Global statistics show that around 350 million people suffer from depression, which is the leading cause of suicide among 15-29 year olds. In India, around 42.5% of private sector employees suffer from depression or anxiety due to high work pressures and performance-linked incentives. One study of over 6000 corporate employees found that around 50% suffered from anxiety or depression, with many experiencing symptoms for over a year before seeking help. Prolonged work stress is a major trigger for mental illness. Counseling can help employees and managers cope with work pressures and mental health issues.
This document defines counseling as a specialized guidance service that helps individuals grow through learning and decision-making. It discusses the aims of counseling as helping students understand themselves, gain insight into emotional difficulties, alter maladaptive behaviors, and fulfill their potential. The document also outlines several principles, attributes of counselors, steps in the counseling process, tools for collecting information, and different approaches to counseling such as directive, non-directive, and eclectic.
Introduction to counseling and effective counselorjayapratha9
This document discusses counseling and the characteristics of an effective counselor. It begins by defining counseling and differentiating it from guidance and psychotherapy. Counseling focuses on development, prevention, and short-term treatment, while psychotherapy addresses more serious issues through long-term relationships. Guidance provides information and helps with adjustment.
The document then outlines the key characteristics and qualifications of an effective counselor, including advanced listening skills, empathy, confidentiality, and the ability to challenge clients respectfully. Counselors must understand theories of personality and be aware of multicultural issues. They require a master's degree and clinical experience, as well as ongoing training. The goal of counseling is to help clients gain self-understanding and make positive changes
Mental health consultation involves a problem-solving relationship between a consultant with clinical expertise and a consultee requesting assistance, with the goal of helping the consultee address a mental health issue affecting their client or program. The consultant provides recommendations but the consultee retains responsibility for implementation, and there are different types of consultation including case-focused and program/administration-focused models. Effective consultation relies on the consultant's strong clinical skills and expertise which they use to offer a second opinion to the consultee in a non-hierarchical relationship.
The document provides information on various types of counseling. It defines counseling and discusses its purpose. Some key points:
- Counseling involves a relationship where a counselor assists a client in organizing themselves to attain happiness or adjust to life situations.
- The purpose of counseling is to help clients use existing problem-solving skills or develop new skills to cope with issues. Counselors help clients explore feelings and problems to make informed choices.
- There are various types of counseling like marriage counseling, career counseling, substance abuse counseling, and more. Each type targets different issues and populations.
- Counseling techniques include prescriptive, non-directive, directive, and eclectic approaches. The counseling process generally
Counseling involves a relationship between a counselor and client where the counselor assists the client. The document defines counseling and discusses its purpose, which is to help clients effectively solve problems by developing new skills. It also outlines several types of counseling like marriage counseling, grief counseling, substance abuse counseling, and more. The document discusses elements of counseling like the counselor, client, environment. It also discusses principles of counseling like individualization and counseling techniques like prescriptive and non-directive techniques.
The document discusses the counseling process and its various stages. It begins with establishing a relationship between the counselor and client through empathy, genuineness and unconditional caring. The second stage involves in-depth exploration and problem assessment to understand the client's concerns. The third stage is goal setting where the counselor and client commit to a plan of action. The fourth stage consists of various counseling interventions. Finally, the fifth stage is evaluation, termination or referral where the counseling process is concluded.
This document defines counseling as a specialized guidance service that helps individuals grow through learning and decision-making. It discusses the aims of counseling as helping students understand themselves, gain insight into emotional difficulties, alter maladaptive behaviors, and fulfill their potential. The document also outlines several principles, attributes of counselors, steps in the counseling process, tools for collecting information, and different approaches to counseling such as directive, non-directive, and eclectic.
Introduction to counseling and effective counselorjayapratha9
This document discusses counseling and the characteristics of an effective counselor. It begins by defining counseling and differentiating it from guidance and psychotherapy. Counseling focuses on development, prevention, and short-term treatment, while psychotherapy addresses more serious issues through long-term relationships. Guidance provides information and helps with adjustment.
The document then outlines the key characteristics and qualifications of an effective counselor, including advanced listening skills, empathy, confidentiality, and the ability to challenge clients respectfully. Counselors must understand theories of personality and be aware of multicultural issues. They require a master's degree and clinical experience, as well as ongoing training. The goal of counseling is to help clients gain self-understanding and make positive changes
Mental health consultation involves a problem-solving relationship between a consultant with clinical expertise and a consultee requesting assistance, with the goal of helping the consultee address a mental health issue affecting their client or program. The consultant provides recommendations but the consultee retains responsibility for implementation, and there are different types of consultation including case-focused and program/administration-focused models. Effective consultation relies on the consultant's strong clinical skills and expertise which they use to offer a second opinion to the consultee in a non-hierarchical relationship.
The document provides information on various types of counseling. It defines counseling and discusses its purpose. Some key points:
- Counseling involves a relationship where a counselor assists a client in organizing themselves to attain happiness or adjust to life situations.
- The purpose of counseling is to help clients use existing problem-solving skills or develop new skills to cope with issues. Counselors help clients explore feelings and problems to make informed choices.
- There are various types of counseling like marriage counseling, career counseling, substance abuse counseling, and more. Each type targets different issues and populations.
- Counseling techniques include prescriptive, non-directive, directive, and eclectic approaches. The counseling process generally
Counseling involves a relationship between a counselor and client where the counselor assists the client. The document defines counseling and discusses its purpose, which is to help clients effectively solve problems by developing new skills. It also outlines several types of counseling like marriage counseling, grief counseling, substance abuse counseling, and more. The document discusses elements of counseling like the counselor, client, environment. It also discusses principles of counseling like individualization and counseling techniques like prescriptive and non-directive techniques.
The document discusses the counseling process and its various stages. It begins with establishing a relationship between the counselor and client through empathy, genuineness and unconditional caring. The second stage involves in-depth exploration and problem assessment to understand the client's concerns. The third stage is goal setting where the counselor and client commit to a plan of action. The fourth stage consists of various counseling interventions. Finally, the fifth stage is evaluation, termination or referral where the counseling process is concluded.
