1. Mainland Chinese hospitals are offering unproven and untested stem-cell therapies to treat many incurable diseases, appealing to the hopes of desperate patients.
2. While scientific progress is being made, many claims by hospitals about curing diseases are overstated and not backed by evidence from reputable medical journals.
3. The source of stem cells for many treatments and research projects in China is fetal tissue from abortions, obtained without proper informed consent.
1) ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes motor neuron death leading to muscle paralysis and death, usually within 2-5 years of diagnosis.
2) Current treatments only manage symptoms and do not stop the underlying progression of the disease. Regenerative medicine approaches aim to regenerate lost motor neurons to halt progression.
3) Several regenerative medicine companies are investigating stem cell therapies for ALS, with the goal of slowing motor neuron death and preserving function. These innovative approaches could potentially improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs compared to current symptom management only treatments.
This document summarizes research on using stem cells to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). It discusses how endogenous neural stem cells in the brain respond to TBI by increasing proliferation. It also reviews studies transplanting various stem cell types into TBI models, including mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, finding improved outcomes. Challenges include ensuring safety and reducing inflammation. Stem cells show promise for enhancing regeneration after TBI.
The document summarizes results from the 22nd matchday of the men's football league CTO.BENJAMIN FUTBOL-7 B - Go 6o. VALENCIA C.F. "F" defeated SEDAVI U.E. "B" 11-2 and remain in first place with 66 points. SPORTING C.F. TORRENT "B" beat F.B.C.D. CATARROJA "B" 3-1 and are in third. F.S. PICASSENT "B" defeated C.D. BUÑOL "B" 5-0 and are in seventh place.
Pon un "Me Gusta" en la página "Vida Saludable" para acceder a comentarios, artículos y hacer preguntas sobre cómo realizar una rutina de gimnasia y cuidar tu salud.
El documento resume las causas y consecuencias del cambio climático, incluyendo cómo las actividades humanas como la industrialización y deforestación han contribuido al problema. También explica el efecto invernadero y los gases que lo causan, así como las medidas que los gobiernos y acuerdos internacionales como el Protocolo de Kioto intentan implementar para reducir las emisiones y mitigar el cambio climático.
O documento lista os requisitos e documentos necessários para participação no edital tanto para pessoas físicas quanto jurídicas. Para pessoas físicas, são solicitados documentos de identificação, comprovantes de endereço e situação fiscal e trabalhista. Já para pessoas jurídicas, pede-se documentação da empresa como CNPJ, contrato social e certidões fiscais, além de documentos do representante legal. Ambos devem fornecer termo de compromisso.
1) ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes motor neuron death leading to muscle paralysis and death, usually within 2-5 years of diagnosis.
2) Current treatments only manage symptoms and do not stop the underlying progression of the disease. Regenerative medicine approaches aim to regenerate lost motor neurons to halt progression.
3) Several regenerative medicine companies are investigating stem cell therapies for ALS, with the goal of slowing motor neuron death and preserving function. These innovative approaches could potentially improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs compared to current symptom management only treatments.
This document summarizes research on using stem cells to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). It discusses how endogenous neural stem cells in the brain respond to TBI by increasing proliferation. It also reviews studies transplanting various stem cell types into TBI models, including mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, finding improved outcomes. Challenges include ensuring safety and reducing inflammation. Stem cells show promise for enhancing regeneration after TBI.
The document summarizes results from the 22nd matchday of the men's football league CTO.BENJAMIN FUTBOL-7 B - Go 6o. VALENCIA C.F. "F" defeated SEDAVI U.E. "B" 11-2 and remain in first place with 66 points. SPORTING C.F. TORRENT "B" beat F.B.C.D. CATARROJA "B" 3-1 and are in third. F.S. PICASSENT "B" defeated C.D. BUÑOL "B" 5-0 and are in seventh place.
Pon un "Me Gusta" en la página "Vida Saludable" para acceder a comentarios, artículos y hacer preguntas sobre cómo realizar una rutina de gimnasia y cuidar tu salud.
El documento resume las causas y consecuencias del cambio climático, incluyendo cómo las actividades humanas como la industrialización y deforestación han contribuido al problema. También explica el efecto invernadero y los gases que lo causan, así como las medidas que los gobiernos y acuerdos internacionales como el Protocolo de Kioto intentan implementar para reducir las emisiones y mitigar el cambio climático.
O documento lista os requisitos e documentos necessários para participação no edital tanto para pessoas físicas quanto jurídicas. Para pessoas físicas, são solicitados documentos de identificação, comprovantes de endereço e situação fiscal e trabalhista. Já para pessoas jurídicas, pede-se documentação da empresa como CNPJ, contrato social e certidões fiscais, além de documentos do representante legal. Ambos devem fornecer termo de compromisso.
O documento discute como a abordagem do Balanced Scorecard pode ser aprimorada ao incorporar perspectivas da Gestão do Conhecimento, reconhecendo que os ativos intangíveis como conhecimento tácito, aprendizado e inovação são fundamentais para diferenciação competitiva. No entanto, os autores do Balanced Scorecard tendem a adotar medidas simplistas demais para avaliar esses fatores, que na verdade envolvem processos complexos e sociais.
This document outlines the dues, fees, and charges for a Non-Resident Signature Golf Membership at a club for the year 2007. Annual dues are $9,750 and are prorated monthly based on acceptance date. Green fees for 18 holes of golf range from $105-$197 depending on whether guests are accompanied by a member or not. Additional fees include $22 per person for a golf cart and fees for use of other club amenities like the trailhead and spa. All fees are subject to applicable taxes and are subject to change at the club's discretion.
The document provides a template for assessing risks associated with film production activities. It instructs the user to identify all potential hazards in each scene, who or what may be harmed, existing controls, and assigns a risk level based on likelihood and consequences. An example risk assessment is given for a scene involving water, with the hazard identified as the water itself and the risk level determined to be moderate. Weather changes and traffic are also provided as examples of hazards to consider and assess. A chart is included to help define the risk levels as extreme, high, moderate, or low depending on the likelihood and severity of consequences.
