Darrell Mottley presents on creating value from innovation using intellectual property. He outlines that intellectual property includes patents, trademarks, trade secrets, and copyrights. He emphasizes the importance of collaboration between business and legal teams to develop an intellectual property strategy. The strategy should include goals, vision, and objectives. Additionally, Mottley stresses determining key markets for patent strategy and extracting value from intellectual property through licensing agreements or other vehicles. He concludes by noting future risks, such as loss of patent rights if innovations are publicly disclosed before filing in some countries.
This document summarizes a presentation on competing while collaborating (coopetition) through proprietary and open solutions. It discusses closed innovation versus open innovation models and the role of intellectual property in each. It also covers competition law considerations regarding proprietary and open innovation, standardization, and the new EU draft horizontal guidelines. The presentation concludes that most business models are hybrids and that standardization requires safeguards to prevent bottlenecks while enabling true interoperability through industry cooperation.
2010 26 aprile_counterfeit_summary of myhrvold's idea_fullF i l Zanella
The document discusses intellectual property rights and technology transfer. It provides definitions and descriptions of various intellectual property instruments like patents, trademarks, copyright, and know-how. It discusses emerging trends like open innovation ecosystems and the role of technology transfer offices in bridging research and industry. It also notes structural weaknesses in European technology transfer like smaller scale and technology transfer sometimes being considered a marginal activity compared to education and research budgets.
This document discusses various aspects of intellectual property, including patents. It defines intellectual property and the two main categories of industrial property and copyright. It then focuses on patents, explaining what they are, the rights they provide patent owners, the types of patents including utility patents, plant patents and design patents. The document also outlines the process for obtaining a patent, including filing an application and undergoing examination. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of intellectual property and patents.
This document discusses regulatory frameworks for genetically modified crops at the national and international level. It provides an overview of:
- International efforts in food safety and principles of GM food safety assessment.
- How different countries/regions like the US, Canada, EU, Argentina, India, etc. have different agencies that regulate GM crop food safety and environmental release. The definitions of GMOs also vary between countries' laws.
- India's regulatory framework is established under the Environment Protection Act 1986. Key agencies involved include GEAC, RCGM and SBCC. Guidelines development involves expert consultation and consideration of research.
- The process for developing a GM crop in India involves extensive molecular, compositional and safety assessment
A presentation made by Dr Gordon McConnachie, CTO of APICC on the development prospect of Innovation & Technology, Technology Transfer and Technology Commercialization in Hong Kong.
This document discusses technology transfer and intellectual property. It defines technology transfer as the process of transforming research and development results into marketable products or services. It outlines the critical steps from invention to commercialization, including intellectual property protection, proof of concept development, startup formation, venture capital funding, and growth. It emphasizes the challenges of moving an idea from theory to practice and stresses the importance of understanding markets, intellectual property, and deal structuring to successfully transfer technology.
A presentation on Hong Kong's potential as an "IP Trading Centre" alone vs a more complete picture of turning Hong Kong into an "IP and Technology Commercialization and Technology Tranfer Centre".
Yoav Leitersdorf founded, grew, and successfully sold 3 tech businesses. He is now the managing partner of YL Ventures, a venture capital fund that invests in European and Israeli internet and software companies. YL Ventures aims to accelerate company growth and arrange rapid acquisitions within 2 years based on pre-conceived exit strategies. Innovation thrives in countries like the US and Israel due to support for entrepreneurship through investment, education, and favorable policies.
This document summarizes a presentation on competing while collaborating (coopetition) through proprietary and open solutions. It discusses closed innovation versus open innovation models and the role of intellectual property in each. It also covers competition law considerations regarding proprietary and open innovation, standardization, and the new EU draft horizontal guidelines. The presentation concludes that most business models are hybrids and that standardization requires safeguards to prevent bottlenecks while enabling true interoperability through industry cooperation.
2010 26 aprile_counterfeit_summary of myhrvold's idea_fullF i l Zanella
The document discusses intellectual property rights and technology transfer. It provides definitions and descriptions of various intellectual property instruments like patents, trademarks, copyright, and know-how. It discusses emerging trends like open innovation ecosystems and the role of technology transfer offices in bridging research and industry. It also notes structural weaknesses in European technology transfer like smaller scale and technology transfer sometimes being considered a marginal activity compared to education and research budgets.