The counselling process - Stages of the counsellingS Hareem Fatima
The document discusses the counselling process and outlines its three main stages:
1) Initial Disclosure, where the counselor builds rapport with the client and the client begins to open up.
2) In-depth Exploration, in which the counselor assesses the client's problem through deeper discussion.
3) Commitment to Action, where goals are set and the client commits to making changes.
The document provides an overview of each stage and places counselling in the context of different counseling theories like psychoanalysis, humanistic approaches, and cognitive-behavioral theory.
The counselling process; Stages of the counselling processSunil Krishnan
The counselling process:
Stages of the counselling process
Stage 1: Initial Disclosure
Stage 2: In-depth Exploration
Stage 3: Commitment to action
Three stages of Counselling in Perspective
Counselling …………………………………………………………………
Counselling and Psychotherapy………………………………………
The Role of the Counsellor……………………………………………
Counselling Skills ……………………………………………………
Stages of the counselling process: …………………………………………
Some Misconceptions About Counselling ……………………………
The Counselling Process ………………………………………………
Stage 1: Relationship Building - Initial Disclosure ………………………
Stage 2: In-Depth Exploration - Problem Assessment ………………….
Stage 3: Goal Setting - Commitment to Action ………………………….…
Guidelines for Selecting and Defining Goals ………………………..
Summary ………………………………………………………………
Three stages of Counselling in Perspective …………………………………
Psychoanalytic theory ……………………………………………..…
Benefits and limitations of Psychoanalytic theory ……………
Psychodynamic Approach to Counselling …………………………
Id, Ego and Superego …………………………………………
Humanistic Theory …………………………………………………
Client Centred/Non Directive Counselling……………………
Benefits and limitations in relation …………………………
Humanistic Approach to Counselling …………………………………
Behaviour Theory …………………………………………………
Behavioural Approach to Counselling …………………………
Cognitive Theory …………………………………………………
Couselling skills
Managers
couselling in organisations
counselling in workplace
Types of counselling
Approaches to counselling
Verbalnd non verbalskills for counsellors
Informational interviews can be great tools for your clients or stud.docxLeilaniPoolsy
Informational interviews can be great tools for your clients or students (and you) to use to explore potential career options. For this discussion, summarize your informational interview so your peers can learn from your research. Include the specialization of the person interviewed and summarize the responses to the following questions:
In what kind of environment does the person work (school, community center, private practice) and how has that environment affected his or her own career development?
How does the interviewee integrate career counseling into his or her practice?
What career counseling models does the counselor use in his or her practice (school counselors should consider P-12 comprehensive career development; mental health counselors consider theories and models of clinical mental health counseling)?
What inventories or assessments does the person use and how are they integrated into the individual or group career plans?
Describe their work with those who are of a different culture or race.
What strategies for career development program planning, organization, implementation, administration, and evaluation does the interviewee use?
What are the rewards and challenges to the job?
What advice did the person have for you as a counselor in training to integrate career counseling into your specialization?
How did this informational interview increase your knowledge about integrating career counseling into your specialization?
In your post, please also include any additional, relevant information or insights you gained from your interview.
Response Guidelines
Respond to the posts of at least two of your peers and provide feedback. Compare and contrast their interviews from your interview in the approach to integrating career counseling into their practices. You must respond to at least one peer from a different specialization.
First peer posting
Who was interviewed?
I interviewed Melissa Edelmayer. She is a licensed independent social worker. In Ohio, social workers are eligible to practice counseling with the proper training and education. I have known Mrs. Edelmayer for approximately 9 years. She currently works at a private practice agency called Providers for Healthy Living. She specializes in mental health counseling with juveniles with training in CBT, Motivational Interviewing, and I-FAST where she has addressed substance abuse disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety disorders, and family dysfunction
In what kind of environment does the person work (school, community center, private practice) and how has that environment affected his or her own career development?
As stated above, she currently works in private practice. Prior to her joining a private practice agency almost two years ago, she worked in a myriad of positions in non-profit mental health organizations ranging from Clinician to Director of Residential Care. Her.
Counseling involves providing guidance and support to help individuals resolve personal problems or achieve personal growth. It is a personal process where a trained counselor helps a client through a series of direct contacts. The counselor aims to offer assistance in changing attitudes and behaviors through techniques like interviews and testing. Counseling is needed in situations like dealing with loss, addiction, career decisions, depression or anxiety. It is important because counselors are trained to help clients determine the root causes of issues and guide them to a resolution. Counselors must demonstrate qualities like empathy, integrity, and competence when working with clients.
This document provides an overview of the discipline of counseling as an applied social science. It defines counseling as a relationship that applies psychological theories and communication skills to help clients address concerns. The document outlines the goals of counseling as guiding clients through life decisions and assessments. It also describes the key contexts, including peers, family, culture and the counseling environment itself, that influence the counseling process. Finally, the document discusses several core values and principles, such as respect, empathy and social justice, that are important to the practice of counseling.
This document provides an overview of the discipline of counseling as an applied social science. It defines counseling as a relationship that applies psychological theories and communication skills to help clients address concerns. The document outlines the goals of counseling as guiding clients through life decisions and assessments. It also describes the key contexts, including peers, family, culture and the counseling environment itself, that influence the counseling process. Finally, the document discusses several core values like respecting human dignity and social justice that are important to the counseling profession.
A presentation about the 6-month follow-up we carried out after the Impact on Depression training. Within eight months, 2 out of 5 managers reported that they had put what they had learnt into practice. This training is now called Centre for Mental Health Workplace Training.
Originally uploaded on 14 December 2010.
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Sciencerenzguioguio
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science
How to Create a Supportive Environment for Mental Health Professionals Solh ...Solh Wellness
Discover expert tips to foster a supportive environment for mental health professionals. Enhance well-being and productivity with proven tips by Solh Wellness.
