividade; proteção meio-ambiente; controle.

118. Cenário 2030 Biologia Sintética: novos seres-vivos em função do homem. Clonagem: animal; humana?? Células-tronco: conhecimento da biologia humana “ reposição de peças”? medicina personalizada? regeneração – células vs. drogas. Comunicação de Ciência

120. CONHECIMENTO PODER RESPONSABILIDADE

122. Conceito básico: todas as células contém o genoma completo. músculo pele neurônio

123. músculo pele neurônio Identidade celular: conjunto de genes ligados/desligados.

124. Expressão alta baixa linfóide mielóide genes pacientes DIAGNÓSTICO “GENÔMICO” Chip de DNA : leucemia linfóide vs. mielóide.

126. “ Vida” x Vida

127. LEI DE BIOSSEGURAN Ç A APROVAÇÃO 2005 PERMITE o uso do embri ã o humano CONGELADO > 3ANOS PROIBE a clonagem terapeutica para obtenç ã o de células tronco

128. Reino Unido França EUA Alemanha Portugal Canadá Bélgica Japão Coréia do Sul clonagem terapêutica embrião Aut.Embr.Fert.Hum. 5 anos – exced. $$ privada importar < 2002; s/colab. lei ? exced. exced. ou não

130. LEI DE BIOSSEGURAN Ç A EXPECTATIVAS DA POPULAÇÃO… Dra. Lygia, agora que o projeto de Lei de Biossegurança foi aprovado, QUANTAS PESSOAS SAIRÃO DAS FILAS DE TRANSPLANTE? SEGURANÇA COMPATIBILIDADE

131. New Lines of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

132. a b c 10x 4x d e f 10x 4x 4x 4x

134. Karyotype passage 5: 46,XY BR-1

135. TRANSGÊNICOS

136. PROBLEMA: Alimentar a população mundial. SOLUÇÕES: Aumentar a área plantada; Diminuir a população; Aumentar a produtividade: Agrotóxicos; TRANSGÊNICOS PREOCUPAÇÕES: Saúde humana e meio-ambiente

137. TRANSGÊNICOS São seguros??? Culpados até provem o contrário Liberação facilitada X

138. PROBLEMA: Alimentar a população mundial. SOLUÇÕES: Aumentar a área plantada; Diminuir a população; Aumentar a produtividade: Agrotóxicos; TRANSGÊNICOS PREOCUPAÇÕES: Saúde humana e meio-ambiente