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Presentation for Government Blockchain Association l San Juan, Puerto Rico l Piloto 151, 7'June 2018
(c) Vladislav Solodkiy, A.ID
www.followthemoney.id
Huincoin white paper:here are everything you want to know about huincoinNpack Machinery
Huincoin white paper:here are everything you want to know about huincoin
Huincoin
Huincoin is a global leader in the blockchain revolution.
We operate the premier U.S.-based blockchain trading platform, which is designed for customers who demand lightning-fast trade execution, dependable digital wallets, and industry-leading security practices.
Blockchain Incubators
We believe in the potential of blockchain and its ability to provide groundbreaking solutions.
To promote innovation in the industry, we are working with teams around the world to advance new, inventive tokens that could potentially transform the way goods, services and operations are managed globally.
ABOUT HUINCOIN
Founded in 2017 by three cybersecurity engineers, Huincoin is the premier U.S.-based blockchain platform, providing lightning-fast trade execution, dependable digital wallets and industry-leading security practices. Our mission is to help advance the blockchain industry by fostering innovation, incubating new and emerging technology, and driving transformative change.
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Visit: https://artivatic.ai/ or write us at contact at artivatic dot ai
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Financial Lending or P2P Lending is going to play important role in the economy of entire world including India. Artivatic conducted Lending (P2P) research to understand the sector specific problems, growth and opportunities and also the use of technologies.
#lending #p2p #fintech #banking #insurance #payments #accounts #bfsi #deeptech #artivatic #startups #technology
Presentation for Government Blockchain Association l San Juan, Puerto Rico l Piloto 151, 7'June 2018
(c) Vladislav Solodkiy, A.ID
www.followthemoney.id
Huincoin white paper:here are everything you want to know about huincoinNpack Machinery
Huincoin white paper:here are everything you want to know about huincoin
Huincoin
Huincoin is a global leader in the blockchain revolution.
We operate the premier U.S.-based blockchain trading platform, which is designed for customers who demand lightning-fast trade execution, dependable digital wallets, and industry-leading security practices.
Blockchain Incubators
We believe in the potential of blockchain and its ability to provide groundbreaking solutions.
To promote innovation in the industry, we are working with teams around the world to advance new, inventive tokens that could potentially transform the way goods, services and operations are managed globally.
ABOUT HUINCOIN
Founded in 2017 by three cybersecurity engineers, Huincoin is the premier U.S.-based blockchain platform, providing lightning-fast trade execution, dependable digital wallets and industry-leading security practices. Our mission is to help advance the blockchain industry by fostering innovation, incubating new and emerging technology, and driving transformative change.
Basics covering Why, What and How of structured finance. Also includes possibility of blockchain and data science use cases. The talk was delivered by Prajeesh Jayaram to students of IIT Kanpur and other colleges on 12th February 2022.
Fintech & Banking Industry Research By Artivatic.aiArtivatic.ai
Fintech or BFSI is going to play important role in the economy of entire world including India. Artivatic conducted Fintech research to understand the sector specific problems, growth and opportunities and also the use of technologies.
#fintech #banking #insurance #payments #accounts #bfsi #deeptech #artivatic #startups #technology
Visit: https://artivatic.ai/ or write us at contact at artivatic dot ai
Blockchain Impact in Financial Sector Research by Artivatic.aiArtivatic.ai
Blockchain is the hot & most important new age technology that is going to disrupt the decentralization among the enterprises for information exchange, transaction and storing the information in most secure and safe way. Decentralized technology is going to change the way businesses are done in the future. Its the future of technology. Do read some research insights from Artivatic.ai team for the Blockchain industry.
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Flow of the PPT:
1. Introduction - Meaning of Fintech
2. About Citizens Bank
3. Use of Citizens Access by Citizens Bank
4. Need Analysis and Success Metrics
5. Notable Start-ups in Fintech
6. Conclusion
7. Research Paper references
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It is getting increasing attention (and investments) from established institutional financial players.
