James R. Coughlin has over 44 years of experience in food, chemical, nutritional and environmental toxicology and safety. He received his Ph.D. in Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry from UC Davis in 1979. He has since worked as a consultant and held various positions at companies including Kraft Foods and Environ International Corp, focusing on regulatory and toxicological evaluation of foods, chemicals and consumer products. He currently serves as the president of his own consulting firm, Coughlin & Associates. He is a member and leader of numerous professional societies related to food science and toxicology.

1. JAMES R. COUGHLIN, M.S., Ph.D. CFS FIFT
COUGHLIN & ASSOCIATES
Consultants in Food / Nutritional / Chemical Toxicology & Safety
8 Camillo, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656
Tel. (949) 916-6217 Cell (949) 632-4453
E-mail: jrcoughlin@cox.net Website: linkedin.com/in/jamescoughlin Twitter @JimCoughlinPhD
EDUCATION
1979 Postdoctoral Toxicologist, Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis
1979 Ph.D., Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of California, Davis
1974 M.S., Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis
1968 B.S., Chemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York
AREAS OF EXPERTISE
Over 44 years industrial experience in the area of food, chemical, nutritional and environmental toxicology/safety.
Particular emphasis on U.S. and international regulatory and toxicologic evaluation of food/environmental chemicals,
food and personal care products, coffee and meat safety, drinking water, trace elements, functional foods/ingredients
and food bioterrorism threats. Extensive assessment, communication, and management of risks of foods, chemicals,
consumer products. 35 years experience with California Proposition 65 issues management. Consultant to industry
on strategic health, safety, and regulatory issues management, including crisis communications counseling.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Coughlin & Associates (1992-present)
• President, Consultants in Food/Nutritional/Chemical Toxicology & Safety, Aliso Viejo, California.
ENVIRON International Corp. (1991-1992)
• Principal, Counsel in Health and Environmental Science, Irvine, California.
Kraft General Foods Inc. (1981-1991)
• Director, International Scientific Relations, KGF International, Tarrytown, N.Y. (1990-91).
• Director, Product Safety & External Technical Affairs, KGF International, Rye Brook, N.Y. (1988-90).
• Manager, Toxicological Affairs, Office of Scientific Affairs, General Foods Corp., N.Y. (1981-87).
Armour & Co. (1979-1981)
• Manager, Food Safety & Regulatory Affairs, Armour Research Center, Scottsdale, Arizona.
University of California, Davis (1972-1979)
• Research Assistant, Department of Food Science and Technology. Developed methods to modify lactose
in cheese whey to reduce environmental waste disposal burden (M.S. thesis). Performed chemical and
toxicological studies on previously unreported, nonvolatile N-nitroso compounds formed from nitrite and
Maillard compounds resulting from food nonenzymatic browning reactions (Ph.D. dissertation).
Albany Medical College (Summers, 1964-1968)
• Biochemical Research Technician, Department of Medicine, lipid biochemistry, Tay-Sachs Disease.
HONORS
2020 Bernard L. Oser Food Ingredient Safety Award, Institute of Food Technologists.
2013 Certified Food Scientist (CFS), Institute of Food Technologists.
2009 Fellow, Institute of Food Technologists (FIFT).
2003 FDA/CFSAN Director’s Special Citation, IFT Bioterrorism Threat Assessment Group.
2000 Industry Advancement Award for Sodium Nitrite Safety Defense, American Meat Institute.
1991 Medal of Honor, Association Scientifique Internationale du Café (ASIC), Paris.
1975-76 Jastro Competitive Research Scholarship, University of California, Davis.
1964-68 Magna cum laude Graduate & Award for Excellence in Chemistry, Siena College.

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PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS AND ELECTED POSITIONS
• President, Association for Science and Information on Coffee, Paris, 1990-1992; re-elected Board Member for
2004-present.
• Member, University of California, Davis, Leadership Board, Food Science and Technology Department, 2009-
present.
• Vice President, International Society for Trace Element Research in Humans, 1998-2000.
• Member, Planning Committee on “Potential Health Hazards Associated with Consumption of Caffeine in Food
and Dietary Supplements,” Institute of Medicine, Washington, D.C., June - December 2013.
• Member, International Maillard Reaction Society, housed at Case Western Reserve University, 2005-present.
• Member, Toxicology Forum, 1992-present, Washington, D.C.
• Member, Society for Risk Analysis, 1998-2005, McLean, Virginia.
• Member, American Society for Nutrition, 2007-present.
• Professional Member, Institute of Food Technologists, 1972-present, Chicago, Illinois.
Certified Food Scientist, 2013.
Fellow, 2009.
IFT Food Science Communicator, 2008-present.
IFT Expert Panel on Making Decisions about the Risk of Chemicals in Foods with Limited Scientific
Information, 2007-2009.
IFT Expert Panel on Food Bioterrorism Defense, 2002-2008 (consulting toxicologist on FDA contracts on
chemical and microbial threat assessment).
Toxicology and Safety Evaluation Division, Chairman, 2007-2008, 1996-97 and 1986-87; Division Executive
Committee, 1983-86; Charter Member, 1981-present.
IFT Senior Food Officials Group, 2004-present.
IFT Global Policy and Regulations Committee, member 2004-2005.
Codex Subject Expert and Head of IFT’s Codex Delegation on Contaminants in Foods, 2005-present.
Food Laws and Regulations Division, 1996-present.
Nutrition Division, 1997-present.
International Division, instrumental in founding and member 1990-1995.
International Relations Committee, 1989-1992.
Southern California Section, 1992-present.
• Member, American Frozen Food Institute, Scientific Advisory Council, 2006-2013.
• Member, William S. Wrigley Technical Advisory Board, 2003-2004.
• Past Member, American Environmental Institute, Editorial Advisory Board, Prop 65 News, San Francisco.
• Past Member, Prop 65 Clearinghouse, Advisory Board, 2004-2010.
• Member, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division, 1974-present.
Chemistry and the Law Division, 1984-present; Agrochemicals Division, 1987-present.
• Member, Specialty Coffee Asociation of America, Long Beach, California, 1996-2000.
• Member, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Food and Technology Department Advisory Board,
1996-1999.
• Member, National Food Processors Association, Washington, D.C.
Chemical Residues Task Force, 1990-91.
• Advisor, 1982-89, and Member, 1990-91, Physiological Effects of Coffee Committee, Paris.
• Member, National Coffee Association of U.S.A., New York City.
Chairman, Standards Regulations Committee, 1990-91.
Chairman, 1985-88, and Member, 1981-91, Scientific Advisory Group.
Public Relations Subcommittee, 1981-91.
• Member, International Food Information Council, Washington, D.C.
Caffeine Technical Committee, 1988-91; Food Science Communicator at present.
• Member, National Association of Chewing Gum Manufacturers, Washington, D.C.
Technical Committee, 1987-91.
Vice Chairman, EC Additives Working Group, 1989-91.