La bioética provee pautas para un comportamiento ético respecto a la vida humana y no humana. Aborda temas como el suicidio, la eutanasia, el aborto. El suicidio es el acto de causarse la muerte a uno mismo. La eutanasia es la acción para evitar sufrimientos a personas próximas a morir, ya sea con o sin su permiso. El aborto es la interrupción prematura del embarazo, pudiendo ser inducido o espontáneo.
Este documento describe las ventajas del teléfono Samsung Galaxy Note. Ofrece funciones como reuniones profesionales móviles a través de Cisco WebEx, una gran pantalla táctil HD, un organizador de calendario intuitivo, la capacidad de tomar notas con un stylus, personalizar fotos y videos, y seguridad integral para negocios. En conclusión, el Galaxy Note facilita la vida diaria y el trabajo ya que todo puede hacerse en un solo dispositivo.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de motores de búsqueda y operadores booleanos. Explica que los motores de búsqueda son sistemas que indexan páginas web usando "robots" y permiten búsquedas por palabras clave. También cubre metabuscadores, que combinan los resultados de varios motores de búsqueda principales, y los operadores booleanos como AND, OR y NOT que se usan para realizar búsquedas más específicas.
El documento define los conceptos de población, muestra y variable en el contexto de estudios estadísticos. Explica que la población es el conjunto total de elementos a estudiar, la muestra es un subconjunto de la población que permitirá extraer conclusiones sobre la población completa, y la variable es una característica o propiedad de lo que se estudia. Luego, proporciona dos ejemplos ilustrativos que aplican estos conceptos a encuestas realizadas en Chile y Concepción.
Este documento presenta cuatro experimentos sobre soluciones químicas y la disolución de diferentes solutos en varios solventes. Cada experimento describe el soluto y el solvente utilizado y formula una pregunta sobre cómo la temperatura afecta el proceso de disolución. Los experimentos incluyen el Alka Seltzer disuelto en agua, tinta de marcador en agua, tinta de lapicero en agua y agua disuelta en jugo de naranja.
Phóng xạ cực tím (hay tia tử ngoại, Ultraviolet, viết
tắt UV) chủ yếu đến từ mặt trời như một phần của
phổ điện từ (ánh sáng). Các tia cực tím có các bước
sóng ngắn hơn các tia hữu hình, vì vậy chúng ta
không thể nhìn thấy hoặc cảm thấy chúng
El documento define varios términos relacionados con la tecnología y la producción. Explica que la tecnología se refiere al conjunto de conocimientos técnicos que permiten crear bienes y servicios, y que un proceso es un conjunto de actividades coordinadas para lograr un objetivo. También describe que los materiales son los productos necesarios para llevar a cabo una tarea, mientras que las herramientas son los implementos requeridos. Finalmente, distingue que la fabricación se refiere a la creación de un producto, mientras que la
This document is a resume for Hoang Linh Tran, providing contact information, education history, skills, and experience. It summarizes that Tran is a high school graduate seeking to start a career who has strong communication and collaboration skills developed through sports and associations. Some of Tran's key strengths include attention to detail, willingness to learn, and the ability to work well with others. Technical skills include proficiency with Microsoft Office applications and web browsers. Education history includes graduating from Thu Thiem High School in 2015. Volunteer placements involved fundraising and event support through the Ho Chi Minh Youth Communist Union from 2013 to present.
The oil analysis report provides the results of testing an oil sample from a Mitsubishi generator. The test results show that the oil viscosity, additive levels, wear metals, and oxidation are all within normal limits. The report recommends continuing regular oil sampling and maintenance as specified by the manufacturer.
The therapeutic potential of stem cells from adultsbestwebsite2008
1) Adult stem cells from tissues like bone marrow, muscle, and brain have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types (multipotential), though their differentiation potential is still being defined.
2) Studies transplanting purified adult stem cells into injured tissues in animal models provide some evidence that stem cells may differentiate into cell types outside of their tissue of origin, such as bone marrow stem cells differentiating into muscle, heart, or liver cells.
3) However, further work is still needed to conclusively establish the broad differentiation potential of adult stem cells at the single-cell level and their functional utility for treating diseases, as initial studies involved transplanting multiple cell types that could account for apparent multipotential differentiation
The therapeutic potential of stem cells from adultsbestwebsite2008
1) Adult stem cells from tissues like bone marrow, muscle, and brain have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types (multipotential), though their differentiation potential is still being defined.
2) Studies transplanting purified adult stem cells into injured tissues in animal models provide some evidence that stem cells may differentiate into cell types outside of their tissue of origin, such as bone marrow stem cells differentiating into muscle, heart, or liver cells.
3) However, further work is still needed to conclusively establish the broad differentiation potential of adult stem cells at the single-cell level and their functional utility for treating diseases, as initial studies involved transplanting multiple stem cell types that could account for multi-tissue differentiation
This project presentation discusses stem cell therapy. It defines stem cells as cells that can differentiate into other cell types and self-renew to produce more stem cells. The presentation outlines the key properties, advantages, and types of stem cells. It also discusses sources of stem cells, isolation methods, stem cell division, diseases treatable by stem cell therapy, and concludes that stem cells show great promise for regenerative medicine by potentially treating many diseases.
1) Researchers at Penn State used stem cells and a modified Wnt signaling pathway to generate epicardium and endocardium cells, which could help regenerate the layers of the human heart and improve quality of life for heart attack patients.
2) A rare and severe form of encephalitis called anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis attacks NMDA receptors in the brain; a new treatment using the drug Bortezomib was found to successfully reduce antibodies and symptoms by inhibiting proteasomes.
3) Advances in regenerating heart cells and treating difficult diseases bring hope and move humanity forward as medical solutions are found for problems that were previously intractable.
Stem cells have the unique ability to renew themselves through cell division and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types. There are several types of stem cells including totipotent stem cells found shortly after fertilization, pluripotent stem cells found in early embryos, and multipotent, oligopotent, bipotent, and unipotent adult stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be generated from adult cells through genetic reprogramming. Stem cells show promise for regenerative medicine applications including treatment of heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions. Recent research has focused on using stem cells to replace insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells damaged in diabetes.
Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types and can serve as an internal repair system. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent and derived from embryos, and adult stem cells, which are multipotent and found in adult tissues. While embryonic stem cells are important for research due to their pluripotency, both types hold promise for regenerative medicine and treatments for conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and spinal cord injuries. However, more research is still needed to fully realize their clinical potential and address ethical concerns.
Dr. Jing Li, MD
Publications:
• Han X, et al. Stem cell therapy for malignant glioma: Current status and future
perspectives. Cancer Lett. 2014
• Han X, et al. Neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of glioma. J
Neurooncol. 2013
• Han X, et al. Clinical management of cerebral aneurysms. Chin Med J. 2012
• Han X, et al. Intraoperative ultrasound guidance for brain tumor resection. J
Neurosurg. 2011
• Han X, et al. Glioma vaccine: current status and future prospects. J Clin Neurosci.
2010
• Han X, et al. Gene
Ajith Thomas is the chief of cerebrovascular surgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He performs minimally invasive brain surgeries and focuses his research on using stem cells to repair brain damage from conditions like stroke and aneurysms. Thomas has pioneered a method of injecting stem cells through arteries in the brain rather than direct injection into the brain. He is building a research program at BIDMC to better understand how stem cells can repair the brain and bypass the blood-brain barrier. Thomas also works to quickly treat stroke patients and build collaborative programs to improve stroke care. He hopes to continue expanding stem cell research and clinical programs at BIDMC.
O documento discute como a abordagem do Balanced Scorecard pode ser aprimorada ao incorporar perspectivas da Gestão do Conhecimento, reconhecendo que os ativos intangíveis como conhecimento tácito, aprendizado e inovação são fundamentais para diferenciação competitiva. No entanto, os autores do Balanced Scorecard tendem a adotar medidas simplistas demais para avaliar esses fatores, que na verdade envolvem processos complexos e sociais.
This document outlines the dues, fees, and charges for a Non-Resident Signature Golf Membership at a club for the year 2007. Annual dues are $9,750 and are prorated monthly based on acceptance date. Green fees for 18 holes of golf range from $105-$197 depending on whether guests are accompanied by a member or not. Additional fees include $22 per person for a golf cart and fees for use of other club amenities like the trailhead and spa. All fees are subject to applicable taxes and are subject to change at the club's discretion.
The document provides a template for assessing risks associated with film production activities. It instructs the user to identify all potential hazards in each scene, who or what may be harmed, existing controls, and assigns a risk level based on likelihood and consequences. An example risk assessment is given for a scene involving water, with the hazard identified as the water itself and the risk level determined to be moderate. Weather changes and traffic are also provided as examples of hazards to consider and assess. A chart is included to help define the risk levels as extreme, high, moderate, or low depending on the likelihood and severity of consequences.
La bioética provee pautas para un comportamiento ético respecto a la vida humana y no humana. Aborda temas como el suicidio, la eutanasia, el aborto. El suicidio es el acto de causarse la muerte a uno mismo. La eutanasia es la acción para evitar sufrimientos a personas próximas a morir, ya sea con o sin su permiso. El aborto es la interrupción prematura del embarazo, pudiendo ser inducido o espontáneo.
Este documento describe las ventajas del teléfono Samsung Galaxy Note. Ofrece funciones como reuniones profesionales móviles a través de Cisco WebEx, una gran pantalla táctil HD, un organizador de calendario intuitivo, la capacidad de tomar notas con un stylus, personalizar fotos y videos, y seguridad integral para negocios. En conclusión, el Galaxy Note facilita la vida diaria y el trabajo ya que todo puede hacerse en un solo dispositivo.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de motores de búsqueda y operadores booleanos. Explica que los motores de búsqueda son sistemas que indexan páginas web usando "robots" y permiten búsquedas por palabras clave. También cubre metabuscadores, que combinan los resultados de varios motores de búsqueda principales, y los operadores booleanos como AND, OR y NOT que se usan para realizar búsquedas más específicas.
El documento define los conceptos de población, muestra y variable en el contexto de estudios estadísticos. Explica que la población es el conjunto total de elementos a estudiar, la muestra es un subconjunto de la población que permitirá extraer conclusiones sobre la población completa, y la variable es una característica o propiedad de lo que se estudia. Luego, proporciona dos ejemplos ilustrativos que aplican estos conceptos a encuestas realizadas en Chile y Concepción.
Este documento presenta cuatro experimentos sobre soluciones químicas y la disolución de diferentes solutos en varios solventes. Cada experimento describe el soluto y el solvente utilizado y formula una pregunta sobre cómo la temperatura afecta el proceso de disolución. Los experimentos incluyen el Alka Seltzer disuelto en agua, tinta de marcador en agua, tinta de lapicero en agua y agua disuelta en jugo de naranja.
Phóng xạ cực tím (hay tia tử ngoại, Ultraviolet, viết
tắt UV) chủ yếu đến từ mặt trời như một phần của
phổ điện từ (ánh sáng). Các tia cực tím có các bước
sóng ngắn hơn các tia hữu hình, vì vậy chúng ta
không thể nhìn thấy hoặc cảm thấy chúng
El documento define varios términos relacionados con la tecnología y la producción. Explica que la tecnología se refiere al conjunto de conocimientos técnicos que permiten crear bienes y servicios, y que un proceso es un conjunto de actividades coordinadas para lograr un objetivo. También describe que los materiales son los productos necesarios para llevar a cabo una tarea, mientras que las herramientas son los implementos requeridos. Finalmente, distingue que la fabricación se refiere a la creación de un producto, mientras que la
This document is a resume for Hoang Linh Tran, providing contact information, education history, skills, and experience. It summarizes that Tran is a high school graduate seeking to start a career who has strong communication and collaboration skills developed through sports and associations. Some of Tran's key strengths include attention to detail, willingness to learn, and the ability to work well with others. Technical skills include proficiency with Microsoft Office applications and web browsers. Education history includes graduating from Thu Thiem High School in 2015. Volunteer placements involved fundraising and event support through the Ho Chi Minh Youth Communist Union from 2013 to present.
The oil analysis report provides the results of testing an oil sample from a Mitsubishi generator. The test results show that the oil viscosity, additive levels, wear metals, and oxidation are all within normal limits. The report recommends continuing regular oil sampling and maintenance as specified by the manufacturer.