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Overview of blockchain-based GovTech startups and trends by Life.SREDA VC, The BB Fund and Arival bank. Article on CoinTelehraph: https://goo.gl/ea6reR
Fintech & Insurtech - Lending Platforms: Company presentation by Bulent Tekmen, Co-Founder & CEO of Colendi, at the NOAH Conference London 2019, 30-31 October, Old Billingsgate.
Pacific Microfinance Week, is an event hosted by Microfinance Pacifika Network (MFPN) and the Foundation for Development Corporation (FDC) and provides a platform for stakeholders to discuss and share achievements, visions and priorities in fostering the growth of microfinance and financial inclusion throughout the Pacific. Manoj Sharma, Director, MicroSave actively participated in the program where he moderated a session on Global and Asia Region Trends and Initiatives. In this presentation he draws upon the global best practices and focuses on business model alternatives, and builds a case for making a thought through selection of the business model including the front end technology while always keeping the clients’ need at the centre of the business.
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Objective: Study and analyse any current trend in the field of Financial Management with the use of case studies and research papers.
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Flow of the PPT:
1. Introduction - Meaning of Fintech
2. About Citizens Bank
3. Use of Citizens Access by Citizens Bank
4. Need Analysis and Success Metrics
5. Notable Start-ups in Fintech
6. Conclusion
7. Research Paper references
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Investree is peer-to-peer lending marketplace platform that connects consumers (retail investors) directly to businesses and other individuals to borrow money.
Contact: adrian@investree.id
Marketplace Lending in the U.S. - An industry overview March 2015Rajesh Kamath
This is a study of the marketplace lending business in the U.S.
Marketplace lending (used to be called peer-to-peer or P2P lending earlier) is growing at a scorching pace in some lending segments, which traditional lenders might have all but abandoned. It represents technology-led disruption in the personal and small business lending space. What started life as 'borrowing from friends, family and peers' has turned into a broader 'marketplace' model, and might be on the cusp of becoming a mainstream lending channel in the next few years.
It is getting increasing attention (and investments) from established institutional financial players.
This study intends to provide an overview of what the marketplace lending business is all about. It takes a deep dive into the structurals - products, customers, regulations, platform models and who is investing in this space. It also lists the key success factors in this business, and tries to gaze into the future of what might be in store for this business in the coming few years.
The Digital Reserve Network ("DRN") is an open-source financial services suite designed to enable peer-to-peer payments, sustainable lending, and collateral free borrowing. The DRN will leverage a native cryptocurrency – Denarii. The Digital Reserve aims to create a public benefit by engaging in research and implementation of best practices for financial literacy the design and promotion of software or hardware solutions to increase financial accessibility and the flow of capital to disadvantaged or distressed communities.
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Virtual currency has been a debated concept within the technology community in the past few years, as transactions through this medium do not require any third party’s involvement. Know more details from Aranca's Business Research Experts here.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
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Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
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- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
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Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Credito whitepaper
1. 1
CREDITO: A Decentralized Network for the Credit Industry
credito.io
Executive Summary
Credito is a decentralized credit scoring, risk predicting and lending marketplace coupled
with Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts, bringing enhanced transparency and
reliability.
Credito brings Financial Inclusion to the "Credit Invisibles" by providing accurate and
reliable credit scores. A relatively high proportion of young people were credit invisible or
unscored. That’s not surprising, since they haven’t had much time to build a credit history.
For some, however, not building credit as a young adult could be setting the stage for a
lifetime of credit invisibility. People who don’t have a credit score or credit history may find
it more difficult to rent an apartment, buy a car, purchase a home, and, of course, get a
credit card. In short, it shuts them out of many common financial transactions.
Credito is building a Global Decisioning Platform for financial Institutions to prevent Credit
Risk by identifying fraudulent transactions as they happen, allowing them to take well
informed decisions. Although financial institutions are normally known as one of the most
strictly regulated sectors, they are still a target for fraudsters. The consequences of fraud
are not small, instead may cause banking failure and distress to the customers.
