This document discusses the structure of C++ programs and the development environment. It covers:
- C++ programs are made up of source code files with .cpp extensions containing function definitions, and header files with .h extensions containing declarations.
- The main() function is where program execution begins. It can take command line arguments which are passed via the argc and argv parameters.
- Common elements of C++ programs include #include directives to import headers, namespaces like std, and output streams like cout.
- C++ code is compiled into object files then linked together into an executable program. Development environments help with building, debugging, and submitting code.
Object oriented programming 7 first steps in oop using c++Vaibhav Khanna
Advantages of C++
Portability. C++ offers the feature of portability or platform independence which allows the user to run the same program on different operating systems or interfaces at ease. ...
Object-oriented. ...
Multi-paradigm. ...
Low-level Manipulation. ...
Memory Management. ...
Large Community Support. ...
Compatibility with C. ...
Scalability.
Object oriented programming 7 first steps in oop using c++Vaibhav Khanna
Advantages of C++
Portability. C++ offers the feature of portability or platform independence which allows the user to run the same program on different operating systems or interfaces at ease. ...
Object-oriented. ...
Multi-paradigm. ...
Low-level Manipulation. ...
Memory Management. ...
Large Community Support. ...
Compatibility with C. ...
Scalability.
Presentation with a brief history of C, C++ and their ancestors along with an introduction to latest version C++11 and futures such as C++17. The presentation covers applications that use C++, C++11 compilers such as LLVM/Clang, some of the new language features in C++11 and C++17 and examples of modern idioms such as the new form compressions, initializer lists, lambdas, compile time type identification, improved memory management and improved standard library (threads, math, random, chrono, etc). (less == more) || (more == more)
I prepared these slides for the student of FSC BSC BS Computer science.these slides are very easily understanding the concept of programming in C++.All topics are clear with the help of examples easy in reading the topic and understanding the logic.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Presentation with a brief history of C, C++ and their ancestors along with an introduction to latest version C++11 and futures such as C++17. The presentation covers applications that use C++, C++11 compilers such as LLVM/Clang, some of the new language features in C++11 and C++17 and examples of modern idioms such as the new form compressions, initializer lists, lambdas, compile time type identification, improved memory management and improved standard library (threads, math, random, chrono, etc). (less == more) || (more == more)
I prepared these slides for the student of FSC BSC BS Computer science.these slides are very easily understanding the concept of programming in C++.All topics are clear with the help of examples easy in reading the topic and understanding the logic.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
C++_programs.ppt
1. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
C++ Program Structure (and tools)
Today we’ll talk generally about C++
development (plus a few platform specifics)
• We’ll develop, submit, and grade code in Windows
• It’s also helpful to become familiar with Linux
– E.g., on shell.cec.wustl.edu
• For example, running code through two different
compilers can catch a lot more “easy to make” errors
2. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
Writing a C++ Program
C++ source files
(ASCII text) .cpp
Programmer
(you)
emacs
editor
C++ header files
(ASCII text) .h
1 source file
=
1 compilation unit
Makefile
(ASCII text)
Also: .C .cxx .cc
Also: .H .hxx .hpp
readme
(ASCII text)
Eclipse
Visual Studio
3. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
What Goes Into a C++ Program?
• Declarations: data types, function signatures, classes
– Allows the compiler to check for type safety, correct syntax
– Usually kept in “header” (.h) files
– Included as needed by other files (to keep compiler happy)
class Simple { typedef unsigned int UINT32;
public:
Simple (int i); int usage (char * program_name);
void print_i ();
private: struct Point2D {
int i_; double x_;
}; double y_;
};
• Definitions: static variable initialization, function implementation
– The part that turns into an executable program
– Usually kept in “source” (.cpp) files
void Simple::print_i ()
{
cout << “i_ is ” << i_ << endl;
}
• Directives: tell compiler (or precompiler) to do something
– More on this later
4. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
A Very Simple C++ Program
#include <iostream> // precompiler directive
using namespace std; // compiler directive
// definition of function named “main”
int main (int, char *[])
{
cout << “hello, world!” << endl;
return 0;
}
5. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
What is #include <iostream> ?
• #include tells the precompiler to include a file
• Usually, we include header files
– Contain declarations of structs, classes, functions
• Sometimes we include template definitions
– Varies from compiler to compiler
– Advanced topic we’ll cover later in the semester
• <iostream> is the C++ label for a standard
header file for input and output streams
6. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
What is using namespace std; ?
