This document summarizes Andrew Witkowski's research on firm-level heterogeneity in China's textile industry during its unilateral trade liberalization. He analyzed transactional trade data between China and the US from 2000-2006 to compare export volumes and quotas. His analysis found differences in export performance between state-owned, private and foreign-owned textile firms after trade barriers were reduced. While inconclusive due to differences in product coding, the research highlighted opportunities for further study on how firm ownership impacts responses to trade liberalization.
Discovery of key factors that may influence the success of multinational ICT ...Anand Sheombar
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated key factors influencing the success of multinational ICT companies in Base of the Pyramid (BOP) markets in Africa. The research analyzed 10 case studies of ICT projects through literature reviews, case reports, and interviews. Three key factors emerged: 1) BOP strategy and business model, 2) partnerships, and 3) product and service development. The paper argues that successful contributions in developing countries made through ICT depend partly on the health of relationships between partners.
This white paper introduces the Industry Building Blocks (IBB) classification system, which divides the global economy into over 17,000 ultra-granular industries. IBB classifications are based on Michael Porter's five competitive forces and define industries based on unique combinations of competitors, buyers, suppliers, substitutes, and potential entrants. This creates a more granular system than traditional industry classifications. The paper argues that understanding industries at this level of granularity provides insights into companies, themes, and mergers that are not possible with less granular classifications. It illustrates how IBB can be used to analyze companies like Apple, which it divides into 50 distinct industries based on competitive dynamics.
The document discusses differences between formal and informal small manufacturing firms in Kenya. It finds that:
1) Almost all informal firms are run by Kenyans of African origin, while formal enterprises are run by both Africans and Asians.
2) Asian formal firms are the most productive and capital intensive, followed by African formal firms, with little difference between African informal and formal firms.
3) There are thus weak incentives for African informal firms to formalize given their similar productivity to African formal firms. However, Kenya needs a more efficient formal sector to achieve economic growth through higher investment and exports.
4) Policy should aim to integrate the sectors by improving infrastructure, skills development, access to credit,
This document summarizes findings from multiple national manufacturing surveys conducted in India between 1997 and 2007. Some key findings include:
1) Early Indian manufacturing firms focused on quality but were opportunistic rather than strategic. Supply chains were fragmented.
2) Later surveys found more focus on productivity and continuous improvement, but low investment in R&D and innovation. Quality remained the top priority.
3) The 2007 survey found regional differences in capabilities. Smaller firms focused more on customization while medium firms showed most potential for competitiveness. Skill development and supply chain coordination were major needs.
Issues Facing Industrial Manufacturers: Staking a Claim in Emerging Markets BurCom Consulting Ltd.
Manufacturers face challenges when entering emerging markets including intense competition, international business risks, and a shortage of skilled labor. Solutions include building or buying local production, improving returns on capital equipment, and using foreign R&D to create new products for those markets. Success requires winning the war for talent through strategic recruiting and reshoring some production.
1. The document discusses how industries are increasingly global and permeable, with blurred borders between nations, competitors, collaborators, and different industries.
2. Industries can be described in various ways like by the products/services, value, durability, or cyclical usage, but they are all becoming more global in characteristics.
3. The degree of globalization can be examined by factors like the trade ratio, percentage of overseas sales, and classification on a scale from multidomestic to fully global.
This document provides a summary of a World Bank policy research working paper on global value chains. The paper aims to provide a framework and tools to measure countries' performance in global value chains and provide guidance on how countries can join, maintain participation in, and move up global value chains. Global value chains have become an important source of opportunities for trade, competitiveness, and development. The paper analyzes what global value chains are, why they are important, and provides context on how production has increasingly fragmented across borders through various organizational models like outsourcing and offshoring.
This document summarizes a study on corporate entrepreneurship and innovation in the Ethiopian leather footwear industry. It provides background on Ethiopia's focus on developing its manufacturing sector, including the leather industry. The leather industry lacks competitiveness in domestic and international markets and is not innovative. The study aims to analyze the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship variables and innovation in leather companies. It developed a model linking these variables and administered a survey to 6 companies. The findings showed corporate entrepreneurship and innovation levels were below average. A positive correlation was found between the variables. Reward systems and time availability contributed most to innovation. The model explained 48% of innovation variance. The results can help managers improve innovation through modifying organizational variables.