The therapeutic potential of stem cells from adultsbestwebsite2008
1) Adult stem cells from tissues like bone marrow, muscle, and brain have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types (multipotential), though their differentiation potential is still being defined.
2) Studies transplanting purified adult stem cells into injured tissues in animal models provide some evidence that stem cells may differentiate into cell types outside of their tissue of origin, such as bone marrow stem cells differentiating into muscle, heart, or liver cells.
3) However, further work is still needed to conclusively establish the broad differentiation potential of adult stem cells at the single-cell level and their functional utility for treating diseases, as initial studies involved transplanting multiple cell types that could account for apparent multipotential differentiation
The therapeutic potential of stem cells from adultsbestwebsite2008
1) Adult stem cells from tissues like bone marrow, muscle, and brain have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types (multipotential), though their differentiation potential is still being defined.
2) Studies transplanting purified adult stem cells into injured tissues in animal models provide some evidence that stem cells may differentiate into cell types outside of their tissue of origin, such as bone marrow stem cells differentiating into muscle, heart, or liver cells.
3) However, further work is still needed to conclusively establish the broad differentiation potential of adult stem cells at the single-cell level and their functional utility for treating diseases, as initial studies involved transplanting multiple stem cell types that could account for multi-tissue differentiation
This project presentation discusses stem cell therapy. It defines stem cells as cells that can differentiate into other cell types and self-renew to produce more stem cells. The presentation outlines the key properties, advantages, and types of stem cells. It also discusses sources of stem cells, isolation methods, stem cell division, diseases treatable by stem cell therapy, and concludes that stem cells show great promise for regenerative medicine by potentially treating many diseases.
1) Researchers at Penn State used stem cells and a modified Wnt signaling pathway to generate epicardium and endocardium cells, which could help regenerate the layers of the human heart and improve quality of life for heart attack patients.
2) A rare and severe form of encephalitis called anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis attacks NMDA receptors in the brain; a new treatment using the drug Bortezomib was found to successfully reduce antibodies and symptoms by inhibiting proteasomes.
3) Advances in regenerating heart cells and treating difficult diseases bring hope and move humanity forward as medical solutions are found for problems that were previously intractable.
Stem cells have the unique ability to renew themselves through cell division and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types. There are several types of stem cells including totipotent stem cells found shortly after fertilization, pluripotent stem cells found in early embryos, and multipotent, oligopotent, bipotent, and unipotent adult stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells can be generated from adult cells through genetic reprogramming. Stem cells show promise for regenerative medicine applications including treatment of heart disease, diabetes, and other conditions. Recent research has focused on using stem cells to replace insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells damaged in diabetes.
Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types and can serve as an internal repair system. There are two main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are pluripotent and derived from embryos, and adult stem cells, which are multipotent and found in adult tissues. While embryonic stem cells are important for research due to their pluripotency, both types hold promise for regenerative medicine and treatments for conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and spinal cord injuries. However, more research is still needed to fully realize their clinical potential and address ethical concerns.
Dr. Jing Li, MD
Publications:
• Han X, et al. Stem cell therapy for malignant glioma: Current status and future
perspectives. Cancer Lett. 2014
• Han X, et al. Neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of glioma. J
Neurooncol. 2013
• Han X, et al. Clinical management of cerebral aneurysms. Chin Med J. 2012
• Han X, et al. Intraoperative ultrasound guidance for brain tumor resection. J
Neurosurg. 2011
• Han X, et al. Glioma vaccine: current status and future prospects. J Clin Neurosci.
2010
• Han X, et al. Gene
Ajith Thomas is the chief of cerebrovascular surgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He performs minimally invasive brain surgeries and focuses his research on using stem cells to repair brain damage from conditions like stroke and aneurysms. Thomas has pioneered a method of injecting stem cells through arteries in the brain rather than direct injection into the brain. He is building a research program at BIDMC to better understand how stem cells can repair the brain and bypass the blood-brain barrier. Thomas also works to quickly treat stroke patients and build collaborative programs to improve stroke care. He hopes to continue expanding stem cell research and clinical programs at BIDMC.
Ajith Thomas is the chief of cerebrovascular surgery at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He performs minimally invasive brain surgeries and focuses his research on using stem cells to repair brain damage from conditions like stroke and aneurysms. Thomas has pioneered a method of injecting stem cells through arteries in the brain rather than direct injection into the brain. He is building a research program at BIDMC to better understand how stem cells can repair the brain and bypass the blood-brain barrier. Thomas also works to quickly treat stroke patients and build collaborative programs to improve stroke care. He hopes to continue expanding stem cell research and clinical programs at BIDMC.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can turn into specific cells as the body needs them. They are present in tissues like bone marrow, blood, skin and liver. There are different types of stem cells ranging from totipotent stem cells that can become any cell type, to unipotent stem cells that can only produce one cell type. Stem cell therapy holds promise for treating diseases by regenerating cells. Some applications include generating blood cells, pancreatic beta cells for diabetes treatment, reducing frailty in older adults, and restoring vision through corneal transplantation.
In 1991, when he was just thirty years old, actor Michael J. Fox w.docxwilcockiris
In 1991, when he was just thirty years old, actor Michael J. Fox was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s normally afflicts adults over the age of sixty (roughly the disease strikes about 1% of that age group), as Michael J. Fox’s case indicates, younger people can develop Parkinson’s as well. We do not yet fully understand Parkinson’s disease, but we do know that with Parkinson’s, the patient’s brain cells (or neurons) die off. The neurons affected by Parkinson’s control motor function and mood. Persons with advanced Parkinson’s have trouble moving and speaking, and their hands and legs may tremble, twitch, or freeze up. They may also experience mood swings and depression. In the very late stages of the disease, they can also lose mental function.
Currently, no cure exists for Parkinson’s disease. Scientists hope, however, that at some point in the future, embryonic stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson’s disease. What are stem cells, and how might stem cell therapies help?
