1. Dr. T Thimmaiah Institute of Technology
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University
Belgaum)2022-2023
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL SEMINAR
ON
“CRYOGENIC GRINDING ”
PRESENTED BY
RAJ KHANNA R 1GV20ME408
Carried at
Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Technology
Under the Guidance of,
Mr. SARAVANA PRASAD R
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2. • Introduction
• History of cryogenic grinding
• What is cryogenic grinding
• Cryogenic grinding technology
• Advantages of cryogenics
• Application of cryogenic
grinding
• Problems with conventional
grinding
• Future prospects
• References
• Conclusion
CONTENT
3. • The term “Cryogenics” originates from Greek word which means creation or
production by means of cold.
• Temperatures as low as -180°C are attained in cryogenic systems.
• The extremely low temperature are produced by using substances called ‘cryogens
‘such as liquid nitrogen and liquid helium.
• Cryogens are stored in vessels called as Dewar flask which provides good
insulation.
• Cryogenic grinding technology can efficiently grind most tough materials and can
also facilitate Cryogenic recycling of tough composite materials and multi
component scrap.
INTRODUCTION
4. • The history of cryogenics began with the cold treatments—or sub-zero—treatments of the
past, which have been around for quite some time.
• There are stories of Swiss watchmakers burying newly made parts in snow, and it is well
known that companies would “age”
• Indy car builders have told us their fathers would age castings in a similar manner before
using them to make racecar engines.
• In a similar manner, racer Jim Birks, found engines which sat in junk yards through several
winters made superior race engines compared to brand new engine blocks.
• That is what caused him to look into the use of cold for making metals last longer.
HISTORY OF CRYOGENIC GRINDING
5. Cryogenic grinding, also known as freezer milling, freezer grinding, and
cryomilling, is the act of cooling or chilling a material and then reducing it into a
small particle size.
WHAT IS CRYOGENIC GRINDING
6. • For pulverizing many materials, cryogenic grinding technology increases productivity
and lowers power costs.
• Many elastic or "soft" materials are very difficult to pulverize, requiring long cycle
times and high energy consumption.
• This combination decreased productivity and increased costs unnecessarily.
• Cryogenic grinding involves cooling a material below its embrittlement temperature
with a cryogenic fluid, typically liquid nitrogen or, in certain applications, carbon
dioxide.
CRYOGENIC GRINDING TECHNOLOGY
7. • Higher production rate.
• Lower energy consumption.
• Finer particle size .
• More uniform particle distribution.
• Lower grinding cost.
• No heat generation which is good while grinding
spices, pharmaceuticals and scrap plastics.
• Provides an inert atmosphere thus eliminating the
possibility of oxidation.
ADVANTAGES OF CRYOGRINDING
8. • Cryogrinding of steel :-The large amount of heat generated during grinding at high speed
raises the temperatures at cutting zones excessively. Cryogens such as liquid nitrogen will
help in reducing the effect of heat on tool and work piece, thereby increasing the life of the
tool.
• Thermoplastics :-Nylon, Pvc, Polyethylene, Polypropylene are usually machined using
cryogenic grinding to form fine powders.
• Thermo sets :-Synthetic and natural vulcanized rubber and materials such as bakelite can be
economically machined with cryogenic grinding and recycled.
• Adhesives and waxes :-Sticky materials such as adhesives and
• waxes are difficult to machine using the conventional grinding methods. By using cryogenic
grinding, they can be embrittled easily and machined into fine particles.
• Spices :-Spices like pepper cinnamon can be powdered by cryogenic grinding which helps in
the preservation of the taste and aroma.
APPLICATIONS OF CRYOGENIC GRINDING
9. • Loss of etheric oil
• Clogging and
gumming of themill
• Oxidation and related
degradation
PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTION GRINDING
10. • As the cost of raw materials and energy is increasing day by day, it is
very necessary to use optimum quantity and at the same time getting
the required quality.
• By using CryoGrinding technology these aspects can be met
efficiently. By using this we can also recycle tough and composite
materials.
• It has many significant advantages over conventional grinding. This
also leads to value addition to the product. CryoGrinding is
economically viable, if liquid nitrogen costs are not formidable.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
11. REFERENCE
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenics, accessed on 28 November 2014.
• http://www.cryofoods.com/what-is-cryogenic.asp, accessed on 28-11- 14
• http://www.nzifst.org.nz/unitoperations/sizereduction1.htm, accessed on 22
12-14
• http://www.angrau.ac.in/media/10829/fden223fpequii.pdf, accessed
• on 22 12-14.
12. • Cryogenic grinding improves product quality by controlling
thermal effects.
• Oxidation and surface burning are eliminated.
• Surface damage is eliminated.
• Finer particle size is achieved.
• The process is economical in the long run.
• Material removal rate is high.
CONCLUSION