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• Member, Grocery Manufacturers of America, Inc., Washington, D.C.
Technical Committee, 1987-91.
Editorial Board, Food Safety Communications Program, 1990.
Methyl Bromide Task Force, 1987-91.
Pesticide Residues Task Force, 1983-86.
NTP Toxicology Task Force, 1983-86.
• Member, International Life Sciences Institute/Nutrition Foundation, Washington, D.C.
International Food Biotechnology Committee, 1998-present.
Antioxidant Technical Committee, Chairman of Toxicology Task Force, 1984-91.
Caffeine Technical Committee, 1982-91.
Risk Assessment Subcommittee, 1982-86.
Residue Subcommittee, 1984-87.
Proposition 65 Committee, 1987-91.
• Member, California League of Food Processors, 1993-1996, Sacramento, California.
• Member, Calorie Control Council, Atlanta, Georgia.
Scientific Committee and Cyclamate Task Force, 1982-84.
• Member, Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C.
International Food Laws Committee, 1990-91.
PUBLICATIONS
Winter, C.K., Jara, E.A. and Coughlin, J.R. 2015. “Assessing and understanding arsenic exposure.” Food
Technology 69(1): 44-48.
Coughlin, J.R. and Nehlig, A. 2013. “Coffee and cancer: A benefit-risk evaluation of the experimental and
epidemiological evidence.” Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Coffee Science, San Jose, Costa
Rica, November, 2012.
Bryan, N.S., Alexander, D.D., Coughlin, J.R., Milkowski, A.L. and Boffetta, P. 2012. “Ingested nitrate and nitrite and
stomach cancer risk: An updated review.” Food Chem. Toxicol. 50: 3646-3665.
Lineback, D.R., Coughlin, J.R. and Stadler, R.H. 2012. “Acrylamide in foods: A review of the science and future
considerations.” Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 3: 15-35.
Milkowski, A.L. and Coughlin, J.R. 2010. “Nutritional epidemiology.” Chapter 8 in Food, Nutrition and the Nitric
Oxide Pathway: Biochemistry and Bioactivity. ed. Nathan S. Bryan, DEStech Publications, Inc., Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, pp. 133-152.
Milkowski, A., Garg, H.K., Coughlin, J.R. and Bryan, N.S. 2010. “Nutritional epidemiology in the context of nitric
oxide biology: A risk-benefit evaluation for dietary nitrite and nitrate.” Nitric Oxide: Biol. Chem. 22: 110-119.
Bidlack, W.R., Birt, D., Borzelleca, J., Clemens, R., Coughlin, J.R. et al. 2009. “Making decisions about the risks of
chemicals in foods with limited scientific information.” An IFT Expert Report. Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety 8:
269-303.
Clemens, R. and Coughlin, J.R. 2007. “Coffee and Health: Surprisingly Good News.” Food Technology 61(1): 17.
Coughlin, J.R. 2006. “Coffee and health: The holistic approach.” 21st International Conference on Coffee Science,
Association for Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), Symposium Proceedings on “Beneficial Effects of Coffee
on Human Health,” Montpellier, France, September.

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Lineback, D., Pariza, M.W., Coughlin, J.R., Davies, C. et al. 2006. “Acrylamide in Food.” Council for Agricultural
Science and Technology. Issue Paper No. 32, June, 16 pages.
Coughlin, J.R. 2004. “Trace levels of animal carcinogens in coffee: An evaluation of their human cancer risk in light
of the health benefits from Maillard reaction products.” 20th International Conference on Coffee Science, Association
for Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), Symposium Proceedings on “Recent Developments on Coffee and
Health,” Bangalore, India, October.
Coughlin, J.R. 2003. “Acrylamide: What we have learned so far.” Food Technology 57(2): 100.
Rainey, C.J., L.A. Nyquist, J.R. Coughlin, and R.G. Downing. 2002. “Dietary boron intake in the United States:
CSFII 1994-96.” J. Food Comp. Anal. 15: 237-250.
Coughlin, J.R. and F.H. Nielsen. 1999. “Advances in boron essentiality research: Symposium summary.” In New
Aspects of Trace Element Research. Eds., M. Abdulla, M. Bost, S. Gamon, P. Arnaud, and G. Chazot, Smith-
Gordon, London, pp. 33-41.
Coughlin, J.R. 1999. "Advances in Boron Essentiality Research. " Guest Editor. Proceedings of the Vth
International Conference of the International Society for Trace Element Research in Humans, Lyon, France,
September 1997, J. Tr. Elem. Exp. Med. 12(3): 171-284.
Rainey, C.J., L.A. Nyquist, R.E. Christensen, P.L. Strong, B.D. Culver, and J.R. Coughlin. 1999. “Daily boron intake
from the American diet.” J. Am. Diet. Assn. 99(3): 335-340.
Coughlin, J.R. 1998. “Sources of human exposure: Overview of water supplies as sources of boron.” Biol. Trace
Elem. Res. 66: 87-100.
Coughlin, J.R. 1997. "Essentiality vs. toxicity of essential trace elements: A nutritional toxicologist looks at the Upper
Safe Level. " In Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals - TEMA-
9, National Research Council of Canada Press, 399-400.
Coughlin, J.R. 1997. "Role of risk assessment in the interpretation of studies." In Proceedings of the Ceres Forum
on Nitrite as a Food Additive: State of the Science; Chapter 8: Forum Summary and Industry Overview, Georgetown
University’s Center for Food and Nutrition Policy, December 10-11, 103-111.
Coughlin, J.R. 1996. “Symposium overview: Essentiality vs. toxicity of trace elements: New approaches to risk
assessment - Boron as a case study.” J. Tr. Elem. Exp. Med. 9(4): 133-135. Guest Editor, Proceedings.
Coughlin, J.R. 1996. “Inorganic borates: Chemistry, human exposure, and health and regulatory guidelines.” J. Tr.
Elem. Exp. Med. 9(4): 137-151.
Rainey, C.J., R.E. Christensen, L.A. Nyquist, P.L. Strong, and J.R. Coughlin. 1996. "Boron daily intake from the
American diet." FASEB J. 10(3) A785 (abstract).
Coughlin, J.R. and F.J. Murray. 1994. "The 1000-fold uncertainty factor: Scientific advances demand a reappraisal."
Guest article in the American Environmental Institute's Prop 65 News, October.
Coughlin, J.R. 1993. "An assessment of the FDA exemption repeal: Impact on growers and food processors."
Guest article in the American Environmental Institute's Prop 65 News, March.
Coughlin, J.R. 1988. "Methylene chloride: A review of its safety in coffee decaffeination." In Proceedings of the 12th
International Scientific Colloquium of the Association Scientifique Internationale du Café. Paris.