This document discusses various aspects of intellectual property, including patents. It defines intellectual property and the two main categories of industrial property and copyright. It then focuses on patents, explaining what they are, the rights they provide patent owners, the types of patents including utility patents, plant patents and design patents. The document also outlines the process for obtaining a patent, including filing an application and undergoing examination. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of intellectual property and patents.
This document discusses regulatory frameworks for genetically modified crops at the national and international level. It provides an overview of:
- International efforts in food safety and principles of GM food safety assessment.
- How different countries/regions like the US, Canada, EU, Argentina, India, etc. have different agencies that regulate GM crop food safety and environmental release. The definitions of GMOs also vary between countries' laws.
- India's regulatory framework is established under the Environment Protection Act 1986. Key agencies involved include GEAC, RCGM and SBCC. Guidelines development involves expert consultation and consideration of research.
- The process for developing a GM crop in India involves extensive molecular, compositional and safety assessment
A presentation made by Dr Gordon McConnachie, CTO of APICC on the development prospect of Innovation & Technology, Technology Transfer and Technology Commercialization in Hong Kong.
This document discusses technology transfer and intellectual property. It defines technology transfer as the process of transforming research and development results into marketable products or services. It outlines the critical steps from invention to commercialization, including intellectual property protection, proof of concept development, startup formation, venture capital funding, and growth. It emphasizes the challenges of moving an idea from theory to practice and stresses the importance of understanding markets, intellectual property, and deal structuring to successfully transfer technology.
A presentation on Hong Kong's potential as an "IP Trading Centre" alone vs a more complete picture of turning Hong Kong into an "IP and Technology Commercialization and Technology Tranfer Centre".
Yoav Leitersdorf founded, grew, and successfully sold 3 tech businesses. He is now the managing partner of YL Ventures, a venture capital fund that invests in European and Israeli internet and software companies. YL Ventures aims to accelerate company growth and arrange rapid acquisitions within 2 years based on pre-conceived exit strategies. Innovation thrives in countries like the US and Israel due to support for entrepreneurship through investment, education, and favorable policies.
Translating intellectual assets into impact – Building innovation capacity wi...SAFIPA
A unit of the CSIR:
- Impact through research, development (R&D) and
Innovation in the information and communication
technology (ICT) and the application thereof
• Established in April 2005 – now the largest
concentration of ICT Researchers in South Africa
- 247 staff and students in two main locations in
Pretoria and Cape Town
- Active international R&D collaboration with partners
in Africa, Europe and Asia
• CSIR Meraka Institute produces:
- Local experts in ICT
- Local ICT technology
- Local innovations
The document discusses that the future of enterprise lies in Asia, with a focus on China, India, and Southeast Asia. It states that the future is in Asia, so the future of enterprise is Asian enterprise. It lists 3 areas of interest as China, India, and Southeast Asia.
Lecture 10 - Innovation studies and technology policyUNU.MERIT
This document discusses innovation policy, providing definitions and discussing trends over time. It covers the main objectives of innovation policy as promoting new products, services, and processes in markets and organizations. Innovation policy aims to impact economic performance and social cohesion. The document also outlines various policy instruments and trends in innovation policy from the 1960s to the 1990s, including a shift towards an innovation-driven economy.
Presentation by Dr. Larry Schmitt, CEO - Inovo, specifically elaborating the ADOPTS process and concepts like ‘Mind of the Customer’ and ‘Persona Modeling’
Presented at Innovative Europe Conference in Gdansk, Poland, October 2014. Discusses 10 things that changed the world of intellectual property, and recent IP management trends.
The document discusses innovation, entrepreneurship, and smart business models. It defines innovation as an invention paired with a process and market. Entrepreneurship is described as a process, not a person, and as being about large companies that happen to be small, not small businesses. Entrepreneurship bridges the gap between technology/opportunity and value. Technology entrepreneurship requires both technology entrepreneurship skills and management skills at different stages. It also discusses the importance of teamwork in entrepreneurship and the technology adoption lifecycle curve.
The document describes a new online service called Ants2Ants that provides online reputation monitoring and project presentation for property development companies. It aims to address issues with existing solutions by offering an affordable way for developers to promote their projects and monitor their online reputation, while also creating an actual database of development projects to connect developers and investors. Developers can register their projects and get updated information on their company, projects and employees, while inviting potential investors to view projects and connecting all users to new investment opportunities. The service is currently in beta testing and offering founders discounted access to provide feedback and help the platform improve.