The document discusses the qualities needed to be a good counselor. It lists several important qualities including patience, good listening skills, being observant, providing warmth, having knowledge, empathy, maintaining confidentiality and integrity. It also discusses counseling approaches and techniques including the GATHER model, which involves greeting clients, asking questions, telling information, helping clients explore options, explaining choices, and planning follow up. The document outlines the counseling process and different types of counseling such as marriage, education, rehabilitation, substance abuse and more. It emphasizes that counseling aims to help clients make effective decisions to positively change attitudes and behaviors.
guidance and counselling by Priyadarshinee PradhanPriya Das
This document provides an overview of counselling, including its key concepts, scope, objectives, process, techniques and ethical principles. It defines counselling as a scientific process of assistance provided by an expert to help individuals address problems and achieve self-actualization. The document outlines different types of counselling like individual, marital, and family counselling. It describes the typical 6-stage counselling process and lists several counselling techniques used by professionals. Finally, it discusses important ethical principles like confidentiality that counsellors must follow.
Counseling involves a trained practitioner helping a client work through difficult emotional, behavioral, or relationship issues. The document outlines several key aspects of counseling including what counselors do, common issues they help with, different counseling approaches, important counseling skills, theories of counseling, fields of counseling and more. Counseling provides a confidential space for clients to discuss problems and gain a new perspective to facilitate meaningful changes in their lives.
Counseling involves a supportive relationship between a counselor and client to help the client address problems and facilitate healthy changes. The counselor provides empathy, respect and a framework for the client to explore emotions, behaviors and thinking patterns. Counseling aims to help clients understand themselves, make informed choices, and resolve issues through meaningful discussion in a non-directive way. It differs from guidance in focusing more on helping clients make changes, and from psychotherapy in viewing clients as capable of self-direction rather than mentally ill.
Guidance and counseling are both essential elements of education but have some key differences. Guidance aims to help students discover their potential and make decisions by providing information, while counseling addresses existing problems through in-depth, therapeutic interactions between counselor and client. The document outlines various definitions and purposes of guidance and counseling, emphasizing guidance as a preventative, developmental process whereas counseling is more remedial and focused on facilitating change in clients' behaviors and attitudes.
Indian society has an broad diversity with varying opinions and mindsets. But all together in any circumstances Guidance and Counseling plays the vital role to uplift self and the community as a whole. Action speaks more than words, Experience is the golden treasure of knowledge and wisdom each individual has as instinct, which performs as the life philosophy of that character. This philosophy provides the essential knowledge and lessons indulging into guidelines and lessons for life which we called as 'Guidance and Counseling'. Thus directly or indirectly we go through the guidance and counseling experiences throughout our lives.
1) Libera Insani is a psychological and HR services company in Indonesia established in 2014 by experts focused on mental health and human capital.
2) The company provides both individual and organizational services, including counseling, therapy, assessments, training, recruitment, and consulting.
3) Services address issues like anxiety, trauma, addiction, career coaching, and organizational human resources strategies.
Guidance and Counselling by S.Lakshmanan PsychologistLAKSHMANAN S
Guidance and counseling involves helping individuals understand themselves and their situations to make decisions. There are various approaches to guidance, including directive, non-directive, and eclectic methods. Directive counseling is counselor-led and focuses on understanding capacities and opportunities. Non-directive counseling is client-centered and allows individuals to freely express themselves to solve problems. Effective counseling requires understanding the individual, their environment, and developing values and goals. It can involve individual, group, or multiple counselors focusing on different areas like education or psychology. Good counselors are self-aware, trustworthy, and approachable to help clients effectively.
Counseling involves assisting individuals through a helping process focused on needs, problems or feelings. It aims to enhance coping, problem solving and relationships. There are various types including marriage counseling, educational counseling, mental health counseling and substance abuse counseling. The counseling process typically involves building rapport, assessment, goal setting, intervention, and termination. Qualities of effective counselors include empathy, active listening skills and maintaining confidentiality. Counseling is applied in areas such as change management, diversity, crisis situations, and organizational development. It differs from psychotherapy in being focused on present issues and taking place over a shorter period of time.
The counselling process - Stages of the counsellingS Hareem Fatima
The document discusses the counselling process and outlines its three main stages:
1) Initial Disclosure, where the counselor builds rapport with the client and the client begins to open up.
2) In-depth Exploration, in which the counselor assesses the client's problem through deeper discussion.
3) Commitment to Action, where goals are set and the client commits to making changes.
The document provides an overview of each stage and places counselling in the context of different counseling theories like psychoanalysis, humanistic approaches, and cognitive-behavioral theory.
The counselling process; Stages of the counselling processSunil Krishnan
The counselling process:
Stages of the counselling process
Stage 1: Initial Disclosure
Stage 2: In-depth Exploration
Stage 3: Commitment to action
Three stages of Counselling in Perspective
Counselling …………………………………………………………………
Counselling and Psychotherapy………………………………………
The Role of the Counsellor……………………………………………
Counselling Skills ……………………………………………………
Stages of the counselling process: …………………………………………
Some Misconceptions About Counselling ……………………………
The Counselling Process ………………………………………………
Stage 1: Relationship Building - Initial Disclosure ………………………
Stage 2: In-Depth Exploration - Problem Assessment ………………….
Stage 3: Goal Setting - Commitment to Action ………………………….…
Guidelines for Selecting and Defining Goals ………………………..
Summary ………………………………………………………………
Three stages of Counselling in Perspective …………………………………
Psychoanalytic theory ……………………………………………..…
Benefits and limitations of Psychoanalytic theory ……………
Psychodynamic Approach to Counselling …………………………
Id, Ego and Superego …………………………………………
Humanistic Theory …………………………………………………
Client Centred/Non Directive Counselling……………………
Benefits and limitations in relation …………………………
Humanistic Approach to Counselling …………………………………
Behaviour Theory …………………………………………………
Behavioural Approach to Counselling …………………………
Cognitive Theory …………………………………………………
Couselling skills
Managers
couselling in organisations
counselling in workplace
Types of counselling
Approaches to counselling
Verbalnd non verbalskills for counsellors
Informational interviews can be great tools for your clients or stud.docxLeilaniPoolsy
Informational interviews can be great tools for your clients or students (and you) to use to explore potential career options. For this discussion, summarize your informational interview so your peers can learn from your research. Include the specialization of the person interviewed and summarize the responses to the following questions:
In what kind of environment does the person work (school, community center, private practice) and how has that environment affected his or her own career development?
How does the interviewee integrate career counseling into his or her practice?