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Coughlin, J.R. 1979. Formation of N-nitrosamines from Maillard browning reaction products in the presence of
nitrite. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Davis, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Takeoka, G.R., J.R. Coughlin, and G.F. Russell. 1979. "High pressure liquid chromatographic separation of
Amadori compounds in model Maillard browning systems." In Analysis of foods and beverages--HPLC techniques,
vol. I, ed. G. Charalambous. New York: Academic Press, Inc.
Salhab, A.S., G.F. Russell, J.R. Coughlin, and D.P.H. Hsieh. 1976. "Gas-liquid chromatography and mass
spectrometric ion selective detection of sterigmatocystin in grains." J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 59:1037-1044.
Coughlin, J.R. and T.A. Nickerson. 1975. "Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lactose in whey and aqueous solutions." J.
Dairy Sci. 58:169-174.
SYMPOSIA CHAIRMAN AND ORGANIZER
Institute of Food Technologists.
- The Buzz on Caffeine: New Developments in the Safety and Regulation of Foods and Dietary Supplements,
Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June, 2014.
- Arsenic in Food: Forms, Hazards and Risks. Annual Meeting, Chicago, July, 2013.
- Ingested Nitrite/Nitrate, Endogenous Nitrosamines and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review. Annual
Meeting, Las Vegas, June, 2012.
- Arsenic in Food: Forms, Hazards and Risks. Annual Meeting, Chicago, July, 2013.
- The Long-awaited NTP Acrylamide Bioassay: Where Do We Go from Here? Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
June, 2011.
- Food Processing Toxicants: Risks and Remedies. Annual Meeting, Chicago, July, 2010.
- California Proposition 65: Foods are under Siege! Annual Meeting, Anaheim, June, 2009.
- Ensuring the Chemical Safety of Imported Food Products and Ingredients: Where Do We Go from Here?
Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June, 2008.
- Risk Assessment and Regulatory Challenges of Functional Foods: Global Industry and Government
Perspectives. Annual Meeting, Chicago, July, 2007.
- Recent Advances in the Safety Assessment of Sodium Nitrite and Cured Meats. Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
June, 2001.
- Establishing Upper Reference Levels for Nutrients in North America: Scientific Basis and Future Directions.
Eastern Food Science Conference X, IFT Regional Meeting, Newport, Rhode Island, November, 1997.
- Risk Assessment in Establishing Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients. Annual Meeting, Orlando, June, 1997;
jointly sponsored by the NAS/IOM Food and Nutrition Board.
- International Differences in Food Safety Standards and Effects on Health and Trade. Annual Meeting, New
Orleans, June, 1992.
- Risk Communication: Problems and Future Needs with Food Safety Issues. Annual Meeting, Chicago, June,
1989.
- Pesticides: Scientific and Regulatory Issues. Annual Meeting, Dallas, June, 1986.
- Caffeine: Biological Effects. Annual Meeting, June, 1983.
International Society for Trace Element Research in Humans.
- Vice President and Organizing Committee for Sixth International Congress, Quebec City, September, 2001.
- Fifth International Congress. Advances in Boron Essentiality Research. Lyon, France, September, 1998.
- Fourth International Congress. Essentiality vs. Toxicity of Trace Elements: New Approaches to Risk
Assessment--Boron as a Case Study. Taormina, Sicily, September, 1995.
Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA).
- 11th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA-11). Member of Local Organizing
Committee and Organizer of session on Toxicity and Risk Assessment of Trace Elements, Berkeley, Calif.,
June, 2002.