The document discusses career opportunities in the growing Indian real estate sector. It notes that real estate currently accounts for 5% of India's GDP and is the second largest employer after agriculture. By 2020, India is projected to become the third largest construction market in the world. The sector provides jobs for over 33 million people currently, expected to reach 83 million by 2022. There is high demand for trained professionals in areas like project development, construction management, real estate marketing and sales, home loans, and other allied services. The document outlines the various career paths and job profiles available across real estate development companies, home finance firms, and allied services providers. It emphasizes the need for industry-specific skills and training to secure opportunities in this
Alexander Taub has extensive experience in startup business development. He has led business development at Aviary, Inc., a leading online design application provider, securing many education and third-party partnerships. Previously, he led business development for Media/And, an online video startup, closing deals with many media companies. He also initiated ETM Media, a digital media kiosk venture. Taub has worked in entertainment at MTV Networks and holds a B.A. in Economics from Yeshiva University.
More Related Content
Similar to Creating Value from Innovation using Intellectual Property
Translating intellectual assets into impact – Building innovation capacity wi...SAFIPA
A unit of the CSIR:
- Impact through research, development (R&D) and
Innovation in the information and communication
technology (ICT) and the application thereof
• Established in April 2005 – now the largest
concentration of ICT Researchers in South Africa
- 247 staff and students in two main locations in
Pretoria and Cape Town
- Active international R&D collaboration with partners
in Africa, Europe and Asia
• CSIR Meraka Institute produces:
- Local experts in ICT
- Local ICT technology
- Local innovations
The document discusses that the future of enterprise lies in Asia, with a focus on China, India, and Southeast Asia. It states that the future is in Asia, so the future of enterprise is Asian enterprise. It lists 3 areas of interest as China, India, and Southeast Asia.
Lecture 10 - Innovation studies and technology policyUNU.MERIT
This document discusses innovation policy, providing definitions and discussing trends over time. It covers the main objectives of innovation policy as promoting new products, services, and processes in markets and organizations. Innovation policy aims to impact economic performance and social cohesion. The document also outlines various policy instruments and trends in innovation policy from the 1960s to the 1990s, including a shift towards an innovation-driven economy.
Presentation by Dr. Larry Schmitt, CEO - Inovo, specifically elaborating the ADOPTS process and concepts like ‘Mind of the Customer’ and ‘Persona Modeling’
Presented at Innovative Europe Conference in Gdansk, Poland, October 2014. Discusses 10 things that changed the world of intellectual property, and recent IP management trends.
The document discusses innovation, entrepreneurship, and smart business models. It defines innovation as an invention paired with a process and market. Entrepreneurship is described as a process, not a person, and as being about large companies that happen to be small, not small businesses. Entrepreneurship bridges the gap between technology/opportunity and value. Technology entrepreneurship requires both technology entrepreneurship skills and management skills at different stages. It also discusses the importance of teamwork in entrepreneurship and the technology adoption lifecycle curve.
The document describes a new online service called Ants2Ants that provides online reputation monitoring and project presentation for property development companies. It aims to address issues with existing solutions by offering an affordable way for developers to promote their projects and monitor their online reputation, while also creating an actual database of development projects to connect developers and investors. Developers can register their projects and get updated information on their company, projects and employees, while inviting potential investors to view projects and connecting all users to new investment opportunities. The service is currently in beta testing and offering founders discounted access to provide feedback and help the platform improve.
The document discusses career opportunities in the growing Indian real estate sector. It notes that real estate currently accounts for 5% of India's GDP and is the second largest employer after agriculture. By 2020, India is projected to become the third largest construction market in the world. The sector provides jobs for over 33 million people currently, expected to reach 83 million by 2022. There is high demand for trained professionals in areas like project development, construction management, real estate marketing and sales, home loans, and other allied services. The document outlines the various career paths and job profiles available across real estate development companies, home finance firms, and allied services providers. It emphasizes the need for industry-specific skills and training to secure opportunities in this
Alexander Taub has extensive experience in startup business development. He has led business development at Aviary, Inc., a leading online design application provider, securing many education and third-party partnerships. Previously, he led business development for Media/And, an online video startup, closing deals with many media companies. He also initiated ETM Media, a digital media kiosk venture. Taub has worked in entertainment at MTV Networks and holds a B.A. in Economics from Yeshiva University.