What career counseling models does the counselor use in his or her practice (school counselors should consider P-12 comprehensive career development; mental health counselors consider theories and models of clinical mental health counseling)?
What inventories or assessments does the person use and how are they integrated into the individual or group career plans?
Describe their work with those who are of a different culture or race.
What strategies for career development program planning, organization, implementation, administration, and evaluation does the interviewee use?
What are the rewards and challenges to the job?
What advice did the person have for you as a counselor in training to integrate career counseling into your specialization?
How did this informational interview increase your knowledge about integrating career counseling into your specialization?
In your post, please also include any additional, relevant information or insights you gained from your interview.
Response Guidelines
Respond to the posts of at least two of your peers and provide feedback. Compare and contrast their interviews from your interview in the approach to integrating career counseling into their practices. You must respond to at least one peer from a different specialization.
First peer posting
Who was interviewed?
I interviewed Melissa Edelmayer. She is a licensed independent social worker. In Ohio, social workers are eligible to practice counseling with the proper training and education. I have known Mrs. Edelmayer for approximately 9 years. She currently works at a private practice agency called Providers for Healthy Living. She specializes in mental health counseling with juveniles with training in CBT, Motivational Interviewing, and I-FAST where she has addressed substance abuse disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety disorders, and family dysfunction
In what kind of environment does the person work (school, community center, private practice) and how has that environment affected his or her own career development?
As stated above, she currently works in private practice. Prior to her joining a private practice agency almost two years ago, she worked in a myriad of positions in non-profit mental health organizations ranging from Clinician to Director of Residential Care. Her.
Counseling involves providing guidance and support to help individuals resolve personal problems or achieve personal growth. It is a personal process where a trained counselor helps a client through a series of direct contacts. The counselor aims to offer assistance in changing attitudes and behaviors through techniques like interviews and testing. Counseling is needed in situations like dealing with loss, addiction, career decisions, depression or anxiety. It is important because counselors are trained to help clients determine the root causes of issues and guide them to a resolution. Counselors must demonstrate qualities like empathy, integrity, and competence when working with clients.
This document provides an overview of the discipline of counseling as an applied social science. It defines counseling as a relationship that applies psychological theories and communication skills to help clients address concerns. The document outlines the goals of counseling as guiding clients through life decisions and assessments. It also describes the key contexts, including peers, family, culture and the counseling environment itself, that influence the counseling process. Finally, the document discusses several core values and principles, such as respect, empathy and social justice, that are important to the practice of counseling.
This document provides an overview of the discipline of counseling as an applied social science. It defines counseling as a relationship that applies psychological theories and communication skills to help clients address concerns. The document outlines the goals of counseling as guiding clients through life decisions and assessments. It also describes the key contexts, including peers, family, culture and the counseling environment itself, that influence the counseling process. Finally, the document discusses several core values like respecting human dignity and social justice that are important to the counseling profession.
A presentation about the 6-month follow-up we carried out after the Impact on Depression training. Within eight months, 2 out of 5 managers reported that they had put what they had learnt into practice. This training is now called Centre for Mental Health Workplace Training.
Originally uploaded on 14 December 2010.
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Sciencerenzguioguio
Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science Lesson 1 Discipline and Idea in Applied Social Science
How to Create a Supportive Environment for Mental Health Professionals Solh ...Solh Wellness
Discover expert tips to foster a supportive environment for mental health professionals. Enhance well-being and productivity with proven tips by Solh Wellness.
The document discusses the qualities needed to be a good counselor. It lists several important qualities including patience, good listening skills, being observant, providing warmth, having knowledge, empathy, maintaining confidentiality and integrity. It also discusses counseling approaches and techniques including the GATHER model, which involves greeting clients, asking questions, telling information, helping clients explore options, explaining choices, and planning follow up. The document outlines the counseling process and different types of counseling such as marriage, education, rehabilitation, substance abuse and more. It emphasizes that counseling aims to help clients make effective decisions to positively change attitudes and behaviors.
guidance and counselling by Priyadarshinee PradhanPriya Das
This document provides an overview of counselling, including its key concepts, scope, objectives, process, techniques and ethical principles. It defines counselling as a scientific process of assistance provided by an expert to help individuals address problems and achieve self-actualization. The document outlines different types of counselling like individual, marital, and family counselling. It describes the typical 6-stage counselling process and lists several counselling techniques used by professionals. Finally, it discusses important ethical principles like confidentiality that counsellors must follow.
Counseling involves a trained practitioner helping a client work through difficult emotional, behavioral, or relationship issues. The document outlines several key aspects of counseling including what counselors do, common issues they help with, different counseling approaches, important counseling skills, theories of counseling, fields of counseling and more. Counseling provides a confidential space for clients to discuss problems and gain a new perspective to facilitate meaningful changes in their lives.
Counseling involves a supportive relationship between a counselor and client to help the client address problems and facilitate healthy changes. The counselor provides empathy, respect and a framework for the client to explore emotions, behaviors and thinking patterns. Counseling aims to help clients understand themselves, make informed choices, and resolve issues through meaningful discussion in a non-directive way. It differs from guidance in focusing more on helping clients make changes, and from psychotherapy in viewing clients as capable of self-direction rather than mentally ill.
Guidance and counseling are both essential elements of education but have some key differences. Guidance aims to help students discover their potential and make decisions by providing information, while counseling addresses existing problems through in-depth, therapeutic interactions between counselor and client. The document outlines various definitions and purposes of guidance and counseling, emphasizing guidance as a preventative, developmental process whereas counseling is more remedial and focused on facilitating change in clients' behaviors and attitudes.
Indian society has an broad diversity with varying opinions and mindsets. But all together in any circumstances Guidance and Counseling plays the vital role to uplift self and the community as a whole. Action speaks more than words, Experience is the golden treasure of knowledge and wisdom each individual has as instinct, which performs as the life philosophy of that character. This philosophy provides the essential knowledge and lessons indulging into guidelines and lessons for life which we called as 'Guidance and Counseling'. Thus directly or indirectly we go through the guidance and counseling experiences throughout our lives.
1) Libera Insani is a psychological and HR services company in Indonesia established in 2014 by experts focused on mental health and human capital.