Discovery of key factors that may influence the success of multinational ICT ...Anand Sheombar
This document summarizes a research paper that investigated key factors influencing the success of multinational ICT companies in Base of the Pyramid (BOP) markets in Africa. The research analyzed 10 case studies of ICT projects through literature reviews, case reports, and interviews. Three key factors emerged: 1) BOP strategy and business model, 2) partnerships, and 3) product and service development. The paper argues that successful contributions in developing countries made through ICT depend partly on the health of relationships between partners.
This white paper introduces the Industry Building Blocks (IBB) classification system, which divides the global economy into over 17,000 ultra-granular industries. IBB classifications are based on Michael Porter's five competitive forces and define industries based on unique combinations of competitors, buyers, suppliers, substitutes, and potential entrants. This creates a more granular system than traditional industry classifications. The paper argues that understanding industries at this level of granularity provides insights into companies, themes, and mergers that are not possible with less granular classifications. It illustrates how IBB can be used to analyze companies like Apple, which it divides into 50 distinct industries based on competitive dynamics.
The document discusses differences between formal and informal small manufacturing firms in Kenya. It finds that:
1) Almost all informal firms are run by Kenyans of African origin, while formal enterprises are run by both Africans and Asians.
2) Asian formal firms are the most productive and capital intensive, followed by African formal firms, with little difference between African informal and formal firms.
3) There are thus weak incentives for African informal firms to formalize given their similar productivity to African formal firms. However, Kenya needs a more efficient formal sector to achieve economic growth through higher investment and exports.
4) Policy should aim to integrate the sectors by improving infrastructure, skills development, access to credit,
This document summarizes findings from multiple national manufacturing surveys conducted in India between 1997 and 2007. Some key findings include:
1) Early Indian manufacturing firms focused on quality but were opportunistic rather than strategic. Supply chains were fragmented.
2) Later surveys found more focus on productivity and continuous improvement, but low investment in R&D and innovation. Quality remained the top priority.
3) The 2007 survey found regional differences in capabilities. Smaller firms focused more on customization while medium firms showed most potential for competitiveness. Skill development and supply chain coordination were major needs.
Issues Facing Industrial Manufacturers: Staking a Claim in Emerging Markets BurCom Consulting Ltd.
Manufacturers face challenges when entering emerging markets including intense competition, international business risks, and a shortage of skilled labor. Solutions include building or buying local production, improving returns on capital equipment, and using foreign R&D to create new products for those markets. Success requires winning the war for talent through strategic recruiting and reshoring some production.
1. The document discusses how industries are increasingly global and permeable, with blurred borders between nations, competitors, collaborators, and different industries.
2. Industries can be described in various ways like by the products/services, value, durability, or cyclical usage, but they are all becoming more global in characteristics.
3. The degree of globalization can be examined by factors like the trade ratio, percentage of overseas sales, and classification on a scale from multidomestic to fully global.
This document provides a summary of a World Bank policy research working paper on global value chains. The paper aims to provide a framework and tools to measure countries' performance in global value chains and provide guidance on how countries can join, maintain participation in, and move up global value chains. Global value chains have become an important source of opportunities for trade, competitiveness, and development. The paper analyzes what global value chains are, why they are important, and provides context on how production has increasingly fragmented across borders through various organizational models like outsourcing and offshoring.
This document summarizes a study on corporate entrepreneurship and innovation in the Ethiopian leather footwear industry. It provides background on Ethiopia's focus on developing its manufacturing sector, including the leather industry. The leather industry lacks competitiveness in domestic and international markets and is not innovative. The study aims to analyze the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship variables and innovation in leather companies. It developed a model linking these variables and administered a survey to 6 companies. The findings showed corporate entrepreneurship and innovation levels were below average. A positive correlation was found between the variables. Reward systems and time availability contributed most to innovation. The model explained 48% of innovation variance. The results can help managers improve innovation through modifying organizational variables.