Nevertheless, while the financial institutions are active in the quest to identify fraud and
reduce costs of fraud, they still lack a true global knowledge bank which keeps a track of all
known frauds and compromises.
Credito introduces a decentralized collateralized lending market place and enables
connections between lenders and borrowers located anywhere in the world removing
physical constraints and reducing lending costs, by reducing the traditional lending costs and
management fees, aiming to create a credit marketplace better than anything available
today.
2. 2
Contents
1 Problem overview:................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Monopoly Issues............................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Security Issues............................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Centralized information .................................................................................................3
1.4 Portability ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Outdated Analytics and Incomplete information.............................................................. 3
2 Solution................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Transparency with Credito............................................................................................. 4
2.2 Credito Loan Agreements are Smart Contracts ................................................................ 5
2.3 Credito is “Trustless”......................................................................................................5
3 Credito Analytic Engine..........................................................................................................5
3.1 Identity Verification: ......................................................................................................5
3.2 Credito Scores ............................................................................................................... 6
3.3 RiskVariables and Risk Profiles....................................................................................... 6
3.4 Predictive and Descriptive Analytics................................................................................ 6
3.5 Profiling and Matching...................................................................................................7
3.6 Credito Transaction Scores............................................................................................. 7
3.7 Credito Analytic Engine Architecture............................................................................... 8
3.8 On-demand DecentralizedAnalytics................................................................................ 9
3.8.1 On-Chain Off-Chain Components............................................................................. 9
4 CreDApp (The DecentralizedApp) ........................................................................................ 11
4.1 Tokenization and Token Collaterals............................................................................... 11
4.2 Smart Collateral Management...................................................................................... 12
4.3 Transfer to crypto debit cards....................................................................................... 12
4.4 The Maker-Taker Lending Model .................................................................................. 13
5 Creditoken- CRDT............................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Token Usage................................................................................................................ 14
6 Conclusion:......................................................................................................................... 15
7 Token distribution............................................................................................................... 16
8 Projected use of funds......................................................................................................... 16
9 Roadmap............................................................................................................................ 16
3. 3
1 Problem overview:
Today, peer to peer (p2p) platforms are among the fastest growing segment in the financial
services space. The market for alternate finance gained popularity in recent years. A finding
by Transparency Market Research suggests that “the opportunity in the global peer-to-peer
market will be worth $898 billion by the year 2024, from $26 billion in 2015. The market is
anticipated to rise at a CAGR of 48% between 2016 and 2024.1”
While the growth projections for peer-to-peer lending is promising, one of the major
challenges is providing a system to reduce fraudulent and high risk activities, as they result
in loss of investor confidence and trust.
While the p2p platforms continue to face the risk of default, fraudulent practices or
borrower’s turning to banks, the growth prospects of this segment remain strong, especially
in times when the banking sector continues to struggle with lingering damages. Thus, a
decentralized and transparent peer-to-peer platforms offer great opportunities as an
alternative investment for loan providers as well as for borrower.
1.1 Monopoly Issues
The global credit scores are controlled by a handful of credit bureaus, it is alleged many
times that their models are outdated, flawed and not portable as they are specific to a
country or a region.
1.2 Security Issues
The recent Equifax hack exposed 140 million+ identities and personal information to the
hackers and termed as the worst security breach in US history.
There were over 15 million victims of identity theft or fraud in 2016 with the total amount
stolen being $16 Billion.
1.3 Centralized information
The data collected by credit bureaus is centralized. It is a common misconception that these
bureaus exchange information automatically, this is not true. These agencies are separate
businesses providing similar services for a fee.
1.4 Portability
As the credit scores are not portable, a low risk borrower may be denied access to credit as
they need to rebuild his credit worthiness from the scratch when he moves to a different
country.
1.5 Outdated Analytics and Incomplete information
As the information becomes more centralized it becomes monopolised and incomplete, the
decisions based on incomplete information are at high risk. Moreover the credit scores are
not real time but are merely updated often too late. This has prejudiced millions of
consumers and businesses.