2) The company provides both individual and organizational services, including counseling, therapy, assessments, training, recruitment, and consulting.
3) Services address issues like anxiety, trauma, addiction, career coaching, and organizational human resources strategies.
Guidance and Counselling by S.Lakshmanan PsychologistLAKSHMANAN S
Guidance and counseling involves helping individuals understand themselves and their situations to make decisions. There are various approaches to guidance, including directive, non-directive, and eclectic methods. Directive counseling is counselor-led and focuses on understanding capacities and opportunities. Non-directive counseling is client-centered and allows individuals to freely express themselves to solve problems. Effective counseling requires understanding the individual, their environment, and developing values and goals. It can involve individual, group, or multiple counselors focusing on different areas like education or psychology. Good counselors are self-aware, trustworthy, and approachable to help clients effectively.
Counseling involves assisting individuals through a helping process focused on needs, problems or feelings. It aims to enhance coping, problem solving and relationships. There are various types including marriage counseling, educational counseling, mental health counseling and substance abuse counseling. The counseling process typically involves building rapport, assessment, goal setting, intervention, and termination. Qualities of effective counselors include empathy, active listening skills and maintaining confidentiality. Counseling is applied in areas such as change management, diversity, crisis situations, and organizational development. It differs from psychotherapy in being focused on present issues and taking place over a shorter period of time.
Boudoir photography, a genre that captures intimate and sensual images of individuals, has experienced significant transformation over the years, particularly in New York City (NYC). Known for its diversity and vibrant arts scene, NYC has been a hub for the evolution of various art forms, including boudoir photography. This article delves into the historical background, cultural significance, technological advancements, and the contemporary landscape of boudoir photography in NYC.
The cherry: beauty, softness, its heart-shaped plastic has inspired artists since Antiquity. Cherries and strawberries were considered the fruits of paradise and thus represented the souls of men.
This document announces the winners of the 2024 Youth Poster Contest organized by MATFORCE. It lists the grand prize and age category winners for grades K-6, 7-12, and individual age groups from 5 years old to 18 years old.
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka ! Fix Satta Matka ! Matka Result ! Matka Guessing ! Final Matka ! Matka Result ! Dpboss Matka ! Matka Guessing ! Satta Matta Matka 143 ! Kalyan Matka ! Satta Matka Fast Result ! Kalyan Matka Guessing ! Dpboss Matka Guessing ! Satta 143 ! Kalyan Chart ! Kalyan final ! Satta guessing ! Matka tips ! Matka 143 ! India Matka ! Matka 420 ! matka Mumbai ! Satta chart ! Indian Satta ! Satta King ! Satta 143 ! Satta batta ! Satta मटका ! Satta chart ! Matka 143 ! Matka Satta ! India Matka ! Indian Satta Matka ! Final ank
2. Global statistics
Globally, WHO says that around 350 million people of all ages suffer from depression
and it is the leading cause of suicide among 15-29-year-olds. “
An Assocham study released last year revealed that 42.5 percent of employees
suffer from depression.
It said, “Because of demanding schedules, high-stress levels, and performance-
linked perquisites in private sectors, nearly 42.5 percent of employees in private
sectors are afflicted with depression or general anxiety disorder, compared to
government employees with lesser levels of psychological demand at work.”
3. One out of every two employees in corporate India suffers
from anxiety and depression
In the study conducted by 1to1Help.net, a professional counselling company, on ‘The Mental Health
Status of Employees in Corporate India,’ over 6000 employees in different cities, across organizations
voluntarily completed the depression scale.
Here are the other findings of the study:
Eighty percent of the respondents, who exhibited symptoms of anxiety, and 55 percent with symptoms
of depression, were going through it for over a year before seeking professional help.
The study observed that the number of people who came with the risk for suicidal behavior has gone
up from 2.1 out of 10 (2008) to 8.21 (July 2016).
Prolonged ongoing stress due to personal and work contexts was identified as triggers for mental
illness.
4. Counselling for your managers
With the recent restructuring and the faster cycle of business, My staff is
finding work pressure difficult to cope with. I am finding it hard to coach
them to cope with the transition.” Concerned Line Manager
“I have become very anxious lately due to my heavy workload and family
responsibilities. I start taking medicine to calm myself, but it doesn't seem
to help.” Worried Employee
“Findings from our employee survey show a worrying trend of loss of work-
life balance. We need to do something before this starts hampering
Productivity and staff well-being.” Human Resources Director
5. Krishna – the greatest counsellor
Indian Medical Association chief KK Aggarwal says Krishna, in the true sense, was
the first and perhaps the most celebrated counsellor, whose “sessions with his
patient, Arjuna, not only led to his spectacular recovery but also constituted”
one of the most revered ancient texts -- the 700-verse Bhagavad Gita.
Arjuna, who gets an acute panic reaction in the battlefield, goes to Krishna, who
holds 18 counselling sessions with him
Arjuna narrates his symptoms to Krishna, who counsels him in great detail, which
is nothing but modern day talk therapy
6. Corporate initiatives for counselling
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has set up a network “Maitree” in 2005 to counsel its 30,000
employees. Under the initiative, 90% of TCS offices organize family get-togethers and activities such
as ball dancing and yoga classes and theatre workshop, helping employees working long hours keep
healthy.
At Wipro, to reduce employee stress after long working hours, HR initiated “Mitr”, an in house
counseling service, in 2003, the set up trains employees in counseling to help out colleagues in
distress,” said a senior HR manager with Wipro Technologies
Asian Paints is taking the initiative every year through an NGO Deepalaya. In 2015-16, 2000 students
were impacted by Asian Paints efforts.
Reliance Industries Ltd. organised career counselling sessions in Jhajjar, Haryana and Shahdol,
Madhya Pradesh. Over 340 students participated in and benefitted through the sessions. The sessions
involved one-to-one counselling as well as a screening of motivational films and presentations.
Bharat Petroleum has provided career counselling to ITI students and spent Rs. 1,80,735. It also
provided for secondary level students and spent Rs. 1,17,000. Similarly,
Marico conducted a career counselling programme, “Sakshar Beti Sudradh Samaj”, for girls at the
Dehradun & Paonta Sahib factory locations and in the nearby villages.