THE JAPANESE TRANSFORMER INDUSTRY A CASE STUDY OF ITS COMPETITIVENESSijcsit
Transformers are one type of magnetic component used in relevant structures like power Switch supplies. Transformers are the necessary parts in all products involving electricity, for the alteration of current voltage during the processes of power generation, transformation, transmission and distribution .Relevant discussions in Japan concerning transformers have centered on power industries and power systems. Transformers for household and business use are mostly categorized under electronics-related industry, one of the ten major consumer electronics industries (most of the mare middle and small-sized firms).Relevant literatures primarily focus on the study of related technology, with little attention paid to the competitive edge and future prospects of transformer-related industries. Case studies indicate that Japanese enterprises are disappointed with the governmental efforts and assistance directed to the improvement of existing technologies. As the executive director of one of the transformer associations in Japan pointed out, no advancement has been shown in this technology for nearly the last 20years.Most companies can improve themselves only in reaction to errors; the lack of specialized knowledge derived from research strongly decreases the industry's progressive power and postpones its development. Japan has lagged considerably behind Europe and the US in this aspect. The transformer companies in Japan will have great difficulty in cultural and language communication if they invest in foreign countries. In this study, experts and scholars in the fields of industry, government and academia are interviewed. Questionnaires are issued to the object companies and a comparative case study is conducted to analyze the influencing factors on the competitive edge and strategies in Japan in the hope that an effective reference for improving industrial competitiveness can be available for the government and the companies
The competitive development of nationa economiesara19
The document discusses Porter's framework for analyzing national competitive advantage and economic development. It presents Porter's theory that a nation's competitive advantage is determined by factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy/rivalry. It provides examples of how Porter's framework applies to analyzing the economies of countries like Saudi Arabia, Finland, and Lebanon at different stages of development.
Comparative advantage and_heterogeneous_firmsJason Park
This document summarizes a paper that examines how trade liberalization affects resource allocation across industries and countries when firms have heterogeneous productivity levels. Some key points:
1) When trade costs fall, resources reallocate both within and across industries and countries. This generates job turnover in all sectors, though there is net job creation in industries that have a comparative advantage and net job destruction in industries that have a comparative disadvantage.
2) Trade liberalization spurs more "creative destruction" (the exit of less productive firms) in comparative advantage industries than in comparative disadvantage industries.
3) Aggregate productivity increases more in comparative advantage industries as trade costs fall, amplifying countries' original differences in production costs and boosting welfare
Quality issues in outsourcing to China: Is it still a sustainable competitive...Ian McCarthy
Globalisation has made outsourcing to low-cost countries fashionable but firms face several challenges that fade outsourcing fashion.To survive in this outsourcing wave adopting proper sustainable strategy is needed.Using four case studies and four competitive strategies (‘‘Generic Strategies’’,‘‘Sandcone’’,‘‘Core Competences’’and ‘‘Value-Chain Analysis’’),this paper proposes sustainable
competitive advantage framework to over come quality issues in outsourcing to China.
Supply chain management in indian automotive industry complexities, challeng...ijmvsc
The Indian automotive industry, comprising vehicle and component manufacturers, has grown steadily
since the economic liberalization of the early 1990’s. The arrival of major global auto companies has
galvanised the domestic sector into adopting Supply Chain best practices. This has enhanced
competitiveness leading to a quantum growth in exports. However, the Indian automotive industry has to
operate in an unique environment further posing challenges to the already complex automobile supply
chain. Therefore, a need is felt to continually study supply chain practices in this sector from a
contemporary, practitioner’s viewpoint in order to identify key factors of differentiation which would
ultimately provide competitive advantage. This paper seeks to understand the present status, complexities
and challenges facing the Indian automobile sector. It examines trends such as visibility and innovation,
collaboration and supply networks and evolving leadership roles impacting supply chain effectiveness.
Strategies for overcoming challenges are presented as also a framework for further study and analysis.