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- 10th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals (TEMA-10). Organizer and Co-Chair of
Symposium on “Nutritional Essentiality of Boron.” Evian, France, May, 1999.
Proposition 65 Compliance Seminars: Scientific, Regulatory and Legal Aspects. Co-organized and co-presented with
Peg Carew Toledo, partner Toledo Don LLP (previously with Mennemeier, Glassman & Stroud LLP). First, Second,
Third and Fourth Annual Seminars, Sacramento, California (June 2010, May 2011, September 2012, February 2015).
Joint Institute for Food Safety and Nutrition (JIFSAN / FDA).
- 2002 Acrylamide in Food Workshop - Scientific Issues, Uncertainties, and Research Strategies, Chicago,
October, Ad hoc Planning Committee.
- 2004 Acrylamide in Food Workshop: Update - Scientific Issues, Uncertainties, and Research Strategies,
April 13-15, Chicago, Risk Characterization Working Group and Ad hoc Planning Committee.
Toxicology Forum.
- Risk Assessment of Nutrients. Aspen, Colorado, July, 1999.
- Risk Assessment of Trace Mineral Elements: Implications for Standard Setting. Aspen, Colorado, July, 1995.
- Issues in Reproductive and Developmental Risk Assessment: Boron Toxicity as a Test Case. Washington,
D.C., February, 1994.
Association for Science and Information on Coffee, formerly the Association Scientifique Internationale du Café
(ASIC). President of ASIC (1989-1991); Chairman of the Organizing Committee, 14th International Conference on
Coffee Science, San Francisco, July, 1991; Member of the Board, 2004-present.
Southern California Institute of Food Technologists Section. Symposium on Water Safety and Waste Water
Management: A Look at Comparative Risks in Food Production and Processing, Southern California Food Industry
Conference on “Emerging Issues in Food Science, Nutrition and Technology,” Pomona, Calif., January, 1998.
Society for Risk Analysis. 10th Annual Symposium on Health Risk Assessment: Current Issues. Issues Encountered
in the Assessment of Health Risks of Essential Elements. Monterey, Calif., October, 1997.
American Chemical Society. Regulatory and Safety Aspects of Biotechnology. National Meeting, Philadelphia,
August, 1984.
American Health Foundation. International Conference on Antioxidants: Chemical, Physiological, Nutritional, and
Toxicological Aspects. Member of the Advisory Committee and Organizer of Sessions on the Safety Assessment of
Phenolic Antioxidants, and the Regulatory Aspects of Antioxidants in Foods, Tarrytown, New York, October, 1991.
International Life Sciences Institute/Nutrition Foundation. Food Antioxidants: International Perspectives, Washington,
D.C., April, 1986.
INVITED PRESENTATIONS.
“California Proposition 65 risk communication case study on coffee and carcinogens: The ‘Coffee–Cancer Paradox.’”
13th Dubai International Food Safety Conference (DIFSC) symposium on “Food Risk Communication: How to Ensure
a Consistent, Balanced Risk Analysis Approach,” Dubai, UAE, November, 2019.
“The science of food additives: Does it really matter anymore?” Institute of Food Technologists symposium on “Food
Additive Safety: Updates on Science, Regulation and Consumer Perceptions.” Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June,
2019.
Moderator. Institute of Food Technologists symposium on “California Prop 65: Everything You Need to Know Before
You're Asked About It.” Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June, 2019.

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“Unfounded risks of nitrite and nitrate in humans: The need for a new framework based on their health benefits.”
Functional Foods Center’s 26th International Conference and Expo. “Functional Foods, Bioactive Compounds, and
Biomarkers in Health and Disease, San Diego, May, 2019.
“Processed-formed chemicals and Proposition 65: Scientific considerations.” GMA Science Forum, Washington DC,
March, 2019.
“Coffee is THE Health Beverage!” Industry Day Presentation, 27th International Conference of the Association for
Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), Portland, OR, September, 2018.
“Historical aspects of the toxicology and risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite.” Institute of Food Technologists
symposium on “Is It Time to Change the Paradigm for Food Toxicology? Nitrate as a Case Study.” Annual Meeting,
Chicago, July, 2018.
“Historical considerations on the potential risks of nitrite and nitrate to humans.” Functional Foods Center
symposium, “Special Session: Dietary Nitrite and Nitrate.” 23rd International Conference and Expo on Functional
Foods. “Functional Foods, Bioactive Compounds, and Biomarkers in Health and Disease: Science and Practice,”
San Diego, April, 2018.
“California Proposition 65: Update on the coffee/acrylamide lawsuit.” Prop 65 Panel Discussion. Specialty Coffee
Association Annual Conference & Expo, Seattle, April, 2018.
“Risk assessment science and risk communication.” GMA Science Forum’s Pre-Conference Workshop 3: “Ingredient
Safety Workshop,” Washington, DC, March, 2018.
“Scientific issues.” GMA Science Forum’s Ingredient Safety Track, Session on “California Proposition 65.”
Washington, DC, March, 2018.
“Recent advances in U.S.-based research and evaluations on coffee/caffeine and health.” Fourth International
Conference on Cocoa Coffee and Tea 2017, Turin, Italy, June, 2017.
“Recent and potential chemical listings.” GMA Science Forum symposium on “Proposition 65 – Current & Emerging
Issues,” Washington, DC, April, 2017.
“Toxicology/Risks.” GMA Science Forum symposium on “Evaluating Risks and Benefits of Human Exposure to
Nitrate in the Context of Current Regulatory Benchmarks,” Washington, DC, April, 2017.
“The history of caffeine in our lives: Research to support healthful benefits.” International Food Information Council
Webinar on “Caffeine Literacy to Make Better Health Choices,” Washington, DC, March, 2017.
“The threat of new chemical listings on the horizon.” Council for Responsible Nutrition/Natural Products Insider
Webinar on “California’s Proposition 65: Recent Developments in Litigation, Regulation, and Compliance,”
Washington, DC, December, 2016.
“Coffee’s relationship to human cancer: Did IARC’S 2016 evaluation get it right?” Keynote Presentation, 26th
International Conference of the Association for Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), Kunming, China,
November, 2016.
“California Proposition 65: Focus on IARC & Meat Case Study.” University of Southern California, International
Center for Regulatory Science, lecture for course on “Food & Drug Toxicology," Los Angeles, April, 2016.