1 https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/pressrelease/peer-to-peer-lending-market.htm
4. 4
Traditional credit bureaus need a borrower’s lending history to calculate a credit score, in
the US alone about 26 million American adults have no histories with national credit
reporting agencies such as Equifax, Experian and TransUnion. In addition to those so-called
credit invisibles, an additional 19 million have credit reports that are so limited or out of
date that they are unscorable2. In other words, 45 million American consumers do not have
usable credit scores, as a result many credit-worthy people were denied access to credit.
2 Solution
As a solution to the above problems, in this white paper we introduce Credito. A fully
decentralized network running on ethereum blockchain coupled with smart contracts and
Interplanetary File System (IPFS3) providing Credit scores, Transaction Analytics and
Decentralized Lending Marketplace.
Credito encourages the expanding and proficient operation of the lending market by
permitting both fiat and digital resource loan specialists to broaden credit to people and
establishments with underdeveloped or a juvenile credit framework. The eco system
provides solutions to enable any verified lender to safely and securely issue credit to the
verified borrower.
Decentralization provides more security and trust. It is a method to organise anything in a
way that does not require trust on third parties. The trust is eliminated by executing code
that does not require central government, management or central servers. By decentralizing
lending, we do not require banks or any other intermediaries for conducting a loan
transaction.
Decentralization means also that borrowers and lenders do not need to trust once the
Smart Contract is deployed to the Ethereum network. These Smart Contracts provide a
trustless and transparent lending environment, which is not available on today's lending
market. Trustless means that no one can interfere stop or manipulate the loan once
deployed. Transparent means that anyone can see the deployed transaction on blockchain
ledger by using any Ethereum blockexplorer4.
2.1 Transparency with Credito
Today when you make any transaction through the banking system, you do not have access
to the ledger. Ethereum network provides an immutable ledger, where every transaction is
recorded and is always open for inspection. Any transaction that is deployed on Ethereum
blockchain could be explored through block explorers. Transparent ledger removes the trust
that normally one would need to have when making a transaction between two banking
institutions. In banking system, the sender has to trust the receiver and vice versa. One
needs a receipt of payment to confirm payment. However, such receipt is not protected
against forgery. Therefore, you cannot check whether your counterpart has received the
transaction. The current method of transactions creates friction and uncertainty.
2 http://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201505_cfpb_data-point-credit-invisibles.pdf
3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System
4 https://etherscan.io/, https://etherchain.org/, https://ethplorer.io/ to name a few
5. 5
Credito leverages transparency that blockchain ledger provides is vital for a lending system
that works complete out of the banking system since public ledger makes trustless lending
possible also restricts the borrower obtaining multiple loans from different lenders at the
same time which he may likely to default.
2.2 Credito Loan Agreements are Smart Contracts
Credito Loan Agreements are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement
between Lender and Borrower, directly written into lines of code which brings enhanced
transparency and reliability. The code and the agreements contained therein exist across a
distributed, decentralized blockchain network. Credito Loan Agreements permit trusted
transactions and agreements to be carried out among disparate, anonymous parties without
the need for a central authority, legal system, or external enforcement mechanism. They
render transactions traceable, transparent, and irreversible.
2.3 Credito is “Trustless”
Credito will avoid risks that are associated with third parties. There is no need to trust the
counterparty. When the borrower places the loan request on Credito Network, the
counterparty cannot manipulate, stop and prevent the loan request once the loan is
deployed. Instead of the need to trust the counterparty, decentralization removes the
necessity to trust your provider and your counterparty. Removing the counterparty or third
party risk is vital to avoid any unfair and unwanted behaviour.
3 Credito Analytic Engine
Credito scores aimto derisk the investor's’ investment and the borrowers’ credit score.
Credito Scores are generated by Credito Analytic Engine, a self-learning algorithm using a
continual feedback loop with the help of Big Data analytics , Machine learning and Artificial
Intelligence , offering a score which act as a dynamic marker of a person's probability to
repay that evolves with the client's record of loan repayment.