This document provides an outline for a report on offshoring. Section I discusses reasons why companies engage in offshoring, including lower labor costs, advances in technology and telecommunications that allow work to be done remotely, and access to new markets. Section II covers different types of sourcing strategies such as offshoring, outsourcing, insourcing, and nearshoring. Section III discusses benefits of outsourcing, including cost savings, increased efficiency, risk management, and competitive advantages from flexibility and 24/7 operations. Section IV notes potential disadvantages like loss of control, hidden costs, quality issues, and cultural problems.
This presentation, by Estefania Santacreu-Vasut, Professor in Economics, ESSEC Business School and Chris Pike, OECD Competition Division, was made during the discussion “Gender and competition”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 29 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/gnc.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international business including definitions of globalization and globalism, factors of the global business environment, the mechanics of international trade transactions, the role of technology, cultural considerations, trade finance, logistics, relevant policies and regulations, and how to develop an international business plan. It discusses topics such as global supply chains, trade in services, high and low context cultures, business ethics, and transportation modes. The document aims to equip readers with foundational knowledge for understanding and engaging in global commerce.
Future strategy for apparel manufacturer in nepalUjjwal Chand
Heritage Fashion Pvt. Ltd. is a Nepalese manufacturer and exporter of ready-made garments looking to expand its export market. It currently produces 3000-3500 dozen items per month for customers in the USA and Germany. An analysis of potential new export markets in countries in the EU found that France would be the best target market due to its political stability, competitive economy, high disposable income, and ease of communication. The company plans to open a branded store in the UK and partner with wholesalers and retailers to enter the French market, employing a marketing mix focused on customized products, quality design, proper packaging, value pricing, and trade fairs.
The document discusses strategies and organizational structures of multinational corporations operating across international markets. It covers topics such as the impact of internationalization on industry structure and competition, frameworks for analyzing competitive advantage in an international context, and how national influences can shape competitiveness. It also examines the evolution of multinational strategies from early decentralized structures to more centralized and integrated approaches.
This document discusses why Canadians cannot compete with lower labor cost countries like India and China. It argues that low wages are not a sustainable advantage and countries want to improve living standards. While lower prices benefit customers, squeezing suppliers and paying low wages hurts other stakeholders and societies. Canada risks lowering its quality of living by pursuing a low-cost model, while China works to raise standards. Both countries would benefit from managing economic integration to share growth through collaboration rather than protectionism.
Michael Porter's theory of national competitive advantage outlines four key factors that influence a nation's competitiveness: factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Porter's diamond framework evaluates how these four factors interact to determine a nation's ability to participate competitively in international markets. Factor conditions include a nation's resources and infrastructure. Demand conditions refer to domestic demand for products and services. Related and supporting industries promote innovation when competitive industries prosper. Firm strategy and rivalry spur improvement and innovation through cultural differences and competition between companies.
This document analyzes the relationship between trade openness and income inequality in Africa using data from 38 African countries from 1980 to 2018. It reviews previous literature that has found mixed results on the impact of trade openness on inequality. The literature identifies factors like economic conditions, social factors, and institutions that influence inequality. The document aims to examine the effects of five dimensions of trade openness on income inequality in Africa, using multiple indices of trade openness. Preliminary results from the analysis show that measures of domestic and international trade are associated with higher income inequality. The study contributes new evidence on this topic in Africa.
This document is from a marketing textbook and covers several topics:
- It outlines learning outcomes on analyzing the internal and external marketing environment.
- It provides a case study on an Indian company and asks what measures it could take to adapt.
- It defines and describes the three types of marketing environments: internal, external, and performance.
- It goes into detail about analyzing the various external factors like political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and ecological environments.
Este documento describe una mini clase de 15 minutos impartida por cuatro maestras en la Escuela Básica Josefina de la Cruz sobre las señales de tránsito. La clase comenzó con un video sobre señales de tránsito y un ejercicio de dibujo y coloreado de las señales en los cuadernos. Luego los estudiantes trabajaron en grupos nombrando las señales. Al final se hicieron preguntas de recapitulación y la tarea fue recortar y pegar señales de tránsito.
This is the LinkedIn curriculum I took the initiative and completely rewrote, which has been rolled out statewide in Utah. You will learn how to navigate LinkedIn, build a strong and persuasive profile, and connect with other members.