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“The safety of caffeine - An overview,” and “Reproductive health effects of caffeine.” Two presentations for
Workshop on Caffeine and Health, International Life Sciences Institute’s Focal Point in China, Beijing, November,
2015.
“Overview of coffee & health science.” Expo Milano 2015, The Global Coffee Forum, Milan, Italy, September, 2015
“Caffeine scrutiny: A closer look at the heightened attention on caffeine.” Specialty Coffee Association of America,
27th Annual Conference and Exposition, Seattle, April, 2015.
Introduction and Moderator for “Concluding panel session: Discussion on benefit-risk analysis.” International Life
Sciences Institute North America, Annual Meeting, Symposium on “Caffeine: Friend or Foe?” Phoenix, January,
2015.
“Overview of caffeine safety issues: What’s all the fuss about?” Supply Side West Global Expo & Conference,
Symposium on “Caffeine, Energy Drinks and Ingredients: Are You Prepared for FDA Action?” Las Vegas, October,
2014.
“Keynote Presentation - Caffeine safety review over three decades: Is the increased concern justified?” 25th
International Conference of the Association for Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), Armenia, Colombia,
September, 2014.
“The health, safety and regulatory issues surrounding caffeine.” Opening talk at the Symposium on Caffeine, The
Toxicology Forum, Annual Summer Meeting, Aspen, Colorado, July, 2014.
“Caffeine safety: A three-decade review and the 2013-2014 landscape.” Institute of Food Technologists symposium
on “The Buzz on Caffeine: New Developments in the Safety and Regulation of Foods and Dietary Supplements,”
Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June, 2014.
“Health effects of inorganic arsenic: Is the increased concern warranted?” Keynote Luncheon Presentation,
University of Arkansas Rice Processing Program Industry Alliance Meeting, Fayetteville, Arkansas, May, 2014.
“The arsenic debate continues: What are the facts about arsenic in food and beverages – The whole food
discussion.” University of Maryland’s Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition [JIFSAN], 2014 Annual
Spring Symposium on “The Case of Avoiding Risk: Truth or Consequences,” Beltsville, Maryland, April, 2014.
“Proposition 65 listings: NTP, IARC, Labor Code & Science Advisory Board.” Council for Responsible Nutrition/Virgo
Webinar on “Dietary Supplement Safety: From Mice to Men--How Animal Studies Translate into Human Advisories
and What You Can Do to Protect Your Company,” Washington, DC, December, 2013.
“Caffeine safety: A three-decade review…and the 2013 landscape.” Institute of Food Technologists Webinar on
“The Buzz on Caffeine: New Developments in Safety, Regulation and Adverse Event Reporting,” Washington DC
Section of IFT, November, 2013.
“Heat-processed carcinogens: What can we learn from the Coffee - Cancer Paradox?” Second International
Congress on Cocoa, Coffee and Tea (CoCoTea), Naples, Italy, October, 2013.
“Coffee / health myths and facts: Why we need a risk-benefit ‘Holistic’ approach, especially for carcinogens.” Pacific
Coast Coffee Association, 82nd Annual Convention, Aptos, California, September, 2013.
“A ‘HOT’ summer for some food additives / contaminants and herbal supplements: What are their prospects?”
Covance Food Symposium on “Current Approaches to Product Safety and Risk Mitigation,” Madison, Wisconsin,
September, 2013.

9. 9
Oral testimony on caffeine safety, before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation,
Committee Hearing on “Energy Drinks: Exploring Concerns about Marketing to Youth,” Washington, DC, July, 2013.
“Chemical hazards: How do we translate presence to risk? An overview of risk analysis.” Chemical Risk Assessment
101: A Better Understanding of a Complex Subject Made Easier, International Association for Food Protection,
Charlotte, North Carolina, July, 2013.
“Food safety/toxicology.” University of Southern California, International Center for Regulatory Science, invited
lecture for course on “Introduction to Food Science & Technology," Los Angeles, July, 2013.
“Coffee and cancer: A benefit-risk evaluation using the ‘Holistic Approach.’” Coffee at the Crossroads of Law and
Science, National Coffee Association USA, San Francisco, California, March, 2013.
“Risk-benefit evaluation of foods containing carcinogens: A new paradigm.” University of Southern California,
International Center for Regulatory Science, invited lecture for course on “Food & Drug Toxicology," Los Angeles,
February, 2013.
“Acrylamide in foods: A review of the science and future considerations.” 7th International Symposium on Deep
Frying, San Francisco, February, 2013.
“Heat-processed carcinogens: What can we learn from the ‘Coffee-Cancer Paradox’”? International Society for
Nutraceuticals & Functional Foods, Annual Conference and Exhibition, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, December, 2012.
Keynote Presentation - “Coffee and cancer: A benefit-risk evaluation of the experimental and epidemiologic
evidence.” Joint presentation with Astrid Nehlig, Research Director, the French National Medical Research Institute
(INSERM), 24th International Conference of the Association for Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), San Jose,
Costa Rica, November, 2012.
“Update on acrylamide, furan and Prop 65 toxicants.” American Bakers Association, Food Technical Regulatory
Affairs Committee, Washington, DC, October, 2012.
“Arsenic in foods and beverages.” Webinars for journailsts. International Food Information Council, Washington, DC,
June and September, 2012.
“Risk-benefit evaluation of foods containing carcinogens: A new paradigm.” University of Southern California, Invited
lecture for course on “Regulation of Foods and Dietary Supplements.” Los Angeles, June, 2012.
“Lack of carcinogenic activity of nitrite and nitrate in animal cancer bioassays.” Symposium on “Ingested
Nitrite/Nitrate, Endogenous Nitrosamines and Cancer Risk: A Comprehensive Review.” IFT Annual Meeting, Las
Vegas, June, 2012.
“Proposition 65: Foods and dietary supplements are under siege!” Symposium on “Hot Topics – What Everyone
Needs to Know.” Supplier’s Night Expo, Southern California Food Industry Conference, Anaheim, March, 2012.
“California Proposition 65: Update on scientific and legal issues impacting food.” California League of Food
Processors, Board of Directors Meeting, Carmel, California, October, 2011.
“Acrylamide: Analysis of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) study results.” American Bakers Association, Food
Technical Regulatory Affairs Committee Meeting, Washington, DC, June, 2011.
“National Toxicology Program’s acrylamide bioassay: Risk assessment considerations.” Symposium on “The Long-
awaited NTP Acrylamide Bioassay: Where Do We Go from Here?” IFT Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June, 2011.
“National Toxicology Program acrylamide bioassay and risk assessment considerations.” Snack Food Association,
“Acrylamide Conference,” Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, June, 2011.

