The document discusses two hypotheses for what drives corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance among companies: the globalist hypothesis that CSR is driven by globalization pressures, and the institutionalist hypothesis that CSR is influenced by national institutions. The author finds support for both hypotheses. Countries with high proportions of transnational corporations and outward foreign investment tend to have high CSR scores, supporting the globalist view. Countries with strong social, corporatist and political cultures also tend to have high CSR scores, supporting the institutionalist perspective. There are likely multiple causal factors and paths leading to high CSR.

1. According to Maria Gjolberg
In ‘The origin of corporate social responsibility: global forces or national legacies?’
Bruno Duarte
Student no.
110480032
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting 2011 1

2. NEW RELATIONSHIP:
STATE, MARKETS AND SOCIETY
NEW ROLE OF THE PRIVATE
SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
CSRSR 2011 2

3.  FINDING THE CAUSES AND ORIGINS OF CSR
PERFORMANCE, EXPLORING:
TWO
HYPOTHESIS Globalist
Institutionalist
CSRSR 2011 3

4. MOTIVATED BY GLOBALIZATION AND THE BUSINESS CASE FOR CSR
FAST GLOBALIZATION: DISSATISFACTION:
• social costs; • anti-globalization;
•gaps of governance; • license to operate;
> PROPORTION OF > NUMBER OF
GLOBAL COMPANIES COMPANIES IN CSR
CSRSR 2011 4

5. NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INFLUENCE AND MOLD THE ECONOMY
THROUGH LEGAL, SOCIAL AND POLITIC FACTORS
Institutional embedding:
• divergent environments for companies;
• may differ for different activities/sectors;
• better embedding in the economy means
better CSR performance.
> SOCIAL STATE > CSR SCORE
STRENGTH OF COMPANIES
CSRSR 2011 5

6. METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
•DATA AND VARIABLES’ CHOICE;
•INFORMATION COMPARABILITY;
•ANALYTICAL STRATEGY;
UNIVERSE
• OCCIDENTAL DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES
CSR CONCEPT/DEFINITION
•NORMATIVE AND IDEOLOGICAL EXERCISE, NOT MERELY
TECHNICAL.
CSRSR 2011 6

7. DATA FROM COMPANIES IN THE DOMINANT
INTERNATIONAL CSR PERFORMANCE RANKINGS
DIVERSITY OF
COMPANIES AND
INDUSTRIES
CSRSR 2011 7

8. GROUP OF LEADERS IS DIVERSE
CAUSAL
COMPLEXITY
MORE THAN A PATH TO CSR
SUCCESS
CSRSR 2011 8

9.  COUNTRIES WITH HIGH PROPORTION OF TNC’S*
AND ‘OUTWARD FDI’* HAVE HIGH CSR SCORES
POSTULATE
* Transnational corporations and Outward foreign direct investment
CSRSR 2011 9

10. Almost
Low sufficient There must
CONFIRMS
triangles are condition, be more
POSTULATE
empty but no causes
necessary
CSRSR 2011 10

11.  Countries that have high rates of Social, Corporatist
and Political Culture, will have high CSR scores
POSTULATE
CSRSR 2011 11

12. 12

13. ACTIVE STATE
• Confirms postulate;
(SOCIAL)
ACTIVE STATE • Non necessary nor sufficient condition;
(ENVIRONMENTAL) • BUT, no country with a high ESI is non leader;
CORPORATIST
• Non sufficient condition;
INTEGRATION
• Confirms postulate;
POLITICAL CULTURE • Non suficient condition;
CSRSR 2011 13

14. BOTH
EXPLAIN
SEVERAL
PART OF
CAUSES
THE
SUCCESS
CSRSR 2011 14

15. Causal combinations, even in contradictory ways, may
generate the same outcome;
Introduction of qualitative information and method
calibration;
Half verbal-conceptual, half mathematic-analytical
approach;
Allows to explore if combinations of variables are
sufficient causes.
CSRSR 2011 15

16. 5 VARIABLES IN 2 COMBINATIONS OBTAINED AS CONSISTENT;
Conssistency: how combinations of causes display the same outcome.
MULTIPLE 2 PATHS
CAUSALITY TO CSR
CSRSR 2011 16

17. DIAGONAL SHOWS THE
PATH
NORDIC CASE IS WELL
REPRESENTED
UK, CAN, AUS, NOT
REPRESENTED BY THIS
HYPOTHESIS
CSRSR 2011 17

18. LACK OF CSR IS WELL
REPRESENTED
LAGERS AT THE BOTTOM
BELGIUM AND
IRELAND ARE
INCONSISTENT CASES
CSRSR 2011 18

19. 2 LEADERS NOT COMPLEMENTARY
REPRESENTED PATHS
3 INCONSISTENT
CASES CAN, AUS* MULTIPLIING
(TNC AND ENV ) EFFECT
CSRSR 2011 19

20. UNIVERSAL
APLICATION
COMBINATIONS OF
FACTORS
LOCAL IS
IMPORTANT
POSITIVE OR
NEGATIVE
INFLUENCE ON CSR
BY COMPANIES
CSRSR 2011 20

21. CSRSR 2011 21