La evolución de la web comenzó en 1991 cuando Tim Berners-Lee creó la World Wide Web para compartir documentos de forma hipertextual utilizando HTML. La Web 1.0 consistía principalmente en páginas estáticas, mientras que la Web 2.0 se centra en las comunidades de usuarios y aplicaciones web que permiten la participación y edición colaborativa. La Web semántica busca darle significado definido a la información para facilitar que las personas y computadoras trabajen juntas.
Este documento presenta el programa de estudio para la materia "Recursos para la Enseñanza" dictada en el Instituto de Formación Docente Continua Villa Mercedes durante el ciclo lectivo 2016. La materia es cuatrimestral y apunta a profesores del Profesorado de Artes Visuales. El programa describe los objetivos, contenidos, metodología y régimen de evaluación, con énfasis en enseñar a los estudiantes a seleccionar y utilizar diferentes recursos y herramientas didácticas como imágenes, gráficos, sonido y
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 6 of the Holy Gita on Yoga of Meditation. It discusses who a yogi is, how to meditate, how to control the mind, and what happens to a yogi. A yogi is someone who is detached from sense objects and actions. To meditate, one must make the mind one-pointed while controlling the actions of the mind and senses. Controlling the mind requires practice and dispassion. A yogi who strives through many births becomes purified from sins and attains the highest goal of infinite bliss and sees the self in all beings.
Call of Duty es una serie de videojuegos FPS bélicos que comenzó en 2003. Algunos de los títulos principales son Call of Duty y Call of Duty 2, ambientados en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la popular serie Black Ops sobre la Guerra Fría, incluyendo Call of Duty: Black Ops, Black Ops 2 y Black Ops 3.
Debra Starling has over 29 years of experience in sales, customer service, and business development. She has worked in various industries including manufacturing, construction, home furnishings, and recreation products. Throughout her career, she has consistently exceeded sales goals and increased sales, growing her business by over 100% in some roles. She prides herself on building strong customer relationships and responding to customer needs.
Mr. Prabhu outlined clear visions, missions, goals and categories to analyze the Indian Railways 2016-2017 budget. The key goals included increasing speeds of trains to 80kmph, eliminating unmanned crossings by 2020, and increasing punctuality to 95%. Financial targets included reducing operating ratio to 92% and ramping up capital investments. Major projects highlighted were electrifying 2,000kms of track, commissioning freight corridors by 2019, and connecting ports through rail. The budget also focused on manufacturing locomotives and train sets to boost local industry and employment.
THE JAPANESE TRANSFORMER INDUSTRY A CASE STUDY OF ITS COMPETITIVENESSijcsit
Transformers are one type of magnetic component used in relevant structures like power Switch supplies. Transformers are the necessary parts in all products involving electricity, for the alteration of current voltage during the processes of power generation, transformation, transmission and distribution .Relevant discussions in Japan concerning transformers have centered on power industries and power systems. Transformers for household and business use are mostly categorized under electronics-related industry, one of the ten major consumer electronics industries (most of the mare middle and small-sized firms).Relevant literatures primarily focus on the study of related technology, with little attention paid to the competitive edge and future prospects of transformer-related industries. Case studies indicate that Japanese enterprises are disappointed with the governmental efforts and assistance directed to the improvement of existing technologies. As the executive director of one of the transformer associations in Japan pointed out, no advancement has been shown in this technology for nearly the last 20years.Most companies can improve themselves only in reaction to errors; the lack of specialized knowledge derived from research strongly decreases the industry's progressive power and postpones its development. Japan has lagged considerably behind Europe and the US in this aspect. The transformer companies in Japan will have great difficulty in cultural and language communication if they invest in foreign countries. In this study, experts and scholars in the fields of industry, government and academia are interviewed. Questionnaires are issued to the object companies and a comparative case study is conducted to analyze the influencing factors on the competitive edge and strategies in Japan in the hope that an effective reference for improving industrial competitiveness can be available for the government and the companies
The competitive development of nationa economiesara19
The document discusses Porter's framework for analyzing national competitive advantage and economic development. It presents Porter's theory that a nation's competitive advantage is determined by factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy/rivalry. It provides examples of how Porter's framework applies to analyzing the economies of countries like Saudi Arabia, Finland, and Lebanon at different stages of development.