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“California Proposition 65: Scientific, regulatory and legal issues impacting the food industry.” Northern California
Section of IFT, Pleasanton, California, May, 2011.
“Overview of National Toxicology Program’s acrylamide bioassay and risk assessment considerations.” Joint
Webinar for the International Food Information Council and Grocery Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC,
April, 2011.
“Risk-benefit evaluation of foods containing carcinogens: A new paradigm.” Chapman University, Food Science
Department, Orange, California, March, 2011.
“California Proposition 65: Update on scientific and legal issues.” International Food Information Council, Webinar for
the Food Ingredients Communications Forum, October, 2010.
“California Proposition 65: Update on scientific and legal issues impacting the food and dietary supplement
industries.” Supply Side West International Trade Show & Conference, Las Vegas, October, 2010.
Keynote Presentation - “Coffee and health – Facts and myths: Need for the risk-benefit holistic approach.” 23rd
Conference of the Association for Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), Bali, Indonesia, October, 2010.
“Proposition 65: Foods and dietary supplements are under siege!” Symposium on “New Solutions to Food and
Dietary Supplement Analytical Changes.” Symposium sponsored by Covance Laboratories, Anaheim, September,
2010.
“Beyond acrylamide: Risk-benefit evaluation of Maillard-Browned foods containing animal carcinogens.” Symposium
on “Food Processing Toxicants: Risks and Remedies.” IFT Annual Meeting, Chicago, July, 2010.
“California Proposition 65: Challenges facing the coffee industry.” Session on “Science – The True Power of Coffee.”
National Coffee Association of USA Annual Convention, Dana Point, California, March, 2010.
“Risk-benefit evaluation of foods containing carcinogens: A new paradigm.” Invited Seminar, Dept. of Food Science
and Technology, University of California, Davis, January, 2010.
“Webinar on risk-benefit: the whole food approach.” With R. Hall and D. Birt, IFT, Chicago, July, 2009.
“Scientific and regulatory challenges facing the food industry.” Symposium on “California Proposition 65: Foods are
Under Siege!” IFT Annual Meeting, Anaheim, June, 2009.
“Risk–benefit evaluation (Whole Food approach).” Symposium on “Making Decisions about the Risks of Chemicals
in Foods with Limited Scientific Information, An IFT Expert Report.” IFT Annual Meeting, Anaheim, June, 2009.
“Why listing issues are not going Away.” Plenary Session, Panel Member. Prop 65 Clearinghouse Annual
Conference, San Francisco, June, 2009.
“California Proposition 65: Foods and dietary supplements have become major targets!” Supply Side West
International Trade Show & Conference, Las Vegas, October, 2008.
“Standards of scientific evidence: How do they impact food safety and health risk?” Symposium on “Is It Overdone?
Examining the Meat and Cancer Hypothesis and Its Impact on Food Safety,” International Association for Food
Protection 95th Annual Meeting, Columbus, Ohio, August, 2008.
“Bioterrorism defense: Implications for the food supply chain.” University of Southern California, Lecture for course
on “Regulation of Foods and Dietary Supplements.” Los Angeles, July, 2008 and June, 2010.

11. 11
“Outlining the risk with imported foods / ingredients.” Food Chemistry Division Symposium on “Development of a
System to Assure the Safety of Imported Foods and Ingredients,” IFT Annual Meeting, Chicago, July, 2008.
“Coffee and health: Surprisingly good news about disease reductions.” Supply Side West International Trade Show
& Conference, Las Vegas November, 2007.
“Epidemiological causation criteria.” American Meat Institute, Meat Industry Research Conference, Chicago,
October, 2007.
“Risk-benefit assessment of foods containing heat-induced carcinogens.” Symposium on “Chemistry and Toxicology
of Acrylamide,” American Chemical Society 234th National Meeting, Boston, August, 2007.
“Food Safety/Toxicology.” University of Southern California, Lecture for course on “Regulation of Foods and Dietary
Supplements.” Los Angeles, August, 2007 and June, 2009.
“Risk-benefit evaluation of foods containing acrylamide.” Nutrition Division Symposium on “Health Benefits or
Heightened Risks: Evaluating the Odds,” IFTAnnual Meeting, Chicago, July, 2007.
“Coffee and health overview.” Co-organizer and Co-chairman of “Controversy Session: Beneficial Health Effects of
Coffee Drinking: Recent Advances in Epidemiologic and Experimental Knowledge,” Experimental Biology Annual
Meeting, American Society for Nutrition, Washington, D.C. April, 2007.
“How to advise your clients: From compliance to settlements.” Panel Member. Prop 65 Clearinghouse Annual
Conference, San Francisco, March, 2007.
“Coffee and health: A role for nutrigenomics.” Symposium on “Nutrigenomics: The New Science of Genes, Nutrition,
and Health”, National Coffee Association of USA, New York, February, 2007.
“Update on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph on ingested nitrite and nitrate.”
Meat Industry Research Conference, American Meat Institute and the American Meat Science Association,
Hollywood, Florida, October, 2006.
“Update on the International Agency for Research on Cancer review of nitrate and nitrite.” Webinar for the American
Meat Institute Foundation, Washington, DC, April, 2006.
Keynote Presentation - “Coffee and health: The holistic approach.” International Conference on Coffee Science,
Association for Science and Information on Coffee (ASIC), Symposium on “Beneficial Effects of Coffee on Human
Health,” Montpellier, France, September, 2006.
“Acrylamide in foods: Health effects and risk assessment.” Symposium on “Acrylamide in Foods,”
IFT Annual Meeting, Orlando, June, 2006.
“What is the relevance of animal models for predicting human health? Do we need to change our practices for
establishing regulatory limits based on testing in animals?” Symposium on “Making Food Safety Decisions When the
Science is Incomplete: Where Does Scientific Knowledge End and Other Approaches Begin?” Global Food Safety
and Quality Conference, IFT Annual Meeting, Orlando, June, 2006.
“How do you do a risk assessment?” Panel Member. Twenty Years of Prop. 65: What Have We Learned and What’s
Next?, Prop 65 Clearinghouse Annual Conference, San Francisco, March, 2006.
“Proposition 65: Chemical listing controversies and challenges to herbal products.” American Herbal Products
Association, Anaheim, March, 2006.