Similar to Creating Value from Innovation using Intellectual Property (9)
Creating Value from Innovation using Intellectual Property
1. Primer on
Creating
Value from
Innovation
Using
Intellectual
Property
Darrell G. Mottley
dmottley@bannerwitcoff.com
50 Most Important African Americans in Technology January 15, 2011
2. ABOUT THE PRESENTER
• Darrell G. Mottley is principal shareholder of the Law Firm of
Banner & Witcoff LTD and practices in the firm’s Washington
D.C. office. He is the President-Elect of the District of
Columbia Bar for the 2010-2011 term. He is an intellectual
property lawyer focusing on patent and trademark cases,
including design law, opinions, licensing and litigation.
Darrell is a contributing author of the Annual Review of
Intellectual Property Law Developments: 2006-2008; 2008-
2009 and the Public Contract Law Journal, both publications
of the American Bar Association. He is a Fellow of the
dmottley@bannerwitcoff.com American Bar Foundation.
202-824-3000
Social Network Contacts:
• Darrell earned his law degree, with honors, from The George
Twitter: @darrellmottley Washington University in 2000; his Masters of Business
Facebook: darrell mottley Administration (MBA) in 1994, and his B.S. Engineering in
Linkedin/in/darrellmottley 1987 from Virginia Tech, where he was Phi Kappa Phi. He is
admitted to practice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office and courts in the District of Columbia, Virginia, New
Jersey, and the Federal and Fourth Circuits.
2 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
3. ROADMAP
Creating Value from Innovation
• OVERVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Rights
• BUSINESS OF IP
Teamwork with Legal and Business
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGY
Goals, Vision, Objectives
• PATENT STRATEGY
Value Drivers
INTELLE
CREATIN CTUAL P
• EXTRACTING VALUE FROM IP G VALU
E
ROPERT
FROM I Y
NNOVA
Example Vehicles TION
• RISKS AHEAD
Future Trends
3 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
4. Intellectual Property Overview
Patents Trade Secrets
Trademarks
Copyrights
4 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
7. 7 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
8. ROADMAP
Creating Value from Innovation
• OVERVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Rights
• BUSINESS OF IP
Teamwork with Legal and Business
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGY
Goals, Vision, Objectives
• PATENT STRATEGY
Value Drivers
INTELLE
CREATIN CTUAL P
• EXTRACTING VALUE FROM IP G VALU
E
ROPERT
FROM I Y
NNOVA
Example Vehicles TION
• RISKS AHEAD
Future Trends
8 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
9. INNOVATION VALUE PROCESS
Strategy
Business
Legal
Technology Value Creation
Intellectual
Property
9 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
10. 10 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
11. ROADMAP
Creating Value from Innovation
• OVERVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Rights
• BUSINESS OF IP
Teamwork with Legal and Business
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGY
Goals, Vision, Objectives
• PATENT STRATEGY
Value Drivers
INTELLE
CREATIN CTUAL P
• EXTRACTING VALUE FROM IP G VALU
E
ROPERT
FROM I Y
NNOVA
Example Vehicles TION
• RISKS AHEAD
Future Trends
11 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
16. Avoid Loss of Patent Rights
• One public disclosure can terminate patent
rights outside of U.S. – Beware
SOME COUNTRIES WHERE ABSOLUTE NOVELTY IS A CONCERN
African Union Barbados Cuba France Luxembourg South Africa
Albania Bolivia Czech Republic Germany Malaysia Spain
Algeria Brazil Denmark Guatemala Malta Sri Lanka
Argentina Bulgaria Dominican Republic Guernsey Mexico Sweden
ARIPO Canada Ecuador Guinea Monaco Syria
Aruba Chile El Salvador Honduras Mongolia Taiwan
Australia Colombia Estonia Hungary Morocco Tunisia
Austria Congo (Zaire) European Patent Org. Iceland Tangier Zone Turkey
Bahamas Costa Rica Finland India Netherlands United Kingdom
Iran Netherlands Antilles Uruguay
Iraq Nigeria Venezuela
Ireland Norway Vietnam
Israel Peru Yemen, Republic of
Italy Poland Yugoslavia
Japan Portugal Zambia
Kenya Romania Zimbabwe
South Korea Russian Federation
Lebanon Singapore
Lesotho Slovak Republic
16 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
17. ROADMAP
Creating Value from Innovation
• OVERVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Rights
• BUSINESS OF IP
Teamwork with Legal and Business
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGY
Goals, Vision, Objectives
• PATENT STRATEGY
Value Drivers
INTELLE
CREATIN CTUAL P
• EXTRACTING VALUE FROM IP G VALU
E
ROPERT
FROM I Y
NNOVA
Example Vehicles TION
• RISKS AHEAD
Future Trends
17 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
18. Patent Value Strategy
18 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
19. Economics of IP Assets
“ U.S. intellectual property is worth $5 Trillion to
$5.5 Trillion…that’s more than the gross
”
domestic product of any other country.