Comparative advantage and_heterogeneous_firmsJason Park
This document summarizes a paper that examines how trade liberalization affects resource allocation across industries and countries when firms have heterogeneous productivity levels. Some key points:
1) When trade costs fall, resources reallocate both within and across industries and countries. This generates job turnover in all sectors, though there is net job creation in industries that have a comparative advantage and net job destruction in industries that have a comparative disadvantage.
2) Trade liberalization spurs more "creative destruction" (the exit of less productive firms) in comparative advantage industries than in comparative disadvantage industries.
3) Aggregate productivity increases more in comparative advantage industries as trade costs fall, amplifying countries' original differences in production costs and boosting welfare
Quality issues in outsourcing to China: Is it still a sustainable competitive...Ian McCarthy
Globalisation has made outsourcing to low-cost countries fashionable but firms face several challenges that fade outsourcing fashion.To survive in this outsourcing wave adopting proper sustainable strategy is needed.Using four case studies and four competitive strategies (‘‘Generic Strategies’’,‘‘Sandcone’’,‘‘Core Competences’’and ‘‘Value-Chain Analysis’’),this paper proposes sustainable
competitive advantage framework to over come quality issues in outsourcing to China.
Supply chain management in indian automotive industry complexities, challeng...ijmvsc
The Indian automotive industry, comprising vehicle and component manufacturers, has grown steadily
since the economic liberalization of the early 1990’s. The arrival of major global auto companies has
galvanised the domestic sector into adopting Supply Chain best practices. This has enhanced
competitiveness leading to a quantum growth in exports. However, the Indian automotive industry has to
operate in an unique environment further posing challenges to the already complex automobile supply
chain. Therefore, a need is felt to continually study supply chain practices in this sector from a
contemporary, practitioner’s viewpoint in order to identify key factors of differentiation which would
ultimately provide competitive advantage. This paper seeks to understand the present status, complexities
and challenges facing the Indian automobile sector. It examines trends such as visibility and innovation,
collaboration and supply networks and evolving leadership roles impacting supply chain effectiveness.
Strategies for overcoming challenges are presented as also a framework for further study and analysis.
This document provides an outline for a report on offshoring. Section I discusses reasons why companies engage in offshoring, including lower labor costs, advances in technology and telecommunications that allow work to be done remotely, and access to new markets. Section II covers different types of sourcing strategies such as offshoring, outsourcing, insourcing, and nearshoring. Section III discusses benefits of outsourcing, including cost savings, increased efficiency, risk management, and competitive advantages from flexibility and 24/7 operations. Section IV notes potential disadvantages like loss of control, hidden costs, quality issues, and cultural problems.
This presentation, by Estefania Santacreu-Vasut, Professor in Economics, ESSEC Business School and Chris Pike, OECD Competition Division, was made during the discussion “Gender and competition”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 29 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/gnc.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international business including definitions of globalization and globalism, factors of the global business environment, the mechanics of international trade transactions, the role of technology, cultural considerations, trade finance, logistics, relevant policies and regulations, and how to develop an international business plan. It discusses topics such as global supply chains, trade in services, high and low context cultures, business ethics, and transportation modes. The document aims to equip readers with foundational knowledge for understanding and engaging in global commerce.
Future strategy for apparel manufacturer in nepalUjjwal Chand
Heritage Fashion Pvt. Ltd. is a Nepalese manufacturer and exporter of ready-made garments looking to expand its export market. It currently produces 3000-3500 dozen items per month for customers in the USA and Germany. An analysis of potential new export markets in countries in the EU found that France would be the best target market due to its political stability, competitive economy, high disposable income, and ease of communication. The company plans to open a branded store in the UK and partner with wholesalers and retailers to enter the French market, employing a marketing mix focused on customized products, quality design, proper packaging, value pricing, and trade fairs.
The document discusses strategies and organizational structures of multinational corporations operating across international markets. It covers topics such as the impact of internationalization on industry structure and competition, frameworks for analyzing competitive advantage in an international context, and how national influences can shape competitiveness. It also examines the evolution of multinational strategies from early decentralized structures to more centralized and integrated approaches.