12. 12
“Coffee as a functional food.” Symposium on “Coffee: Breaking News about Health, Fitness and Performance.”
National Coffee Association of USA, New York, November, 2005.
“Meeting the challenge of Proposition 65.” AMI International Meat, Poultry & Seafood Industry Exposition, Worldwide
Food Expo ’05, Chicago, October, 2005.
“Acrylamide and furan in cooked foods: Toxicological evaluation of risks to humans.” National Council of Chain
Restaurants, Food Safety Task Force, Miami, January, and San Diego, June, 2005.
“Sampling and detection of chemical & radiological contaminants.” Summit Conference on “Food Defense Pertaining
to Potential Intentional Contamination,” Institute of Food Technologists, Chicago, April, 2005.
“How Proposition 65 science addresses toxics in food.” Food for Thought: What Does Preemption, Risk Assessment
Science, and a New Trend Toward Trials Mean to Proposition 65 Stakeholders?, Prop 65 Clearinghouse Annual
Conference, San Francisco, March, 2005.
“Coffee and cancer risk: Anti-carcinogens in coffee.” 30th Annual Winter Toxicology Forum, Symposium on “Coffee
and Cancer Risk,” Washington, DC, January, 2005.
“Coffee as a functional food: How, why, when and how much?” The National Coffee Association of U.S.A., Inc.,
Symposium for the Media, “Coffee and Your Health: Surprising Findings,” New York, October, 2004.
Keynote Presentation - “Acrylamide and furan in coffee: A toxicological evaluation of potential risks to humans.”
ASIC 20th International Conference on Coffee Science, Symposium on “Recent Developments on Coffee and
Health,” Bangalore, India, October, 2004.
“Trace levels of chemicals in food: Are they really contributing to risk?” IFT/FACS Seminar for Journalists,
“Reporting on Food Safety: From Product Development to Consumer Choices,” IFT Annual Meeting, Las Vegas,
July, 2004.
“Risk communication in food toxicology: A focus on carcinogens.” IFT Forum, “Perception vs. Reality:
Communicating Risk in the Era of Modern Food Analysis,” IFT Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, July, 2004.
“Carcinogen risk characterization of acrylamide: Issues specific to California Proposition 65.” American Chemical
Society Spring Meeting, Symposium on “Chemistry and Safety of Acrylamide in Food,” Anaheim, March, 2004.
“Acrylamide in foods: A toxicology update and discussion.” Acrylamide Advisory Board Meeting, Food Research
Institute, University of Wisconsin, February, 2004, Madison, Wisconsin, February, 2004.
“Acrylamide in foods: A global dilemma.” Joint International Meeting of The Japanese Society of Toxicologic
Pathology & The International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists, Kobe, Japan, February, 2004.
"Acrylamide update: A global regulatory and toxicological evaluation of potential risks to humans." AOAC
International Annual Meeting, Symposium on "International Update on Acrylamide in Foods," Atlanta, September,
2003.
"California's Proposition 65: Should it apply to acrylamide in foods?" Symposium on "Acrylamide in Foods:
Chemistry, Toxicology and Regulations," IFT Annual Meeting,Chicago, July, 2003.
“An update on acrylamide in food.” Plenary Opening Lecture, JIFSAN Acrylamide in Food Workshop, Rosemont, IL,
October, 2002.
“Overview of acrylamide in foods: A nutritional toxicologist’s perspective.” Symposium, 116th AOAC International
Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, September, 2002.

13. 13
"Risk assessment of essential trace elements: An international perspective.” Eleventh International Symposium on
Trace Elements in Man and Animals - TEMA-11, Berkeley, June, 2002.
"Naturally occurring may not be as natural as we think." Prop 65 News Conference. San Diego, March, 2002.
“Coffee and health: Myths, facts and nutraceutical benefits.” Continuing Education Program, Nutraceuticals:
Advances in Food Science in Relationship to Health. Institute of Food Technologists, Orlando, March, 2002.
“Safety evaluation of nutraceuticals: A toxicologist’s perspective.” Continuing Education Program on Nutraceuticals:
Advances in Food Science in Relationship to Health. Institute of Food Technologists, Orlando, March, 2002.
“Reproductive and developmental effects of sodium nitrite: The California Proposition 65 challenge.” Symposium on
Recent Advances in the Safety Assessment of Sodium Nitrite and Cured Meats. IFT Annual Meeting, New Orleans,
June, 2001.
"Science of Proposition 65: What’s on the horizon – An industrial perspective." Prop 65 News Conference 2000.
San Diego, March, 2000.
“Sodium nitrite and health: What do we really know – Focus on animal carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity.”
1999 International Meat, Poultry & Seafood Convention and Exposition, Chicago, October, 1999.
“Advances in essentiality research for boron.” Symposium on “Boron: The New Nutrient.” 113th AOAC International
Annual Meeting and Exposition, Houston, September, 1999.
“Boron risk assessment: Tolerable upper intake level.” Workshop presentation for the National Academy of
Sciences’ Food and Nutrition Board, Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes,
Micronutrients Panel, at Experimental Biology ’99, Washington, D.C., April, 1999.
"Nitrite toxicology issues: Upcoming challenges – California Proposition 65 and the National Toxicology Program
cancer bioassay of sodium nitrite." 1998 Meat Industry Research Conference, American Meat Institute Foundation,
Philadelphia, September, 1998.
“Coffee and health: Facts and myths.” Specialty Coffee Association of America’s 10th Annual Conference, Denver,
April, 1998.
"Proposition 65 science for the non-scientist." Faculty Member, Prop 65 News 12th Year Seminars: “Science, Law,
Information and the Global Marketplace,” San Francisco, February, 1998.
"Proposition 65 science in the second decade." Panel Member, Prop 65 News 12th Year Conference: “Proposition
65: Going National or Going Away?” San Francisco, February, 1998.
“California and federal drinking water laws and regulations impacting the food processing industry.” Symposium on
Water Safety and Waste Water Management: A Look at Comparative Risks in Food Production and Processing,
Southern California Food Industry Conference on “Emerging Issues in Food Science, Nutrition and Technology
1998,” California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, January, 1998.
"Role of risk assessment in the interpretation of studies." Panel Member, "Forum Summary and Industry Overview."
Ceres Forum on Nitrite as a Food Additive: State of the Science, sponsored by Georgetown University’s Center for
Food & Nutrition Policy, Washington, D.C., November, 1997.
“Establishing upper reference levels for nutrients in North America: Scientific basis and future directions.”
Eastern Food Science Conference X, IFT Regional Meeting, Newport, Rhode Island, November, 1997.