A stem cell is a very special kind of cell. Stem cells start out as general purpose cells, which can then “specialize” themselves to carry out the role of other kinds of cells, such as blood cells, muscle cells, or even brain cells. The function of a stem cell, therefore, is to serve as a kind of “spare part” in the repair system of the human body. This has suggested to researchers the idea that stem cells could be transplanted from one body to another for therapeutic use.
Stem cell transplants are already done today. The best known example is a bone marrow transplant for leukemia patients – bone marrow contains blood stem cells that can take over the role of the diseased blood cells in a person with leukemia. This type of stem cell transplant uses what are called “adult stem cells.” Adult stem cells have already specialized to perform a particular function (e.g., the function of a blood cell), and recent research indicates great promise in their use. Stem cells can be collected from another adult, an infant, or a fetus.
Researchers have also focused on experimenting with embryonic stem cells, however. As the name suggests, embryonic stem cells are extracted from a one-week-old human blastocyst (which at this point consists of fifty to one hundred cells). The advantage of embryonic stem cells is that they are not yet specialized – they have not yet adapted to any particular function. So in principle, an embryonic stem cell could be genetically manipulated to turn into whatever type of stem cell is needed for therapy, whereas adult stem cells cannot. The process of making this happen, however, is still in its infancy.
The embryonic stem cells used in experiments today are obtained from embryos donated by couples that have undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF), a technique used to help infertile couples have children. IVF involves the creation of fertilized eggs outside of the womb, a process that often results in more fertilized eggs than are tr.
This document appears to be a thesis submitted for a master's degree in neuropsychiatry. It discusses the introduction and aims of studying stem cell therapies for various neurodegenerative disorders. The introduction defines stem cells and their potential uses in regenerative medicine and cell replacement therapies. The aim of the work is to summarize recent progress in stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
(1) The document discusses the potential for using in situ bone marrow stem cells for treating degenerative diseases. It reviews evidence that bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and aid in tissue regeneration.
(2) The authors propose the hypothesis that stimulating the natural release and migration of bone marrow stem cells through the body, without removing them from the bone marrow, could help treat diseases.
(3) They suggest identifying natural compounds that boost this process of stem cell mobilization and migration to target organs as a potential treatment approach.
The document discusses the potential use of in situ bone marrow stem cells for treating degenerative diseases. It proposes that stimulating the natural release and migration of bone marrow stem cells into tissues, rather than removing and reintroducing stem cells, could effectively treat conditions like Parkinson's, diabetes, and heart disease. Recent research has found that bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and help repair damaged tissues, suggesting they may have similar pluripotent properties as embryonic stem cells but without the ethical issues.
Stem cell Therapy in Neurological diseases Ibad khan
Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and divide to produce more stem cells. There are two main types: embryonic stem cells from fertilized eggs and adult stem cells found in tissues. Stem cells are important for potential treatments as they can generate large numbers of cells from a limited source and may be obtained from patients. While embryonic stem cells show potential for treating conditions, their safety requires further investigation. Adult stem cells are used in therapies like bone marrow transplantation. Stem cell transplantation faces challenges like preventing scar tissue formation and ensuring proper differentiation and integration into host circuits.
Stem cells, particularly autologous stem cells extracted from a patient's own bone marrow, show promise in treating multiple sclerosis (MS). Studies have found autologous stem cell transplantation after immunosuppression can reduce progression of MS, especially for patients with relapsing-remitting MS rather than primary progressive MS. While stem cells may not cure MS completely, they can help regenerate myelin sheaths and slow the degenerative effects of the disease on the nervous system. More research is still needed but stem cell therapy offers new opportunities for delivering high doses of immunosuppression to potentially stop MS progression.
Stem Cell ResearchStem cells are cells that can grow and differe.docxwhitneyleman54422
Stem Cell Research
Stem cells are cells that can grow and differentiate into other types of cells. These cells have great potential for the treatment of various disorders such as cancer or Parkinson’s disease where the body cannot regenerate healthy cells to cure the disease. Stem cell research has been going on for a long time, and there have been great breakthroughs in the research. One such breakthrough has been the use of stem cells in the rejuvenation of neural cells of monkeys suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Scientists have used induced pluripotent cells to form some types of brain cells that have been damaged by the disease. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the degeneration of specific brain cells that control motor functions and mood. Researchers have previously been able to restore motor functions in rats that have shown characteristic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease by using dopamine neurotransmitters grown from human induced pluripotent cells. In spite of this, there has not been any investigation on the long-term effects of the use of this practice on the primates.
Researchers from California have demonstrated that injecting stem cells taken from the hearts of newborn rats into older rats improved the latter’s cardiovascular function and capacity.
A study done by Jun Takahashi was done to evaluate the safety and applicability of the practice in primates. Human induced pluripotent cells were used to generate dopamine neurons which were transplanted into primates that had been induced to have the Parkinson’s disease. The primates showed increasing spontaneous increase in the motor cells after transplantation and complete functioning in the midbrain. There was no long-term effect of the cells on the primates after two years since no brain tumors were observed (Sandoiu, 2017). This information is critical as it has opened a gateway to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The study shows that once more research is done this could be a method to treat people suffering from the disease and will help to relieve human suffering. The study has unlocked one of the many possibilities of the use of stem cell research and will, therefore, earn it more favor and support from the public.
Human neural stem cells are derived via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from donated fetal brain tissue.
A study was done on mice by Hai Nguyen, Aileen Anderson and colleagues found that mice receiving stem cells grown from human brain tissue required the depletion of some types of immune cells to improve the motor skills of the mice. The donor cells survived equally when transplanted either immediately or after a month after the injury. Their location however continuously changed and this suggested that the cells were populating the spinal cord at different times after the injury and it affected the ability of the transplants to provide functional recovery of the motor skills (Society for Neuroscience. 2017). This means that the stem cells could .
The article discusses regenerative medicine and the potential to reverse cellular aging through stem cell research. It interviews Dr. Michael West, who published a paper showing that adult human cells can be reprogrammed to a younger, more pluripotent state utilizing genes that grant immortality. This research aims to develop stem cell therapies that can regenerate tissues damaged by aging and disease. Dr. West explains that the cells of the germline remain immortal through the enzyme telomerase, while somatic cells age and die due to shortening telomeres. The goal is to apply these lessons to increase the lifespan and regenerative capacity of human tissues.