This document discusses why Canadians cannot compete with lower labor cost countries like India and China. It argues that low wages are not a sustainable advantage and countries want to improve living standards. While lower prices benefit customers, squeezing suppliers and paying low wages hurts other stakeholders and societies. Canada risks lowering its quality of living by pursuing a low-cost model, while China works to raise standards. Both countries would benefit from managing economic integration to share growth through collaboration rather than protectionism.
Michael Porter's theory of national competitive advantage outlines four key factors that influence a nation's competitiveness: factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Porter's diamond framework evaluates how these four factors interact to determine a nation's ability to participate competitively in international markets. Factor conditions include a nation's resources and infrastructure. Demand conditions refer to domestic demand for products and services. Related and supporting industries promote innovation when competitive industries prosper. Firm strategy and rivalry spur improvement and innovation through cultural differences and competition between companies.
This document analyzes the relationship between trade openness and income inequality in Africa using data from 38 African countries from 1980 to 2018. It reviews previous literature that has found mixed results on the impact of trade openness on inequality. The literature identifies factors like economic conditions, social factors, and institutions that influence inequality. The document aims to examine the effects of five dimensions of trade openness on income inequality in Africa, using multiple indices of trade openness. Preliminary results from the analysis show that measures of domestic and international trade are associated with higher income inequality. The study contributes new evidence on this topic in Africa.
This document is from a marketing textbook and covers several topics:
- It outlines learning outcomes on analyzing the internal and external marketing environment.
- It provides a case study on an Indian company and asks what measures it could take to adapt.
- It defines and describes the three types of marketing environments: internal, external, and performance.
- It goes into detail about analyzing the various external factors like political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and ecological environments.
Este documento describe una mini clase de 15 minutos impartida por cuatro maestras en la Escuela Básica Josefina de la Cruz sobre las señales de tránsito. La clase comenzó con un video sobre señales de tránsito y un ejercicio de dibujo y coloreado de las señales en los cuadernos. Luego los estudiantes trabajaron en grupos nombrando las señales. Al final se hicieron preguntas de recapitulación y la tarea fue recortar y pegar señales de tránsito.
This is the LinkedIn curriculum I took the initiative and completely rewrote, which has been rolled out statewide in Utah. You will learn how to navigate LinkedIn, build a strong and persuasive profile, and connect with other members.
La evolución de la web comenzó en 1991 cuando Tim Berners-Lee creó la World Wide Web para compartir documentos de forma hipertextual utilizando HTML. La Web 1.0 consistía principalmente en páginas estáticas, mientras que la Web 2.0 se centra en las comunidades de usuarios y aplicaciones web que permiten la participación y edición colaborativa. La Web semántica busca darle significado definido a la información para facilitar que las personas y computadoras trabajen juntas.
Este documento presenta el programa de estudio para la materia "Recursos para la Enseñanza" dictada en el Instituto de Formación Docente Continua Villa Mercedes durante el ciclo lectivo 2016. La materia es cuatrimestral y apunta a profesores del Profesorado de Artes Visuales. El programa describe los objetivos, contenidos, metodología y régimen de evaluación, con énfasis en enseñar a los estudiantes a seleccionar y utilizar diferentes recursos y herramientas didácticas como imágenes, gráficos, sonido y
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 6 of the Holy Gita on Yoga of Meditation. It discusses who a yogi is, how to meditate, how to control the mind, and what happens to a yogi. A yogi is someone who is detached from sense objects and actions. To meditate, one must make the mind one-pointed while controlling the actions of the mind and senses. Controlling the mind requires practice and dispassion. A yogi who strives through many births becomes purified from sins and attains the highest goal of infinite bliss and sees the self in all beings.
Call of Duty es una serie de videojuegos FPS bélicos que comenzó en 2003. Algunos de los títulos principales son Call of Duty y Call of Duty 2, ambientados en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la popular serie Black Ops sobre la Guerra Fría, incluyendo Call of Duty: Black Ops, Black Ops 2 y Black Ops 3.