3.1 Identity Verification:
Registration and Verification is a prerequisite to access the services provided by Credito. A
complete documentary evidence of their identity, the information will be used to do a Know
Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) screening.
The identity will verified against various public and private sources like
· Data feeds from centralized Credit Agencies
· Public records
· Social media
· Professional profiles
This cross verification disables duplicate registrations by the same user and secures the
Credito network. Once the identity has been verified, it is encrypted and stored in the IPFS
and linked to the credit score. Storing in IPFS makes it permanent and reusable reducing the
redundant verification for each loan application thereby speeding up the entire process.
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3.2 Credito Scores
Credito collects anonymized transaction history of the borrower from various alternative
data providers. The uses of anonymised transaction data in scoring for credit risk can
increase the predictive accuracy of risk management by identify patterns of behaviour.
Transaction scoring helps to gain a deep and clear understanding into their customers’
behaviour. These transactions will be encrypted and written to the IPFS associating user
identity hash and credit score.
As more banks and financial institutions trail the blockchain, in future Credito could become
standard fare for established players like large companies, governments, and central banks.
Credito provides smarter scores to third parties like Banks and other financial institutions in
exchange for anonymized transactional data, with the transactional data, scoring models
classifies themwith various identified Risk Profiles and Risk variables. Transaction Profiles
are adjusted based on a customer’s activity relating them to the regional spending patterns,
and individualized to each customer Optimized recursive Risk variables.
3.3 Risk Variables and Risk Profiles
Risk Variables are the core of the Credito Network’s modeling power. It is crucial that an
easy to maintain the library of Risk Variables is generated. The primary goal of is to increase
the overall efficiency of this self-calibrating scoring model.
Risk variables include details such as:
Patterns of behaviour.
Location of spending, like Merchant info, POS etc.
Preferred Online Merchants or websites.
Recent spending trends and deviations.
Significant spending activities.
Repeat Purchases and / or Attempts.
Time of the transactions.
Device information of the transactions originated, like Mobile, Desktop etc.
Risk Profiles updated by every transaction. Relevant and most recent information used to
make predictions and decisions. Earlier identification of changes in customer behaviour and
allows timely scoring decisions. Risk Profiles keep a track of the risk variables which are
dynamically updated during the scoring process using a feedback loop that tracks the
actions taken by the customer correlated categorized data.
3.4 Predictive and Descriptive Analytics
The blockchain ledger includes massive amounts of transactional data. Ethereum ledger
data can be processed and interpreted with the use of block explorers for financial
decentralized applications.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is growing in the use of financial industry. There are projects where
AI is used to assess credit risks. Such analysis can be performed on the ledger data and the
past loan history of the lenders and borrowers. Credito will provide APIs to access past loan
transaction data and the related ledger data for the analysis.
Predictive analytics has the ability to estimate. Using regressive and comparative techniques
predictive analytics provide estimates about the likelihood of a future outcome. These
statistics try to take the data that you have (Descriptive Analytics), and fill in the missing
data with best guesses. They combine historical data to identify patterns in the data and
apply statistical models and algorithms to capture relationships between various data sets.
Predictive analytics can be used to forecast customer behavior and purchasing patterns.
3.5 Profiling and Matching
Backed by the powerful analytics and advanced data mining techniques of the Credito
Network, Lenders, Borrowers are profiled with their past behavioural patterns and
practices. This helps in an instant matching of Lender and Borrower, in turn decreasing the
turnaround time for fulfilment of a credit request.
3.6 Credito Transaction Scores
Credito transaction scores are derived from transaction fraud analytics that combines
analytic technology and techniques to help detect potential improper transactions, such as
those based on fraud and/or bribery, either before the transactions are completed or after
they occur.
These days, nearly everyone engaged in fraud leaves behind a trail of digital fingerprints.
This presents a big opportunity to prevent further harm, but often only considered after the
damage has been done. Credito constantly evolves and learns from the new data breaches
identified every day and incorporates the knowledge in calculating transaction scores.
