Relationship between body mass index and in hospital outcomes of acute myocar...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and in-hospital outcomes for acute myocardial infarction patients. The study found that the majority of patients had above normal BMI levels in the overweight to obese categories. Around two-thirds of patients experienced in-hospital problems like recurrent heart attacks, cardiogenic shock, or death. There was a high statistically significant relationship found between higher BMI and worse in-hospital outcomes. Therefore, the study recommends critical care nurses monitor patients' nutritional status through BMI assessments to provide individualized care aiming to improve outcomes and reduce complications.
Relationship between body mass index and in hospital outcomes of acute myocar...Alexander Decker
This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and in-hospital outcomes among 60 acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Egypt. The majority of patients were overweight or obese, with a mean BMI of 31.52. Around two-thirds of patients experienced adverse in-hospital outcomes like recurrent heart attacks, cardiogenic shock, or death. A high statistically significant relationship was found between higher BMI and worse in-hospital outcomes. The study concluded that most patients had above-normal BMI that was significantly related to their adverse clinical outcomes during hospitalization.
1. Recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs in about 21% of patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes.
2. Recurrent MI significantly increases the risks of subsequent cardiac mortality, noncardiac mortality, stroke, and bleeding.
3. Early recurrent MIs within 1 day of the initial PPCI are associated with higher unadjusted cardiac mortality compared to later recurrent MIs, but after adjustment, recurrent MIs occurring more than 1 year after PPCI carry the highest risk of cardiac death.
Valut az rischio anest sia napoli dic 2008;italian + bibliografyClaudio Melloni
evaluation of operative risk for non cardiac surgery ;for anesthesia and surgery.Cardiac conditions,including heart failure ,use of betablockers,stains.Diabetes risk,including difficult intubation.Thromboembolic risk,
The University of Virginia Department of Medicine is hosting the 38th Annual Recent Advances in Clinical Medicine Conference from October 26-28, 2011 at the Omni Charlottesville Hotel. The conference will feature lectures on current issues in both outpatient and inpatient care, as well as interdisciplinary sessions on topics such as sleep disorders, joint replacement, and caring for pregnant patients. Attendees will have opportunities to ask questions and discuss cases with speakers. The conference aims to provide practical information that physicians can apply in their practices. It is designed for generalists but also specialists staying updated in their fields.
Early nutritional screening and support can benefit recovery after stroke by decreasing complications like infections, pressure ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Several deficits from stroke can impair eating, such as inability to sit upright, loss of arm function, and swallowing problems. While malnutrition is common after stroke and worsens outcomes, current practice lacks standardized screening and nutrition is not prioritized. Early nutritional assessment and intervention could improve stroke recovery and reduce mortality risk.
Early nutritional screening and support can benefit recovery after stroke by decreasing complications like infections, pressure ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Several deficits from stroke can impair eating, such as inability to sit upright, loss of arm function, and swallowing problems. While malnutrition is common after stroke and worsens outcomes, current practice lacks standardized screening and nutrition is not prioritized. Early nutritional assessment and intervention could improve stroke recovery and reduce mortality risk.
Relationship between body mass index and in hospital outcomes of acute myocar...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study examining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and in-hospital outcomes for acute myocardial infarction patients. The study found that the majority of patients had above normal BMI levels in the overweight to obese categories. Around two-thirds of patients experienced in-hospital problems like recurrent heart attacks, cardiogenic shock, or death. There was a high statistically significant relationship found between higher BMI and worse in-hospital outcomes. Therefore, the study recommends critical care nurses monitor patients' nutritional status through BMI assessments to provide individualized care aiming to improve outcomes and reduce complications.
Relationship between body mass index and in hospital outcomes of acute myocar...Alexander Decker
This study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and in-hospital outcomes among 60 acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Egypt. The majority of patients were overweight or obese, with a mean BMI of 31.52. Around two-thirds of patients experienced adverse in-hospital outcomes like recurrent heart attacks, cardiogenic shock, or death. A high statistically significant relationship was found between higher BMI and worse in-hospital outcomes. The study concluded that most patients had above-normal BMI that was significantly related to their adverse clinical outcomes during hospitalization.
1. Recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs in about 21% of patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes.
2. Recurrent MI significantly increases the risks of subsequent cardiac mortality, noncardiac mortality, stroke, and bleeding.
3. Early recurrent MIs within 1 day of the initial PPCI are associated with higher unadjusted cardiac mortality compared to later recurrent MIs, but after adjustment, recurrent MIs occurring more than 1 year after PPCI carry the highest risk of cardiac death.
Valut az rischio anest sia napoli dic 2008;italian + bibliografyClaudio Melloni
evaluation of operative risk for non cardiac surgery ;for anesthesia and surgery.Cardiac conditions,including heart failure ,use of betablockers,stains.Diabetes risk,including difficult intubation.Thromboembolic risk,
The University of Virginia Department of Medicine is hosting the 38th Annual Recent Advances in Clinical Medicine Conference from October 26-28, 2011 at the Omni Charlottesville Hotel. The conference will feature lectures on current issues in both outpatient and inpatient care, as well as interdisciplinary sessions on topics such as sleep disorders, joint replacement, and caring for pregnant patients. Attendees will have opportunities to ask questions and discuss cases with speakers. The conference aims to provide practical information that physicians can apply in their practices. It is designed for generalists but also specialists staying updated in their fields.
Early nutritional screening and support can benefit recovery after stroke by decreasing complications like infections, pressure ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Several deficits from stroke can impair eating, such as inability to sit upright, loss of arm function, and swallowing problems. While malnutrition is common after stroke and worsens outcomes, current practice lacks standardized screening and nutrition is not prioritized. Early nutritional assessment and intervention could improve stroke recovery and reduce mortality risk.
Early nutritional screening and support can benefit recovery after stroke by decreasing complications like infections, pressure ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Several deficits from stroke can impair eating, such as inability to sit upright, loss of arm function, and swallowing problems. While malnutrition is common after stroke and worsens outcomes, current practice lacks standardized screening and nutrition is not prioritized. Early nutritional assessment and intervention could improve stroke recovery and reduce mortality risk.
Early nutritional screening and support can benefit recovery after stroke by decreasing complications like infections, pressure ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Several deficits from stroke can impair eating, such as inability to sit upright, loss of arm function, and swallowing problems. While malnutrition is common after stroke and worsens outcomes, current practice lacks standardized screening and nutrition is not prioritized. Early nutritional assessment and intervention could improve stroke recovery and reduce mortality risk.
1) The study compared outcomes of pancreatectomy with arterial resection versus palliation in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
2) 73 patients who underwent pancreatectomy with arterial resection or palliation between 2008-2017 were analyzed.
3) The study found that arterial resection had comparable perioperative mortality and morbidity to palliation, and provided superior long-term survival outcomes compared to palliation.
In this ppt, I am going to discuss the role of ICD in the patient with Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. I am going to discuss all the major trials done in the patient with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Screening for asymptomatic cad in diabetesShyam Jadhav
Diabetes is a growing global health problem, affecting over 246 million people worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death for those with diabetes. While diabetes itself increases the risk of cardiovascular events, controlling individual risk factors can help prevent related complications. There is ongoing debate around screening asymptomatic diabetic patients for coronary artery disease. Supporters argue early detection could improve outcomes, but critics note current tests are not perfect and may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures. Further research is still needed to identify high-risk groups who could benefit most from screening.
This document discusses chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. It notes that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, especially those with heart disease. Several chemotherapy agents can cause cardiotoxicity, including anthracyclines like doxorubicin, which can cause arrhythmias, myocardial necrosis, and cardiomyopathy. The risk increases with higher cumulative doses and factors like older age. Monitoring ejection fraction is important to detect toxicity early. While some damage may be permanent, early detection allows modifying treatment to prevent worsening heart failure.