Debra Starling has over 29 years of experience in sales, customer service, and business development. She has worked in various industries including manufacturing, construction, home furnishings, and recreation products. Throughout her career, she has consistently exceeded sales goals and increased sales, growing her business by over 100% in some roles. She prides herself on building strong customer relationships and responding to customer needs.
Mr. Prabhu outlined clear visions, missions, goals and categories to analyze the Indian Railways 2016-2017 budget. The key goals included increasing speeds of trains to 80kmph, eliminating unmanned crossings by 2020, and increasing punctuality to 95%. Financial targets included reducing operating ratio to 92% and ramping up capital investments. Major projects highlighted were electrifying 2,000kms of track, commissioning freight corridors by 2019, and connecting ports through rail. The budget also focused on manufacturing locomotives and train sets to boost local industry and employment.
O documento discute a importância da metrologia e da padronização de medidas para facilitar o comércio internacional. Ele explica a origem do Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI) e do metro como uma unidade padronizada globalmente para medidas de comprimento. O documento também descreve a estrutura do sistema metrologia internacional, incluindo o Bureau Internacional de Pesos e Medidas (BIPM) e a Convenção do Metro.
Presentation by Kevin Collis, Lead, independent consultant working with Arriva as the lead for Digital Train solutions in 'The Gigabit Train' seminar on 21 March 2016 at techUK
El documento describe los elementos básicos del lenguaje visual que son el punto y la línea. Explica que el punto es el elemento más simple y ha sido importante en el arte puntillista y la imagen digital. La línea surge del movimiento de un punto y puede expresar ideas a través de su grosor, intensidad y si es recta u curva. A lo largo de la historia del arte, movimientos como el puntillismo, el arte abstracto de Kandinsky y Mondrian han usado primordialmente el punto y la línea como elementos fundamentales de la composición pictórica.
I Used to Blame Parents But Now I Have KidsChris Kennedy
The superintendent of West Vancouver Schools used to blame parents for issues in education but has changed his view now that he has children of his own. He gave a talk at the Ignite Your Passion conference in Vancouver on October 6, 2016 where he discussed his changed perspective on parental involvement after becoming a parent.
This document outlines a 5-phase approach to analyzing a company's core competencies. Phase 1 involves identifying end products. Phase 2 groups end products into businesses. Phase 3 identifies core products that link competencies to end products. Phase 4 uses a strengths-weaknesses matrix to identify core capabilities. Phase 5 determines strategic implications of the identified core competencies. The overall goal is to accurately identify a company's unique skills and technologies to help guide business strategy.
Muyambi Benda FORTUNATE "Land degradation assessment in the IGAD Region - Its...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document summarizes a land degradation assessment in the IGAD region of Africa. Several key factors that contribute to land degradation are analyzed using earth observation data, including vegetation cover, rainfall erosivity, population density, soil erodibility, and slope length. Maps are produced showing vegetation condition, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, terrain slope, and a combined land degradation index. The assessment finds that 45% of the IGAD region is affected by considerable land degradation, with the most extensive areas located in eastern and northern parts of the region. Several hotspot areas are also identified for more detailed analysis.
Este documento describe diferentes conceptos de organización espacial como el equilibrio visual, el peso visual, las relaciones de figura y fondo, y el ritmo. El equilibrio visual se refiere a la distribución de elementos que crea una sensación de reposo basada en ejes horizontales y verticales. El peso visual depende del tamaño, posición, textura, forma, color y contraste de un elemento. Las relaciones de figura y fondo incluyen figuras simples/fondos simples, figuras complejas/fondos simples, y más. El ritmo surge
FinTech Belgium - Impact of robo-advice on wealth management - MeDirect BankFinTech Belgium
Robo-advice is changing the wealth management landscape by providing online and automated investment advice with lower fees. Wealth managers face pressures from regulations, costs, and changing client expectations toward more digital and efficient options. Statistics show top reasons clients leave include higher fees and more engagement models now involve online offerings. Robo-advice provides automated investment decisions through online client interfaces. MeDirect was the first to launch online wealth management in Belgium, allowing people to start investing from €5,000 with no fees and a low annual management fee, focusing on long-term returns.