Credito takes advantage anomaly detection and rules-based methods to combat fraud,
corruption. Not only can analytics tools enhance rules-based testing methods, but they can
also help measure performance to standardize and help fine tune controls for constant
improvement.
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3.7 Credito Analytic Engine Architecture
Technology
C++ (Container Logic)
Python.
R.
Credito uses IPFS to store the encrypted data, IPFS can work in partitioned networks, does
not need a stable connection to the rest of the web in order to access content. Even if a
node fails, it only takes one node adding the content in order to restore availability, not
relying on single point of failure. Files on IPFS are content addressed (hash of the file
contents) providing versioning guarantees.
Credito synchronizes data across sources and combines merchant data from activity across
banks ensuring account models are complete, continuous offline processing is separated
from real-time scoring. Credito Scoring provides real-time transaction scoring abilities and
Collector simply passes transactions to the IPFS without scoring.
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3.8 On-demand Decentralized Analytics
Credito Analytic Engine is continually evolving and provides on-demand decentralized
analytics to third-parties, like Banks, Financial Institutions, Data Scientists and reports a
detailed insight of the transaction trends and patterns.
3.8.1 On-ChainOff-ChainComponents
Credito maintains two On-Chain contracts "Credito Scoring Contract" and "Credito Leasing
Contract" which we refer to as CSC and CLC respectively.
CSC is responsible for validating third party requests by keeping track of the Creditoken
balance and usage metrics.
CLC is responsible for monitoring the analytic node network’s SLA metrics and allocating
nodes to the CSC requests.
Third parties interact with CSC requesting for analytic resources with an estimated
bandwidth and lease time. CSC then calculates the fee for the service based on the
bandwidth usage reducing further On-Chain Interactions for the Lease Time
On successful allocation, the data will be pushed into the Credito Analytic Engine, the Off-
Chain component which encrypts and stores the data on IPFS. Credito analytic engine
identifies relevant data and examines it for patterns, discrepancies, and anomalies by
Scrubbing, organizing, indexing, classifying and patternizing. The findings are then translated
into insights with detailed transaction scores that allow us to manage potential threats
before they occur as well as develop a proactive fraud and bribery detection environment.
The insights will be reported back as an IPFS resource.
Credito can be configured to report live transaction scores along with a details report at the
end of processing, which could be helpful in:
Detecting anomalies during transactions.
Immediately block attempts by recognised fraudsters.
Freeze accounts or cards temporarily until transactions verified with the owner.
Protect against country-specific risks.
Credito provides a third party API reference for the use of Credito Analytic Engine. This API
can be integrated into their existing infrastructure to customize reports, select the models,
emphasizing the risk profiles and variables needed to be weighed.
Credito encourages external Node operators to become a part of the Credito Network and
incentivizes them with Creditokens.
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4 CreDApp (The DecentralizedApp)
The CreDApp is decentralized marketplace serving as an interface for lenders and
borrowers.
Unlike traditional applications where the backend code is running on centralized servers, a
DApp runs on a decentralized peer-to-peer network. CreDApp guarantees trust and
transparency thereby eliminating the need of third party intermediaries.
With a vast database of verified and credit scored applicants with in the Credito network,
CreDApp provides a platform for lending and will encourage smaller and online lenders to
get up and running with in no time, saving them time and effort of identifying and verifying
each customer, enabling more competitive loans and products to customers. CreDApp
encourages lending without borders, means that anyone can agree to lend to anyone
anywhere.
Small and medium investors can combine their portfolio and start lending immediately with
zero initial costs.
4.1 Tokenization and Token Collaterals
Liquidity is the driving force behind traditional asset tokenization. Tokenization provides
digital representation of real-world assets like, Gold, Real Estate, company shares,
intellectual property, art or commodities. As the world is becoming tokenized, it won’t be
long until thousands can be moved onto the Ethereum blockchain. In future we will see
many real-word assets and cross chain assets like Bitcoin, Neo wrapped as an ERC-20
Tokens. Tokenization is growing. Today there are few dozens of ERC20 tokens that have
significant value and are traded in crypto-currency exchanges. Each week new token crowd
sales are launched and there will be even more tokens that are open for trade.