This newspaper article provides a guide to culture and entertainment options for the day. It features reviews and stories on Hong Kong cinemas, New Zealand singer Brooke Fraser's new focus on the East, a conductor's passion for developing young musical talent, and philosophical questions raised in author Hari Kunzru's latest novel.
This newspaper article previews upcoming stories in the Sunday Morning Post newspaper dated May 15, 2011. Stories highlighted include an exploration of Australia's criminal underworld, a cultural debate on whether art needs to be beautiful, a profile of pop band The Drums and their derivative style, and a Pulitzer Prize winning author using writing to bring order to chaos.
This newspaper article provides a guide to culture and entertainment events happening on Sunday, May 29, 2011. It features reviews of the movie "The Hangover" and the band Poubelle International. It also discusses whether author James Frey can resurrect his literary career after his previous work was found to contain fabricated stories.
This newspaper guide provides information on culture and entertainment for Sunday, February 26, 2012. It features articles on a book that won the Booker Prize called "Why Men Don't Dance Around the Beauty and the Word", an article about gender issues in Finland titled "Dance Around the Beauty Gender Issues of Finland", and an article about books and reading called "and the Word on the Street" on page 12.
Grace Geng, the 18-year-old daughter of prominent Chinese human rights lawyer Gao Zhisheng, is suffering from depression and anxiety due to the disappearance of her father and the persecution she faced as a result of his activism. As the daughter of a dissident, Grace and her mother experienced harassment from police including beatings, constant surveillance, and being forced to move homes. At school, Grace's movements were monitored by security agents, her friends distanced themselves from her, and her teachers treated her poorly due to her father's status as a "rightist." Grace now lives in constant fear of what may have happened to her father and worries that the authorities are still targeting her family.
Chinese researchers face discrimination on the global stage according to Chen Yiyu, president of China's National Natural Science Foundation. While Chinese science has improved, some Western authorities do not believe Chinese scientists can produce world-class results, especially young researchers. Years of hard work by Chinese scientists have been ruined by prejudice and jealousy from Western scientists, though Chen did not provide names or details. Chinese scientists now have more freedom to explore topics that interest them compared to past decades when the government tightly controlled research topics.
Lupe Fiasco is a hip hop artist known for exploring contradictions in his music and views. His new single "The Show Goes On" criticizes his record label Atlantic Records for pushing him to release it against his wishes and nearly driving him to suicide. While the song sounds like a typical hip hop release, the lyrics reference the Sex Pistols to signal that not all is as it seems. Fiasco's relationship with Atlantic Records has been strained since his previous album's commercial success led to conflicts over the direction of his new album "Lasers," with the label wanting a more commercial "sleazy" approach than Fiasco's vision.
Hafiz Saeed, the suspected mastermind of the 2008 Mumbai attacks, has a $10 million US bounty on his head but he is not in hiding. He lives openly in Lahore, Pakistan and has appeared on Pakistani television denouncing the bounty. While the US seeks his arrest, the Pakistani government considers him a patriot for opposing US drone strikes and the Afghanistan war. The bounty announcement has sparked protests in Pakistan accusing the US of attacking Islam. Critics say the bounty is pointless since Saeed is walking around freely in Pakistan and not in hiding as intended by bounties.
1. A4 Tuesday, May 17, 2011
FOCUS
It’s a stem-cell therapy untested and unproven for many incurable
`
diseases, but in the mainland’s little-regulated system, hospitals are
cashing in on the last-chance hopes of the desperate and the dying
Medicine’s
wild east
Illustration: Stephen Case
......................................................
Aborted fetuses
fore, it’s impossible for a single adult after receiving two stem-cell treat- make these connections,” the ISSCR tuses are being injected directly into
Fiona Tam in Qingdao
somatic stem-cell type to treat multi- ments in Mexico in 2009 and 2010. His said. “We are still learning about how patients’ brains and spines. Similar
fiona.tam@scmp.com
ple unrelated diseases such as diabe- body became softer and more elastic, to direct stem cells to become the fetal-cell treatments are given at the
tes and Parkinson’s disease. and he was able to sleep and eat bet- right cell type, to grow only as much as Naval General Hospital of PLA, the
the likely source
The Singaporean doctor has ALS, the Stanford Stem Cell & Regenerative ter, after those treatments, she said. we need them to.” General Hospital of Chinese People’s
incurable degenerative disease of the Medicine Institute director Irving She was hoping for even better results Although it is now possible to re- Armed Police Forces, Peking Univer-
nervous system. He tried the drug Weissman , told reporters last year on the mainland, as other parents had program adult somatic cells to act like sity Health Science Centre and many
with the best chance of slowing the that stem cells from umbilical cords told her that the country had leapt embryonic stem cells (induced pluri- other public hospitals.
of stem cells
weakening of his muscles, the com- did have a very limited capacity to ahead in stem-cell therapies. potent stem cells, iPSCs), the main- In two articles in the Second Mili-
promising of his respiratory system, make scar, bone and fat. “But they “China has a big reputation in land’s stem-cell therapy centres tary Medical University’s journal,
the steady onset of death. But he is don’t make brain, they don’t make stem-cell treatment and is the place aren’t capable of doing it. Tian Zengmin, the naval hospital’s
allergic. He figured he had only one blood, they don’t make heart, they to be because you can actually see the neurologist, detailed how they culti-
hope left. don’t make skeletal muscle, despite improvement,” she said. “It takes a A family in mourning vated fetal brain cells taken from five-
Dr Poon Lee Kwee, 61, joined the what various people claim,” he said. decade for the FDA [US Food and to 11-week-old fetuses to treat Parkin- Hospitals often sell fetal tissue to labs for research or
droves of foreigners now flocking to The injections’ maker, Shenzhen- Drug Administration] to approve The Singaporean doctor is lucky he son’s disease and cerebellum atro-
mainland hospitals for stem-cell based Beike Bio-Technology says the something and the Americans can’t didn’t feel severe side effects after the phy. The central government funds treatment, without the mother’s knowledge
treatments — therapies that are un- treatments are offered by more than wait.” six injections. Tian’s research.