- Dave Kappos Blog Post in Business Week.com, March 28, 2007
(citing economists Kevin Hassertt and Robert Shapiro)
19 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
20. Innovation Patent Value – Ex. Drivers
20 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
21. 21 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
22. INNOVATION IP VALUE – QUESTIONS
22 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
23. 23 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
24. ROADMAP
Creating Value from Innovation
• OVERVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Rights
• BUSINESS OF IP
Teamwork with Legal and Business
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGY
Goals, Vision, Objectives
• PATENT STRATEGY
Value Drivers
INTELLE
CREATIN CTUAL P
• EXTRACTING VALUE FROM IP G VALU
E
ROPERT
FROM I Y
NNOVA
Example Vehicles TION
• RISKS AHEAD
Future Trends
24 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
25. Intellectual Property
Extracting Value Strategies
25 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
26. LITIGATION
26 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
27. LITIGATION
Estimated Cost
Estimated Cost
of Patent
of Patent
Infringement
Infringement
Litigation
Litigation
$1-$25M at Risk
$1-$25M at Risk
Median $2.5M
Median $2.5M
>$25M at Risk
>$25M at Risk
Median $5.5M
Median $5.5M
27 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
28. LITIGATION
• Median Patent Damage Awards – $2.4M to $10.4M
(PWHC)
Top 3 Highest Patent
Damage Awards Awards
Ending of 2009
Centocor Ortho Biotech v. Abbott Labs $1.85 Billion
Lucent v. Microsoft $1.54 Billion
Eolas Technologies v. Microsoft $521 Million
Copyright Damages Highest
Oracle v. SAP $1.3 Billion
28 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
29. LICENSING
29 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
30. IP Aids Determination of License
Business Objectives
30 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
31. PATENT POOLS
31 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
32. Patent Pools – Review Factors
32 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
33. PATENT POOLS
33 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
34. IP BASED FINANCING
• Intellectual Property – Business Asset
• Can be used as Collateral
• IP Appraisal for Valuation
• Economic environment problematic
COPYRIGHT PATENTS TRADEMARK
EXAMPLE TEXT
EXAMPLE TEXT
REGISTRATION
Go ahead and replace
REGS.
Go ahead and replace
it with your own text.
it with your own text.
34 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
35. IP AUCTIONS
35 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
36. 36 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
37. ROADMAP
Creating Value from Innovation
• OVERVIEW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Rights
• BUSINESS OF IP
Teamwork with Legal and Business
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STRATEGY
Goals, Vision, Objectives
• PATENT STRATEGY
Value Drivers
INTELLE
CREATIN CTUAL P
• EXTRACTING VALUE FROM IP G VALU
E
ROPERT
FROM I Y
NNOVA
Example Vehicles TION
• RISKS AHEAD
Future Trends
37 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
38. CRITICAL ISSUES
38 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
39. 39 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
40. 40 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
41. Disclaimer – For Illustrative Purposes Only
This presentation has been prepared for discussion purposes
only in connection with this educational presentation.
Illustrative scenarios were prepared to encourage group
participation and discussion. None of the material contained
in this presentation represents the views or opinions of
Banner Witcoff, LTD or sponsoring organization.
This presentation is not intended to be used in litigation. As
stated above, the context of this presentation is educational
and not specific to any particular litigation. Because each
intellectual property litigation is specific to its own fact
situation; it would be unwise and even misleading to take a
passage of static words or slides from this presentation and
assume that it can be applied to a particular circumstance
without applying reasoned judgment to the specific facts and
circumstances of the situation.
41 Darrell G. Mottley | 50 Most Important African Americans in Technology| January 15, 2011
42. Primer on Creating
Value from
Innovation
Darrell G. Mottley
www.bannerwitcoff.com
CHICAGO, IL WASHINGTON, DC BOSTON, MA PORTLAND, OR
Ten South Wacker Drive 1100 13th Street NW 28 State Street 601 S.W. Second Avenue
Suite 3000 Suite 1200 Suite 1800 Suite 1900
Chicago, IL 6060 Washington, DC 20005 Boston, MA 02109 Portland, OR 97204
T 312.463.5000 T 202.824.3000 T 617.720.9600 T 503.425.6800
F 312.463.5001 F 202.824.3001 F 617.720.9601 F 503.425.6801
50 Most Important African Americans in Technology
January 15, 2011