7. Counselling
Counselling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals and families , and
groups to accomplish mental health , wellness, education & career goals.
It deals with wellness , personal growth , career , education & empowerment concerns.
It is diverse and multicultural
It is dynamic process
Its emphasis was on prevention & purposefulness
Guidance focusses on helping people make important choices that affect their lives such as
choosing a preferred lifestyle.
Counseling psychology is a psychological specialty that encompasses research and applied work in
several broad domains: counseling process and outcome; supervision and training; career
development and counseling; and prevention and health.
8. Eight core areas of counselling
A. Human growth and development
B. Group work
C. Research and program evaluation
D. Counselling theories/helping relationships
E. Professional Orientation
F. Career and lifestyle development
G. Ethics and social & cultural foundations
H. Appraisal
9. What should multinational organizations with operations in
India be looking for from an EAP provider?
Availability of different modes of counselling (in person, online, by telephone, text
and smart phone app) to provide ease of access, depending on employee preference
Willingness on the part of the EAP provider to partner with the employer and provide
the most effective solutions in the particular context
Around-the-clock support via a 24-hour hotline
Awareness building of the program to help fight stigma and encourage EAP use
Wellness resources to promote maintenance of good health
Programs for different groups of employees, e.g., managers, women, senior
leadership
Qualified counsellors available across all company locations
Dedicated account managers to ensure high utilization
10. Types of Counselling
1. Directive Counselling
2. Non Directive Counselling:
Under non directive counselling counsellor does not issue directions but observe the behavior and attitude of
the counselee towards his work and his colleagues and superiors and subordinates. If he errs then counsellor
comes to his rescue and corrects him realizing him that he was wrong. He will not issue him any instructions or
will not direct him. The nondirective approach was originated by the American counseling psychologist Carl
Rogers in the 1940s and influenced other individual and group psychotherapeutic methods.
3. Cooperative Counselling:
This is a kind of counselling that can be done through extending full cooperation to the counsellee and makes
him realize his mistakes relating to his behavior and attitudes so that he himself will be back on the track and
improve himself. It is winning the heart of the counsellee through cooperation and improve his confidence.
4. Marital and Family Counselling:
Employees need counselling in respect of marriage and family problems. The troubled employees can discuss
out their problems with the counsellor who can take them into confidence and prescribe solutions for their ills.
11. Directive Counseling (prescriptive
counselling)
E.G WILLIAMSON is the chief exponent in this viewpoint. (1900-1979)
Counsellor – centered : the counsellor direct the client to take steps in order to resolve
his conflicts.
It is based on assumption that the client cannot solve his own problems for lack of
information.
The counsellor plays an important role; he tries to direct the thinking of counselee by
informing , explaining, interpreting and advising.
It gives more importance to intellectual aspect than emotional aspects.
During which a professional plays an active role in a client's or patient's decision making by
offering advice, guidance, and/or recommendations.
12. Steps of Directive Counselling
Williamson's approach initially grew out of the ideas of Frank Parsons.
Williamson has given six steps of directive counselling :
1. Analysis
2. Synthesis
3. Diagnosis
4. Prognosis
5. Counselling
6. Follow up
13. Basic Assumptions of Directive Counseling
According to Willy, the following can be the basic assumptions of directive counseling-
a) Competency in giving Advice-: The counselor posses the best training experience and
information. He is more competent to provide an advice to problem.
b) Counseling as an intellectual process -: An client’s intellectual is not destroyed as a result
of mal-adjustment. Hence counseling is primarily an intellectual process .It stresses upon the
intellectual aspects of a person instead of emotional aspects of the personality.
c) Counseling objectives as problem solving situation-: The objective counseling are achieved
through problem solving situation.
d) Client’s incapability of solving the process-: The counselor does not posses the capability
for solving the problem always.
14.
15. Non-directive Counselling
CARL R. ROGER is the chief exponent in this viewpoint.
This school of thought is just reverse to that of directive counseling.
It is a client-centred process.
In this, the counselee is the pivot of the whole counselling process.
The main function of the counsellor is to create an atmosphere in which the
client can work out his problem.
16. Client- centered therapy
It is a non-directive form of talk therapy, meaning it allows the client to lead the conversation and
does not attempt to steer the client in any way.
Its approach rests on one vital quality: unconditional positive regard.
This means that the therapist refrains from judging the client for any reason, providing a source of
complete acceptance and support (Cherry, 2017).
The use of the term “client” rather than “patient.”
17. The necessary and sufficient conditions
Therapist–client psychological contact
Client incongruence: that incongruence exists between the client's experience and awareness.
Therapist congruence, or genuineness The therapist is deeply involved him or herself
Therapist unconditional positive regard (UPR): the therapist accepts the client unconditionally, without
judgment, disapproval or approval.
Therapist empathic understanding:
Client perception
18. Three key qualities that make for a good client-
centered therapist
Genuineness
Unconditional positive regard – the therapist offers an acceptance and prizing for their client for
who he or she is without conveying disapproving feelings, actions or characteristics and
demonstrating a willingness to attentively listen without interruption, judgement or giving advice.
Empathy
19. Research has found that effective
therapies seek to
• Disrupt symptoms or remove symptoms
• Enhance the agency/competence of the patient
• Increase tolerance for emotional experience
• Provide dramatic relief, restoration of some immediate self-efficacy and
extinction of problematic
20. A counselor can help in leveraging core capacities of
employees
Can help create a culture for greater synergy in organizational learning and
development.
Can help employees increase their self-awareness regarding their thinking patterns and
behavioral tendencies so as to make them more effective as an individual and in turn
effective in their job also.
21. Dimensions that can be added to
workplace counseling
Managers could be trained in some basic counseling skills.
Some growth and development workshops can be conducted in emotional
Intelligence, Transactional Analysis, can also be conducted by the counselor.
22. Professional counselors who can stimulate personal growth in
others; offer help in addressing many situations that cause
emotional stress, including, but not limited to:
Anxiety, depression, and other mental and emotional problems and disorders
Family and relationship issues
Substance abuse and other addictions
Sexual abuse and domestic violence
Absenteeism
Career change and job stress
Social and emotional difficulties related to disability and illness
Adopting to life transitions
The death of a loved one
Appropriate referrals after assessment.