tested and unproven, but in the main- 50 mainland hospitals. Chairman Hu With stem cells directly implanted A 30-year-old man from Jinhua A Shanghai father who paid 18,000
...................................................... The country’s lax system of ethical
Fiona Tam in Beijing
land’s little-regulated climate, are of- Xiang said its stem cells, mainly ex- into the boy’s brain, Hansard hopes city in Zhejiang who tried to cure his yuan for a treatment for his son with and regulatory oversight and respect
fiona.tam@scmp.com
fered far more freely than in the US tracted from umbilical cord blood, the boy will finally learn how to make cerebral infarction with stem cells cerebral palsy said he believed all hos- to privacy enable doctors to remove
and other Western countries. had been injected into more than normal movements and reactions. died four days after receiving two in- pital-provided cells were taken from fetal cells and tissues without inform-
Seven months after being diag- 10,000 foreign patients from 70 coun- What Hansard and Poon didn’t jections from the No. 455 Hospital of induced abortion. “Otherwise you Research projects using embryonic ing the mothers.
nosed with amyotrophic lateral scle- tries. He said only 2.8 per cent of pa- PLA in Shanghai in July. The victim’s never know whether the cells from and fetal stem cells are ethically con- Ding Yu, who specialises in wom-
rosis (ALS), the general practitioner tients had slight side effects such as elder brother, Hong Chun, said he spontaneous abortion are good troversial in the West and have gener- en’s rights and is a researcher from
paid the equivalent of HK$155,420 for fever or headache. Hu refused, how- had seen the injections’ packing at the enough to repair injuries,” he said. ated plenty of public debate, but in the School of Sociology and Anthro-
a month-long therapy in Guangzhou ever, to disclose a success rate. hospital. Wernig said it made much more China there is little discussion and pology at Sun Yat-Sen University,
in March. Poon received six injections
of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a
Hua Qing, Beike’s coordinator in
the Guangdong hospital, concedes
Although scientific “It was made in Shenzhen and the
hospital told me that they purchased
sense medically to use fetal brain tis-
sue than MSCs to repair neural inju-
public opinion seems to be largely
positive.
said: “Very few Chinese have ethical
concern over abortion after three
kind of adult stem cell from umbilical- the injection can’t actually cure seri- progress is being each injection for 300 yuan from the ries, because the fetal brain actually The country’s particular situa- decades of the ‘one-child policy’ and
cord blood at Guangdong Provincial ous diseases, but can “improve” pa- manufacturer,” he said, adding that contains neural stem cells. He said tions, however, further complicates forced abortions. Most of them take
Hospital of Traditional Chinese tients’ conditions to some degree. made at amazing he had received anonymous calls there were some clinical trials using the picture. Most mainland stem-cell abortion as common phenomena
Medicine.
The treatment has undergone no
That claim isn’t based on medical
data, but on patients’ testimonials —
speeds, we need to from Guangdong threatening him
not to expose the malpractice.
fetal brain tissue, in particular in pa-
tients with Parkinson’s disease.
researchers will not say publicly
where the fetal tissue they used for
and never link this with human rights
or a fetus’ right to life.”
clinical trials, yet the hospital’s web- something that the International So- distinguish facts Yu Shuangfeng, 68, is among 21 “[But] the success rate was very study or treatment comes from. A On the mainland, fetal stem cells
site claims that a wide range of condi- ciety for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) mainland patients who have sued the limited and led to uncontrollable se- close reading of mainland journals and tissue from abortion clinics have
tions considered incurable by other warns others to be wary of. from hype military hospital for fraud. Yu said she vere side effects,” he said. “Scientists however, show that many cells used become a steady source for mainland
means are now treatable with its revo- A month after getting the treat- nearly died of strong side effects, in- are trying to find out why the trans- for the research are coming from hospitals in treating patients for vari-
STEM-CELL EXPERT PROFESSOR RONALD LI
lutionary stem-cell therapy — from ments, Poon said he felt no substan- cluding fever, after paying 70,000 plants did not lead to the desired induced abortions. The cells harvest- ous diseases as early as 2000, as well
the fatal ALS, cerebral palsy, autism, tial improvement or difference. He yuan for two injections last year. Her effect. Once there is a better under- ed from fetuses range in age from five as stem-cell laboratories for research.
Parkinson’s disease, spinal-cord inju- said he would wait three months be- know is that manufacturing one MSC diabetes has never been cured. In- standing of the process such a trans- weeks to six months. Mainland media revealed that a
ries, and optic-nerve disorder to foot fore deciding if it had helped. injection can cost as little as 300 yuan stead, it worsened. plant could become possible.’’ The mainland’s draconian popu- Liaoning woman who chose a sex-
ulcers caused by diabetes. (HK$359). And these cells could never Han Zhongchao, director of Na- Professor Ronald Li, director of lation “one child” policy has ensured, selective abortion in Xian in
But there is no convincing evi- Foreigners flock to mainland cure Poon’s disease. tional Research Centre for Stem Cell Hong Kong University’s Stem Cell although unintentionally, that the June last year discovered that her six-
dence published in any reputable In theory, only neural stem cells Engineering and Technology, said the and Regenerative Medicine Consor- supply would be limitless. month-old fetus was sold to a local
journal to support MSCs as a treat- Despite the lack of a credible track from the brain that can give rise to mainland’s military hospitals, which tium, said that although stem-cell Many Chinese mothers-to-be are medical company called Shaanxi
ment for diseases like these, said Ma- record, the lure of a long-shot cure is nerve cells and two categories of non- weren’t under the administration of therapy could fundamentally change forced to terminate their pregnan- Alerfu Activ Tissue Engineering Co,
rius Wernig of Stanford University in drawing anxious Western patients to neuronal cells are the right type of the Health Ministry, were the first to medicine, almost all treatments being cies, regardless of the stage at which
California. mainland hospitals for treatments stem cells to treat Poon’s ALS. But offer stem cell treatments. Many developed were still in the experi- they are, under this policy. Author-
For the hospital’s claims to come costing up to HK$233,000 a month. most mainland stem-cell therapy small hospitals eyed the lucrative mental stage or clinical trials, except ities exert pressure to abort by impos-
true “would be a miracle”, Wernig, The stem-cell surgery of the little- centres provide only MSCs, which are business and launched their stem- bone-marrow transplants. ing heavy fines on would-be parents,
principal investigator at Stanford’s known Qingdao Chengyang People’s easy and cheap to produce. cell centres after that. “Many hospitals and centres have dismissing them from jobs, and re-
Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Re-
generative Medicine, said.
