The document summarizes the organizational structure and background of the Central Tibetan Administration (CTA). It describes the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the CTA including the Sikyong (President), Tibetan Parliament, Supreme Justice Commission, and various departments. It provides context that the CTA was established in 1959 in India after the Dalai Lama and thousands of Tibetans fled Chinese occupation of Tibet. The CTA aims to govern and provide services for Tibetans in exile until they can return to a free Tibet.

1. www.tibet.net
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Central Tibetan Administration (CTA)

2. www.tibet.net/en/diir/
Organisational Structure
Central Tibetan Administration
Public Service
Commission
Office of the
Auditor
General
Department of
Religion and
Culture
Department of
Health
Department of
Home
Department of
Information and
International
Relations
Department
of Security
Department of
Education
Department of
Finance

3. www.tibet.net
Background
 1949 PLA marched into Tibet; 1951 the so
called 17-point Agreement
 1959 HHDL & 80,000 Tibetans to escape into
exile in India, Nepal and Bhutan
 established CTA on 29 April 1959 in
Mussoorie, shifted to Dharamsala in May 1960
 1991 adoption of the Charter of Tibetans-in-
Exile & election to expanded ATPD
 2001 amended the Charter & direct election of
Samdhong Rinpoche as Kalon Tripa
 2011 HHDL handed over the political
authority to Kalon Tripa Dr. Lobsang Sangay
 2012 Kalon Tripa title amended to Sikyong

4. Constitution: Charter of the Tibetans in Exile (CTIE)
www.tibet.net
 CTIE, based on the spirit of the UN UDHR, adopted on 14 June 1991
 Prior to the Charter CTA was guided by the draft democratic constitution for future
Tibet promulgated by HHDL on 10 March 1963
 2011 powers within the three bodies Executive, Legislative and Judiciary reviewed,
handing full authority to directly-elected Kalon Tripa

5. Judiciary: Supreme Justice Commission (SJC)
www.tibet.net
 SJC highest judicial organ, formalised on March 11, 1992, Composed of the Chief
Justice Commissioner and two other Justice Commissioners; Appointed by TPIE by
election out of candidates submitted by the Selection Committee
 Since 29th May 2011, the Chief Justice Commissioner takes the oath of office from the
out-going Chief Justice Commissioner or the officiating Chief Justice Commissioner;
two other Justice Commissioners take the oath of office from the Chief Justice
Commissioner
 Northern Local Justice Commissioner in Dehra Dun, Southern Local Justice
Commissioner in Bylakuppe, Circuit Court and Welfare Officer as Commissioners

6. Legislature: Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile (TPIE)
www.tibet.net
 TPIE is the unicameral and highest
legislative organ, previously known as
Commission of People's Deputies, later
ATPD; headed by a Speaker and a Deputy
Speaker
 44 members: 10 members each from U-
Tsang, Do-tod and Do-med, 2 members
from four schools of Tibetan Buddhism and
Bon faith; 4 members from the west: 2 from
Europe, 1 each from North America and
Canada
 Any 25-year-old Tibetan eligible to contest
elections, term five years and any Tibetan of
18 years age is entitled to vote
 Twice-year Sessions, 11-member standing
committee; Local Assemblies

7. Executive (The Kashag or Cabinet)
www.tibet.net
 Since 2001, Kalon Tripa is directly elected by the people for the term of five years
 On 26 September 2012, Kalon Tripa title was amended to Sikyong
 Sikyong heads a maximum of 7-member Kashag
 Sikyong nominates his Kalons and seeks the approval of TPiE
 Kashag Secretariat headed by Cabinet Secretary
 3 divisions - Political, liaison and administration, and 2 sub offices: Planning
Commission and Contingency section

8. Election Commission (EC)
www.tibet.net
 The 13th Dalai Lama had better
knowledge of the world at large and
he introduced a number of reforms
to modernize Tibet
 At 16 HHDL assumed the political
and spiritual leadership of Tibet and
initiated measures to reform Tibet,
but had to escape Tibet after 1959
Tibetan National Uprising
 After 1991 EC now at Centre and at
Local levels conduct all elections

9. Public Service Commission (PSC)
www.tibet.net
 Till 1972 the
recruitment &
appointment of
Tibetan civil
service staff were
done by the
Service
Management
Office later by
Department of
Personnel
 CTIE, approved
by HHDL on 28
June 1991, made
PSC an
Autonomous
Body