Good indicators of when you should seek counsellor
23. Potential Benefits of Counseling
The client not only learns more about him/herself, but also acquires new skills. Sometimes,
counseling involves learning more about a particular condition (e.g., depression, anxiety,
eating disorders) by which the client is affected, so that he/she can better understand
treatment options
Improved communication and interpersonal skills
greater self-acceptance and self-esteem
ability to change self-defeating behaviors/habits
Better expression and management of emotions, including anger
Relief from depression, anxiety or other mental health conditions
increased confidence and decision-making skills
ability to manage stress effectively
improved problem-solving and conflict resolution abilities
24. Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Founder of psychoanalysis
Abraham Maslow (1921-1970) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Classical conditioning phenomenon
Albert Bandura (b. 1925) Social Cognitive Theory - self-efficacy
Erick Erikson (1902-1994) Psychosocial Development
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Theory of Cognitive Development mostly for children where
intelligence is not a fixed trait.
Aaron Beck (1960s) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), developed by Albert Ellis in the 1950s,
26. Psychoanalysis
A method, developed by Freud and others, of investigating mental processes and
of treating neuroses and some other disorders of the mind.
It is based on the assumption that such disorders are the result of the rejection by
the conscious mind of factors that then persist in the unconscious as repressed
instinctual forces, causing conflicts which may be resolved or diminished by
discovering and analyzing the repressions and bringing them into consciousness
through the use of such techniques as free association, dream analysis, etc.
27. Purpose of counselling theories
Decide whether they are likely to be able to help a particular person with a
given set of concerns.
Collaborate with clients in establishing goals that are realistic in terms of the
treatment approach that is being use.
Develop an overall plan for helping people achieve their goals.
Individualize treatment by emphasizing and selecting interventions and
strategies that are most likely to be helpful to a particular person.
Assess a person’s progress against that made by other people who received
similar treatment and modify treatment if it does not seem effective.
Deepen their knowledge of and skill in their chosen theory through
experience, reading, training, and supervision.
28. ABC Model –Rational emotive therapy
ABC Model is a major part of his rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT).
REBT served as a sort of precursor to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and the ABC Model is now a
treatment commonly used in CBT interventions.
The basic idea behind the ABC model is
that “external events (A) do not cause emotions (C), but beliefs (B) and, in particular, irrational
beliefs (IB) do”
Another way to think about it is that “our emotions and behaviours (C: Consequences) are not directly
determined by life events (A: Activating Events), but rather by the way these events are cognitively
processed and evaluated (B: Beliefs)” (Oltean et al., 2017).
Furthermore, as evidenced by the first quote, REBT divides beliefs into “rational” and “irrational”
beliefs.
“a key element is helping clients see the connection between an event that may serve as a trigger,
and how irrational evaluations may cause emotional and/or behavioral consequences that often in
turn lead to increased distress or conflict”
ABC Model have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as
reducing dysfunctional thinking while increasing self-esteem and feelings of hope
29. ABC model
changing one’s beliefs in response to the environment around them, rather than changing
the environment around them.
in treating anger issues as well/avoiding anger triggers.
In general, the ABC Model works by turning irrational beliefs about activating events into
rational beliefs, which in turn leads to better consequences and emotions.
In some cases, however, such as grief, it is not about turning irrational beliefs into
rational beliefs, but it is instead about “legitimizing and normalizing” the beliefs that are
present. In most cases, though, the ABC Model targets irrational beliefs.
A: Activating Event (something happens to or around someone)
B: Belief (the event causes someone to have a belief, either rational or irrational)
C: Consequence (the belief has led to a consequence, with rational beliefs leading to
healthy consequences and irrational beliefs leading to unhealthy consequences)
D: Disputation (if one has held an irrational belief which has caused unhealthy
consequences, they must dispute that belief and turn it into a rational belief)
E: New Effect (the disputation has turned the irrational belief into a rational belief, and
the person now has healthier consequences of their belief as a result)
30.
31.
32. Techniques of counselling as per REBT
Teaching clients learn the basic ideas of REBT & understand how thoughts are linked with
emotions and behaviors
Disputing thoughts & beliefs has three forms:
Cognitive disputation
Imaginable Disputation
Behavioral Disputation
Bibliotherapy
Confrontation
Encouragement
33. Role of the counsellor in REBT
REBT counsellors are active and direct
Counsellors listen carefully for illogical or faulty statements & then challenge beliefs.
Desirable counsellors for REBT counsellors are:
Bright
Knowledgeable
Empathetic
Respectful ,genuine, persistent
Scientific in helping others.
It helps the client to change self defeating habits of thought and behavior through the
ABCDE model of REBT.
34. Rational CBT sequence
Activating Event
1. Ask for a problem
2. Define and agree on the target problem
3. Assess the consequences of the problem
4. Assess the activating event
5. Identify and assess any secondary emotional problems
Belief System
Teach the connection between the beliefs and consequences
Assess beliefs
Consequences Connect irrational beliefs and emotional consequences
Dispute irrational beliefs Prepare the patient to deepen conviction in rational beliefs
Effective outlook Encourage the patient to put new learning into practice
35. Distortions in thinking
Black-and-White - Thinking or either / or thinking.
Making Unfair Comparisons – usually in the negative
Filtering – honing in on the negative, forgetting the positive.
Personalizing - The Self-Blame Game
Mind-Reading – thinking we know what others think (negatively)
Catastrophising – imagining the worst case scenario
Overgeneralising – “I always mess up…”
Confusing Fact with Feeling – “If I think or feel this way then my thoughts/feelings must
be correct'.
Labelling – I’m a loser vs. I made a mistake.
'Can't Stand itis' – being unnecessarily intolerant
36.
37. Example
Tanya work since recently for company XYZ. She is hired because company XYZ is consolidating
three international offices in a centralized office that controls the regional markets. Tanya’s
responsibility is to ensure smooth operations, and if necessary, discuss, request, and implement
changes to standard ways of working.
Tanya is excited to successfully complete the job because challenges and hard work motivates
her. She reports directly to the country manager but also gets assigned tasks from the
department directors.