14. 14
“Overview of food and water as sources of boron.” Second International Symposium on the Health Effects of Boron
and Its Compounds, Irvine, California, October, 1997.
“A debate on Proposition 65 science.” Seminar on California Proposition 65: Science, Law and Information, Los
Angeles, March, 1997.
“Specialty coffees: No where to go but up.” Symposium on Beverage Ingredients for Romance and Profit. Southern
California Food Industry Conference on “Emerging Issues in Food Science, Nutrition and Technology,” Orange
Coast College, Costa Mesa, California, January, 1997.
"Essentiality vs. toxicity of essential trace elements: A nutritional toxicologist looks at the Upper Safe Level." Ninth
International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals - TEMA-9, Banff, Alberta, Canada, May, 1996.
"Scientific ambiguities in interpretation of Proposition 65 exposure assessment methodology." Roundtable Session:
Proposition 65 - What’s Happening to the Science? 35th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology, Anaheim,
March, 1996.
"Prop. 65: A guide for the national debate on risk assessment." Panel Discussion Organizer and Moderator, Prop 65
News Conference on Proposition 65 in the New Political Era, Sacramento, January, 1996.
"Inorganic borates: Chemistry, human exposure and health and regulatory guidelines." Symposium on Essentiality
vs. Toxicity of Trace Elements: New Approaches to Risk Assessment--Boron as a Case Study. International Society
for Trace Elements Research in Humans, Fourth International Congress, Taormina, Sicily, September, 1995.
"Introduction: Risk assessment of trace mineral elements: Implications for standard setting." Symposium at the
Summer Toxicology Forum, Aspen, Colorado, July, 1995.
"Coffee and health ‘95: A scientific and media update." 84th Annual Convention of the National Coffee Association of
U.S.A., Boca Raton, Florida, March, 1995.
“Proposition 65: A better understanding.” Symposium on the Everchanging Environment: Current Environmental
Issues. Southern California Food Industry Conference on “Emerging Issues in Food Science and Technology,”
Chapman University, Orange, California, January, 1994.
"Environmental and dietary exposures and nutritional significance of boron." Seminar on Boron-Containing
Compounds: Health Effects and Risk Assessment, presented to Health and Welfare Canada, Bureau of Chemical
Hazards, Ottawa, November, 1993.
"Proposition 65 scientific issues." American Environmental Institute Conference on California's Proposition 65: Its
Impact on the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Industries, Washington, D.C., June, 1993.
"Personal exposure to boron: Dietary and consumer product exposures and nutritional significance." Forum on
Boron-Containing Chemicals, presented to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, February, 1993.
"Proposition 65: Lessons learned and future concerns." Dinner speaker at the Southern California Section Meeting,
Institute of Food Technologists, Universal City, California, February, 1993.
"Case studies: Pesticides and pesticide residues." Symposium on International Differences in Food Safety
Standards and Effects on Health and Trade, IFT Annual Meeting, New Orleans, June, 1992.
"International trade and global harmonization: A look at food safety issues." Southern California Food Industry
Conference on Emerging Issues in Food Science and Technology 1992, Chapman University, Orange, California,
January, 1992.

15. 15
"Food safety: Concern or conjecture?" Issues Forum of the National Agri-Marketing Association, Chicago,
September, 1990.
"The public's perception of risk: The challenge of better risk communication." 94th Annual Conference of the
Association of Food and Drug Officials, Denver, June, 1990.
"International perspective on the safety of caffeine-containing beverages." Cornell University, Department of Food
Science & Technology, October, 1988; and University of California, Davis, Department of Environmental Toxicology,
December, 1988.
"Methylene chloride: A review of its safety in coffee decaffeination." 12th International Scientific Colloquium,
Montreux, Switzerland, June, 1987.
"Coffee and health: Scientific and public relations issues management." 76th Annual Convention of the National
Coffee Association of U.S.A., Boca Raton, Florida, February, 1987.
"Pesticide residues in foods: Scientific and regulatory issues." Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society,
Symposium on Food and Drug Law: Selected Issues of Relevance for Chemists and Managers, Chicago,
September, 1985.
"Food industry--lessons learned." Symposium on Pesticide Residues: Policy, Practice, and Protection, Summer
Toxicology Forum, Aspen, Colorado, July, 1985.
"Pesticide residues in foods." Institute of Food Technologists/Society of Toxicology Joint Symposium on Biological
Activity of and Effects of Food Processing Operations on Selected Food Borne Toxicants, 24th Annual Meeting,
Society of Toxicology, San Diego, March, 1985.
"Ethylene dibromide: An industry perspective." Symposium on Chemical Aspects of Food Safety, USDA Eastern
Regional Research Center, Philadelphia, April, 1984.
"Synthesis, mutagenicity and human health implications of N-nitroso Amadori compounds from Maillard browning
reactions in the presence of nitrite." American Chemical Society/Chemical Society of Japan Congress, Honolulu,
April, 1979.
"Mutagenic N-nitroso Amadori compounds formed from model Maillard nonenzymatic browning products in the
presence of nitrite." 18th Annual Meeting, Society of Toxicology, New Orleans, March, 1979.
"Formation of N-nitrosamines in food and model systems." Meeting of the Northern California Institute of Food
Technologists, University of California, Davis, November, 1976.
"The use of Porapak trap and solvent extraction methods in isolating volatiles from a heated D-glucose/hydrogen
sulfide/ammonia model system." 172d American Chemical Society National Meeting, San Francisco, September,
1976.
"Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lactose in whey and aqueous solutions." 69th Annual Meeting of the American Dairy
Science Association, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, June, 1974.