• The using directive tells the compiler to include
code from libraries that have separate namespaces
– Similar idea to “packages” in other languages
• C++ provides a namespace for its standard library
– Called the “standard namespace” (written as std)
– cout, cin, and cerr standard iostreams, and much more
• Namespaces reduce collisions between symbols
– Rely on the :: scoping operator to match symbols to them
– If another library with namespace mylib defined cout we
could say std::cout vs. mylib::cout
• Can also apply using more selectively:
– E.g., just using std::cout
7. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
What is int main (int, char*[]) { ... } ?
• Defines the main function of any C++ program
• Who calls main?
– The runtime environment, specifically a function often called
something like crt0 or crtexe
• What about the stuff in parentheses?
– A list of types of the input arguments to function main
– With the function name, makes up its signature
– Since this version of main ignores any inputs, we leave off
names of the input variables, and only give their types
• What about the stuff in braces?
– It’s the body of function main, its definition
8. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
What’s cout << “hello, world!” << endl; ?
• Uses the standard output iostream, named cout
– For standard input, use cin
– For standard error, use cerr
• << is an operator for inserting into the stream
– A member operator of the ostream class
– Returns a reference to stream on which its called
– Can be applied repeatedly to references left-to-right
• “hello, world!” is a C-style string
– A 14-postion character array terminated by ‘0’
• endl is an iostream manipulator
– Ends the line, by inserting end-of-line character(s)
– Also flushes the stream
9. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
What about return 0; ?
• The main function should return an integer
– By convention it should return 0 for success
– And a non-zero value to indicate failure
• The program should not exit any other way
– Letting an exception propagate uncaught
– Dividing by zero
– Dereferencing a null pointer
– Accessing memory not owned by the program
• Indexing an array “out of range” can do this
• Dereferencing a “stray” pointer can do this
10. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
A Slightly Bigger C++ Program
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main (int argc, char * argv[])
{
for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
{
cout << argv[i] << endl;
}
return 0;
}
11. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
int argc, char * argv[]
• A way to affect the program’s behavior
– Carry parameters with which program was called
– Passed as parameters to main from crt0
– Passed by value (we’ll discuss what that means)
• argc
– An integer with the number of parameters (>=1)
• argv
– An array of pointers to C-style character strings
– Its array-length is the value stored in argc
– The name of the program is kept in argv[0]
12. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
• Standard (basic) C++ for loop syntax
– Initialization statement done once at start of loop
– Test expression done before running each time
– Expression to increment after running each time
• int i = 0
– Declares integer i (scope is the loop itself)
– Initializes i to hold value 0 (not an assignment!)
• i < argc
– Tests whether or not we’re still inside the array!
– Reading/writing memory we don’t own can crash the
program (if we’re really lucky!)
• ++i
– increments the array position (why prefix?)
13. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
{cout << argv[i] << endl;}
• Body of the for loop
• I strongly prefer to use braces with for, if,
while, etc., even w/ single-statement body
– Avoids maintenance errors when
adding/modifying code
– Ensures semantics/indentation say same thing
• argv[i]
– An example of array indexing
– Specifies ith position from start of argv
14. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
Lifecycle of a C++ Program
C++
source code
Makefile
Programmer
(you)
object code
(binary, one per compilation unit) .o
make
“make” utility
xterm
console/terminal/window
Runtime/utility
libraries
(binary) .lib .a .dll .so
gcc, etc.
compiler
link
linker
E-mail
executable
program
Eclipse
debugger
precompiler
compiler
turnin/checkin
An “IDE”
WebCAT
Visual Studio
window
15. CSE 332: C++ program structure and development environment
Development Environment Studio
• We’ll follow a similar format most days in the course
– Around 30 minutes of lecture and discussion
– Then about 60 minutes of studio time
– Except for open studio/lab days, reviews before the
midterm and final, and the day of the midterm itself
• In the studios, please work in groups of 2 or 3
– Exercises are posted on the course web page
– Record your answers to the exercises, and e-mail your
answers to the course account when you’re done
– We’ll migrate throughout the studio to answer questions
• Use studio time to develop skills and understanding
– A good chance to explore ideas you can use for the labs
– Exams will test understanding of the studio material
– You’re encouraged to try variations beyond the exercises