At the same time, Tanya’s direct supervisor, the country manager, assigned Tanya a job which
he requested to be complete earlier as agreed because of some urgency. As a consequence, the
country manager asked Tanya if the assignment was almost completed.
Tanya responded to her manager that the assignment was almost finished and that she will
deliver it ASAP. However, in reality, Tanya was far from completing the job. She was annoyed
because the continuous incremental work was too much for her.
However, she did not complain visibly, and she set new priorities and finalized the assignment
as fast as she could.
When she finished the assignment, the country manager was surprised about how fast she
completed the task. Tanya got praised, and her work and contributions were valued.
38. Cognitive Approach
The cognitive approach believes that abnormality stems from faulty cognitions about
others, our world and us. This faulty thinking may be through cognitive deficiencies (lack
of planning) or cognitive distortions (processing information inaccurately).
These cognitions cause distortions in the way we see things; Ellis suggested it is through
irrational thinking, while Beck proposed the cognitive triad.
We interact with the world through our mental representation of it. If our mental
representations are inaccurate or our ways of reasoning are inadequate then our
emotions and behavior may become disordered.
The cognitive therapist teaches clients how to identify distorted cognitions through a
process of evaluation.
The clients learn to discriminate between their own thoughts and reality. They learn the
influence that cognition has on their feelings, and they are taught to recognize observe
and monitor their own thoughts.
39. Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy was invented by a psychiatrist, Aaron Beck, in the 1960s.
CBT is based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact
together.
He was doing psychoanalysis at the time and observed that during his analytical sessions, his patients tended to have an
internal dialogue going on in their minds — almost as if they were talking to themselves
He invented the term automatic thoughts to describe emotion-filled thoughts that might pop up in the mind.
Beck found that people weren’t always fully aware of such thoughts, but could learn to identify and report them. If a
person was feeling upset in some way, the thoughts were usually negative and neither realistic nor helpful. Beck found
that identifying these thoughts was the key to the client understanding and overcoming his or her difficulties.
therapy employs behavioral techniques as well.
dysfunctional assumption
It helps the person understand that this is what’s going on. It helps him or her to step outside their automatic thoughts
and test them out.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an approach to psychotherapy that was originally created as a relapse-
prevention treatment for depression.
Research indicates that it may be particularly effective for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD).The focus
on MDD and cognitive processes is what distinguishes MBCT from other mindfulness-based therapies such as mindfulness-
based stress reduction (MBSR), which is applicable to a broad range of disorders, and mindfulness-based relapse
prevention which is used to treat detection.
40. Techniques of cognitive therapy
Challenging the way individuals process information
Identifying mistaken belief systems (faulty reasoning)
Self monitoring system to stop negative automotive thoughts improving
communication skills, increasing positive self statements, and doing homework
including disputing irrational thoughts.
Cognitive counsellors are active
Work with clients to make overt thoughts more covert.
Help clients modify unexamined and negative thoughts.- negative prediction ,
overgeneralization, labeling of oneself , self criticism
Counsellors work with clients on overcoming their lack of motivation
42. Mindfulness
The term mindfulness is an English translation of the Pali word sati.
Pali was the language of Buddhist psychology 2,500 years ago, and
mindfulness is the core teaching of this tradition.
Sati connotes awareness, attention, and remembering. Mindfulness in
Psychotherapy is
(1) awareness,
(2) of present experience,
(3) with acceptance.
Acceptance = nonjudgmental, kindness, friendliness Mindfulness
43. Brief theories of counselling
Reality therapy – William glasser
Role of the counsellor- accept clients in warm involved way. They develop trust through
friendliness, firmness and fairness. Pay attention to clients use of metaphors and themes.
They analyze clients choice to do or feel , positive constructive actions.
Formulating specific plans.
WDEP
Wants
Directions of their lives
Evaluation
Plan
Solution focused counselling- Steve Deshazer and Bill Hanlon
Determine how active and committed a client is to change.
Three categories of clients –visitors , complainant's ,customers
Helps clients understand their inner resources.
44. Narrative counselling – Michael white and David Epston
They are masters of asking questions.
Engage clients with basic relationship skills – attending ,paraphrasing , clarifying , summarizing
and checking
Address and eliminate problems.
Use negative reasoning.
Techniques of narrative counselling
Externalization
Awareness and objectivity
Crisis counselling ---Eric Linderman and Gerald Caplan.
Crisis counsellors need to be mature
Have good command of basic helping skills
Approximately 8-10 sessions
Techniques for counselling
Listening activities, acting strategies examining alternatives, follow up ,critical incident
debriefing.
45. Dos for counselling
1.He should develop good relationship with counsellee.
2. Develop mutual understanding, respect for counsellee.
3. Be patient.
4. Listen to the grievances carefully.
5. Develop cooperative attitude.
6. Be simple and have sympathy with the counsellee.
7. Do make attempts to know the background of worries, threats, anxiety etc.
8. Make himself available to help the counsellee.
46. Counsellor should abstain from or try to avoid the following:
1. Should not develop conflict with counselee.
2. Do not have any vested interest in counselling.
3. Do not be angry with the counselee.
4. Don’t resist.
5. Avoid being biased, be impartial.
6. Don’t exploit the counsellee for self interest.
7. Do not use pressure tactics?
47. Techniques
Releasing Emotional Tension
Effective Communication
Clarifies thinking
Performance Counselling
Counselling against Alcohol and drug use
48. Methods of Employee Counseling
1. Desensitization: According to Desensitization, once an person has been shocked in a particular
situation, it will continue to avoid it indefinitely.
2. Catharsis: Discharge of emotional tensions can be called catharsis. Emotional tensions can be
discharged by talking them out or by relieving of the painful experience which engendered them.
It helps to gain insight into the ways an emotional trauma has been affecting the behavior.
3. Insight: With the help of insight one may find that he has devalued himself unnecessarily, or his
aspirations were unrealistic, or that his childish interpretation of an event was inaccurate. Then he can
overcome his weakness.
4. Developing the new patterns: Developing new patterns becomes very often necessary when other
methods to deal with weak spots remain ineffective. In order to develop new, more satisfying emotional
reactions, the individual needs to expose himself to situations where he can experience positive
feelings.