10. Office of the Auditor General (OAG)
www.tibet.net
 OAG of CTA established in 1962 and
functioned under Kashag (Cabinet); was
made autonomous body in 1991, as per
the CTIE
 It audits the accounts of all the CTA
Departments and its subsidiaries,
autonomous institutions that are fully or
partly funded by CTA etc
 Since OAG is the Supreme Audit
Institution of CTA, it also has the power
to conduct value for money audit,
systems audit, management audit etc
 OAG is headed by an Auditor General,
who as per the 2011 amended Charter
will be appointed by TPIE; holds office
for a term of ten years or until he/she
attains the age of 65, whichever is earlier

11. Department of Religion & Culture (DORC)
www.tibet.net
 Began as Council for Religious Affairs office on April 27, 1959 in Mussoorie, DORC
aims at reviving, preserving, and promoting Tibetan religious and cultural heritage
 On September 12, 1960 it became one of the five main departments of CTA, later one
of the seven major departments of CTA

12. Department of Home (DOH)
www.tibet.net
 DOH looks after 21 agricultural
settlements, 11 cluster units, 8
agro-industries and 4 carpet-
weaving cooperatives in India
and 20 Tibetan settlements and
handicraft societies in Nepal and
Bhutan
 DOH works in close cooperation
with the Government of India
and other organizations
 Each settlement has
Representative of DOH, or
Welfare Officer or In-charge,
some elected by the people;
CTA encourages people to elect
to promote Tibetan political
maturity at grassroots level

13. Department of Finance (DOF)
www.tibet.net
 Till 1966, Security Kalon looked
after financial and budgetary
matters; later by Kalon for Deptt
of Religion; DOF's first Kalon
Tsewang Tamdin on May 29,
1969
 To fulfill its mission and to
prepare, execute and control its
annual budget; DOF started with
initial capital of Rs. 72,983.79
and gradually strengthened with
support from Tibetans, NGOs
and engaging in various trade and
commerce
 2001 privatised all business
establishments run by the
Department

14. www.tibet.net
 Established in 1960, separate schools for Tibetans
in India for quality modern education and
preservation of the Tibetan language & culture;
proved a success for past 52 years
 73 Tibetan schools of 24,000 students and 2,200
staff members; Autonomous school bodies: CTSA
(28 schools), TCV (18 schools), THF (3 schools),
STSSA Society (12 schools), and Snow Lion
Foundation (12 schools)
Department of Education
(DOE)

15. Department of Security (DOS)
www.tibet.net
 Ensures the security of HHDL;
Branch Security Office
arranges public audiences with
HHDL; helps Tibetan refugees
in seeking renewal of their
refugee RCs; it has a research
unit to monitor developments
in Tibet and China
 Runs 3 Reception Centres
(Kathmandu, Dharamsala and
Delhi) to look after refugees
arriving from Tibet

16. Department of Information & International Relations (DIIR)
www.tibet.net
 DIIR has its origin in Chisee Khang (the
Foreign Relations Office), which was re-
established in exile in 1959
 March 1969, the international relations
section of Chisee Khang was placed
under the BHHDL in New Delhi
 1971 information section was expanded,
renamed as Information & Publicity
Office; reintegrated on 4 April 1988 &
renamed as the DIIR

17. www.tibet.net/en/diir/
Office of Tibet (OT)
OTs are the official agencies of HHDL and CTA
1960 Bureau of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, New Delhi
1960 Tibetan Refugee Welfare Office, Kathmandu
1964 The Office of Tibet, New York
- Liaison Office for Latin America
1964 The Tibet Bureau, Geneva
1975 Liaison Office of H.H. the Dalai Lama, Tokyo
1981 The Office of Tibet, London
1992 Tibet Information Office, Canberra
1992 Bureau du Tibet, Brussels
- Bureau du Tibet, Paris
1993 Tibet Culture & Information Centre, Moscow
1997 The Office of Tibet, Pretoria
1997 Religious Foundation of H.H. the Dalai Lama, Taipei

18. Department of Health (DOH)
www.tibet.net
 DOH is registered as Tibetan Voluntary Health Association (TVHA) under the Indian
Society Registration Act XXI 1860
 Extends health care services to both Tibetans and local Indian residents; has 7 hospitals,
4 Primary Health Centers and 43 clinics located in all the refugee settlements in India
and Nepal with 174 medical staff and 68 administrative staff

19. Thank you!
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