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Secured lending can be achieved with collateral. The trust has already been established by
the Credito score, with the pledged collateral the loan contract can be made completely risk
free, both for the lender and borrower, the Smart Contract stores the collateral and releases
it in instalments until the borrower has repaid the loan and the premium. Ethereum Smart
Contracts are flexible to handle any ERC-20 compatible tokens as collaterals.
4.2 Smart Collateral Management
Credito read-write oracle smart contract is specifically designed for smart collateral
management. The smart contract tracks real-time global market price from multiple data
channels to assess the valuation of the collateral, while simultaneously tracking the
borrower's loan balance. If the value of the collateral depreciates below a determined
threshold, a maintenance notice is issued to the borrower.
In the case of a maintenance notice, the borrower can either add more collateral, make an
extra payment reducing the loan balance, or do nothing and the smart contract will
automatically initiate the liquidation of a portion of the collateral in order to recalibrate.
Liquidation is an automated process in Credito, it utilizes proprietary logic to optimize trade
based on a live assessment of available liquidity, order book depth, and price across
multiple exchanges via distributed market orders for multiple currency pairs.
Credito smart credit agreement performs several loan servicing functions autonomously. It
monitors the origination of the loan, and tracks monthly payments from the borrower to the
lender. If a borrower misses a payment, the Credito automatically liquidates a portion of the
collateral and gives sale proceeds to the lender as payment on behalf of the borrower. Once
the borrower repays the loan in full, the remaining collateral is returned to the borrower.
If the value of a borrower’s collateral increases, then depending on the terms of the loan,
the borrower may have the option to
a. Add the increased value to the principal of the loan for an additional extension of credit
from the lender.
b. Withdraw excess collateral, available to the borrower depending on the agreed loan
terms at the time of loan origination.
Borrowers are not penalised for early settlement of debt. Borrowers who are unable to
increase the available principal balance of the loan have the ability to repay the loan in full
and reapply, this is subject to Lender specific borrower eligibility and refinances restrictions.
Any appreciation in the collateralized asset is retained by the borrower following the full
repayment of all outstanding loan principal, interest and fees.
4.3 Transfer to crypto debit cards
Borrowers can link their existing crypto currency debit cards to access the funds. The
address of the crypto cards will be verified after a confirmed incoming transaction. There by
making sure that the borrower owns that address as only he has access to the private key
initiate an outbound transfer. Once the address is verified it will be update in the borrower’s
profile, thereby becoming one of the Credito scoring factors.
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4.4 The Maker-Taker Lending Model
CreDApp implements Maker-Taker model, to complete a loan agreement smart contract. It
reduces the friction on the ethereum blockchain as the order processing is done off-chain
and the settlement is done on-chain, minimizing costs because transactions only occur when
value is being transferred.
The loan agreement process:
1. Maker creates a credit order in the CreDApp requesting a loan by pledging Token A
as collateral for Token B, specifying a desired interest rate, expiration time, and signs
the request.
2. CreDApp attaches the dynamic Credito report of the Maker to the request, verifies
the Maker has enough Token A and freezes them until the loan is serviced or the
credit request expires, and broadcasts the request over Credito network.
3. Taker intercepts the request and decides that they would like to fill it.
4. Taker submits the makers signed request to the Credito Network with his signature.
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5. The Credito network authenticates Maker signature, verifies that the request has not
expired and has not already been fulfilled, then creates a smart collateral
management contract by transferring the collateral to the smart contract.
6. CreDApp stores and executes the smart contract on Ethereum blockchain and Token
B will be transferred from Taker to Maker.
While it may seemunusual that the Maker(Borrower) is specifying the interest rate, keep in
mind that Takers ultimately have control over which loan requests to be fulfilled. Therefore,
Maker must set interest rate to values that satisfy the Takers associated with Credito.