Unlike embryonic stem cells —
which in theory give rise to all the
body’s stem-cell types — tissue-spe-
Hospital is so popular an entire floor
at the top of its complex has been re-
made into luxurious suites for foreign
patients, who fly tens of thousands of
kilometresfor the treatment. The hos-
Even if Poon had been given the
right cells, there are still many barriers
to the development of successful
stem-cell therapies. Among them:
getting the cells to behave in the de-
“But all of these stem cell therapies
are still at the research stage, and
none of them has been approved by
domestic health watchdog as effec-
tive treatment,” Chinese Academy of
obviously overstated their stem cell
treatments, with very bold claims,” Li
said. “Too much hype is going to jeo-
pardise a paradigm-shifting field. Al-
though progress is being made at
fusing residency permits and social
protections such as education and
medical services for the children.
After the abortion, the hospital
often sells the fetal tissue to other
1,116
The number of stem-cell papers
cific stem cells such as MSCs are lim- pital even hired two full-time transla- sired way. “To treat many neurologi- Science academician Wu Zuze was amazing speeds, we need to distin- hospitals or laboratories for stem-cell published in international peer-
ited in their potential and largely tors and a private driver to cater to cal conditions the cells we implant quoted by Century Weekly magazine. guish facts from hype. The field needs research or treatment, without the reviewed journals in 2008
make the cell types found in the tissue those who can’t speak Chinese. will need to grow into specific types of The therapies may be unproved. time and space to grow and mature, mother’s knowledge. from China, ranking it fifth
from which they are derived, accord- Lori Hansard, of Houston, Texas, neurons, and to work they will also But some doctors are using them with before stem cells can be turned into “Generally, surgeons in the main- in the world
ing to the US-based International So- brought her 14-year-old son with ce- have to know which other neurons to abandon. In Beijing’s military hospi- clinical and other applications – it will land are very likely to use aborted fe-
ciety for Stem Cell Research. There- rebral palsy to Qingdao last month make connections with and how to tals, cells cultivated from aborted fe- happen, but not right away.” tuses in medical experiments and
treatments without informing the which focuses on producing artificial
mother-to-be,” Liu said, “while many skin and cornea. Three maternity as-
Stem cells for therapy
Stem cells are generally early stage cells that can continuously replicate and differentiate into other specialised cells.
China hopes to build an mothers-to-be are also not aware of
their rights on aborted fetuses, and
some surgeons may take advantage
sistants who sold the fetus soon after
the abortion were fired by the hospi-
tal after a police investigation.
Scientists hope these can be used to replace damaged tissues in patients. There are two main categories of stem cells:
Embryonic stem cells Egg is fertilised Adult stem cells
advantage in cell studies of this.”
An Yimeng, director of the stem-
cell transplant department at Bei-
There are growing concerns on
the mainland, though. Liu Hongbo, a
noted newspaper columnist based in
Stem cells can be extracted jing’s General Hospital of the Chinese Wuhan , said an unborn child
Stem cells created can ...................................................... yuan for developing potential treat- People’s Armed Police Forces, told arguably had as much right to live as
from umbilical cord blood, and Fiona Tam
develop into more than The fertilised egg certain other sources. These ments for heart disease, liver failure, People’s Daily that mainland hospi- the terminally ill child who used its
250 specialised cell begins to divide may be limited to producing Parkinson’s disease and repair of tals had been using fetal brains to cells. But Chinese legislators only re-
types in the body only certain types of cells China is making some large invest- neural conditions. treat patients since the 1980s, and a gard babies, not fetuses, as human.
ments in stem-cell research and By contrast, the US National Insti- huge number of patients received “Chinese authorities believe fe-
Two-cell medicine. tute of Health will spend US$125 mil- similar treatments during the past tuses are just a possibility of life, and
embryo Nerve cells
Without the shackles of ethical lion on human embryonic cell three decades. abortion is legal and well accepted by
qualms or government regulations, research. An’s hospital alone has treated the public,” Liu said.
Four-cell embryo leaders see stem-cell research as an It will, however, spend another nearly 4,000 patients with its neural But neurologist Ben Barres, chair
Skin cells area in which the country’s biotech- US$1.7 billion to understand the stem cells since 2003, including for- of the neurobiology department at
nology industry might outpace the basic mechanism of stem cells and to eign patients from 20 countries. Stanford University School of Medi-
Inner West. do non-human and non-embryonic In Shenzhen, a public hospital ob- cine, said he saw nothing wrong with
cell mass
Beijing announced early this stem cell research – matters of less stetrician said that in most cases, a using cells or tissue from a fetus that
Muscle cells month that the 973 State Develop- interest to Beijing. mother-to-be will leave the aborted was being discarded in any case.
ment Programme for Key Basic Re- Rather than basic research, Chi- fetus or stillbirth baby to the hospital “Personally,” Barres said, “I don’t
search would invest 1.6 billion yuan nese scientists are eager to focus on as medical residue. The fetuses will think there is an ethical problem with
Eight-cell Blastocyst Undifferentiated Partly (HK$1.9 billion) in stem-cell research humans’ mesenchymal stem cells be sold. And so will the placentas, to using tissue from aborted fetuses [tis-
embryo Mostly hollow sphere stem cells differentiated and five other fields this year. (MSCs) and the clinical uses for stem pharmaceutical factories or individ- sue that would otherwise be thrown
composed of up to 100 cells Cultured in nutrient-rich liquid stem cells Specialised cells Also, the 863 State Hi-Tech Devel- cells. Just one per cent of the US re- uals who believe them rich in nutri- in the garbage] to help patients.”
Sources: US National Academy of Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Reuters SCMP opment Plan will allocate 130 million search budget is allocated to MSCs. ents and suitable to eat.