During the order creation, CreDApp consults the Credito network to acquire the risk profile
of the Maker and suggests the best interest rate within the network, If Maker wants the
loan request to be fulfilled quickly he may create the order with the prefilled interest rate.
5 Creditoken - CRDT
Creditoken is an ERC20 token which serves as the Credito currency and reward system for
the Credito Network. Creditoken de-risks the lender’s investment portfolio and borrower’s
identity and Credito score. Credito network will be able to set prices and receive payment
for their services in the form of Creditoken.
Credito built in reward systemensures that the participants are rewarded for each
successful transaction. This rewarding mechanism boosts the constant evolution of the
Credito network.
5.1 Token Usage
All participants of the network will need to pay a usage fee in Creditokens which will be
burned, over the course of time this could potentially increase demand for the remaining
Creditokens.
The total amount of Creditokens burned in each transaction is directly proportional to the
decreasing supply. It will also depend on the exchange rate(s) set by the network, which will
oversee the available supply, market conditions and inform the smart contract of exchange
rates at each particular moment of payment.
Borrowers and Lenders network fee will vary based on the transaction volume and will be
calculated based on the exchange rate, we expect the fee to go up to 0.5%.
Third Parties could integrate Credito Analytic Engine or access it externally and process their
online/offline transaction data, in such case network fee will be based on the bandwidth
usage. As transaction volumes increase the network fee decreases making Credito
competitive to any other alternatives.
For example, when Credito Network is in its infancy, a credit transaction of $1000 may burn
5 Creditokens but as the network volume increases, because of the burning the supply
decreases, over time the same transaction of $1000 may burn only 0.0005 Creditokens. This
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applies to third parties as well but the calculation will be based against the bandwidth usage
rather than a currency value.
6 Conclusion:
We have introduced Credito, a decentralized network for Credit scoring, Transaction scoring
and lending. We have outlined the current issues in the market and how Credito solves the
problems leveraging blockchain and IPFS. We described Credito's unique approach to
decentralized lending and analytics. We proposed a novel solution with new features such
as security and transparency. Finally, having examined existing lending space solutions and
their shortcomings, we have exposed the need today for a system such as Credito.
Credito Design Principles and Core Values:
Decentralization, Decentralization is not only the foundation of the tamperproof properties
of blockchains, but the basis of their permissionless nature. By continuing to build
decentralized systems, we aimto further enable permissionless development within the
Credito Network. We believe that decentralization is a crucial component for a globally
thriving ecosystem with long-term sustainability.
Modularity for simple, flexible systemdesign. We appreciate the philosophy of building
small tools which do one thing well. Simple components can be easily reasoned about and
thus securely combined into larger systems. We believe that modularity not only enables
upgradable systems, but facilitates decentralization.
Secure, transparent and extensible systems. Credito is built for the community, we value
the community and will continue to engage continually with data scientists, domain experts,
academics, and security experts for peer review. We encourage testing, audits, and formal
proofs of security, all with the aim of creating a platform whose robustness and security can
support future innovations.
With these principles in mind, we look forward to extending the reach and impact of reliable
analytics, secure and transparent lending cornerstone of the Credito Network.
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7 Token distribution
In order to undertake further development, Credito will conduct a Token Generation Event
(“TGE”) and crowd sale of Creditokens, where 50 % of the Tokens will be made available for
public sale. The start date of the TGE will be announced soon, and it will allocate a total
Creditoken supply of 1 billion as follows:
8 Projecteduse of funds
9 Roadmap
A detailed roadmap will be posted when ready.
50 % sold in the Credito Token Sale
30 % reserved for Analytic Node Operators to
incentivize the ecosystem
10 % reserved for Credito Continual Development
5 % reserved for Credito Employees
5 % reserved for the Foundation Team
45 % R&D and platform development
20 % Analytic Nodes Infrastructure
15 % Regulations and Licencing
10 % Operational
5 % Product Marketing
5 % Legal