This randomized controlled trial assessed whether the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran could prevent major vascular complications in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). Between 2013-2017, 1754 patients from 84 hospitals in 19 countries with MINS within 35 days of surgery were assigned to receive dabigatran 110 mg twice daily or placebo for up to 2 years. The primary outcome was a composite of major vascular events, and occurred in fewer patients receiving dabigatran compared to placebo. The primary safety outcome of major bleeding occurred similarly between groups. Among patients with MINS, dabigatran lowered the risk of major vascular complications without increasing bleeding risk.
The document discusses quality improvement initiatives in several countries aimed at reducing patient harm and mortality in healthcare. It outlines specific interventions and goals for the UK, Scotland, Denmark, Canada, Wales, and the US including reducing surgical complications, preventing central line infections, reducing harm from high-risk medicines, and preventing MRSA infections. Evidence is presented on the impact of certain interventions like proper use of antibiotics, beta blockers, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in surgery.
Cardiology manscript from medical schoolKate Moreng
This study examined risk factor management (RFM) adherence and outcomes among 2,498 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. At 1 month post-discharge, patients reported their recall of receiving RFM instructions and adherence levels, which were categorized as poor, partial, careful, or very careful. Very careful adherence was most common for medication adherence (94%). Patients reporting poor adherence were 58% more likely to report angina at 1 year compared to very careful adherence. However, RFM adherence was not associated with quality of life, physical functioning, rehospitalization, or mortality. While discharge instructions aim to improve post-AMI prognosis, greater research is needed on how adherence impacts outcomes.
The study examined the effects of an alveolar recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure on arterial oxygenation during laparoscopic bariatric surgery, finding that patients who received a recruitment maneuver had significantly higher Pa02/Fi02 ratios intraoperatively but no significant difference after extubation, suggesting recruitment maneuvers can improve oxygenation during surgery but the effects may be temporary.
Cardiac risk ,lecture presented at Palermo,Italy 2009Claudio Melloni
This document discusses key considerations for cardiac risk stratification in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. It emphasizes that a risk assessment tool should accurately predict perioperative cardiac events and non-events. It also should influence outcomes by identifying high-risk patients for whom surgery should be cancelled or treatment changed, and subgroups that do or do not benefit from proven therapy. The tool must also have a favorable balance of benefits and harms. It then provides details on the Goldman cardiac risk index and revised Lee cardiac risk index used to stratify patients into different risk levels.
This document summarizes guidelines for evaluating patients presenting with chest pain. It discusses the initial risk stratification process, which involves obtaining a history, physical exam, and electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG is critical for identifying ST-segment elevation, which indicates need for immediate reperfusion therapy. Biomarkers such as troponin are also important to detect cardiac injury. Various imaging modalities can further risk stratify patients with no initial evidence of acute coronary syndrome, including myocardial perfusion imaging, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The goal is to safely identify low-risk patients who can be managed as outpatients.
Spinal cord infarction is a rare type of stroke that can cause devastating neurological deficits ranging from minor weakness to paralysis. It is often caused by cardiogenic embolism, spinal artery atherosclerosis, or aortic pathology. Clinical features may include anterior or posterior spinal cord syndromes. Diagnosis involves spinal MRI and angiography. Management requires identifying and addressing the underlying cause while preventing complications through rehabilitation.
The University of Virginia Department of Medicine is hosting its 36th Annual Recent Advances in Clinical Medicine Conference from October 28-30, 2009 at the Omni Charlottesville Hotel. The conference will feature lectures on various medical specialties from allergy/immunology to psychiatry delivered by UVA faculty. Attendees will have opportunities for interactive case discussions and workshops. The goal is for attendees to learn how to better manage and evaluate patients for various clinical issues. Charlottesville provides a beautiful fall setting for the conference near Thomas Jefferson's UVA and Monticello estates.
MWEBAZA VICTOR - Nuclear Cardiology The Basics-How To Set Up And Maintain A ...Dr. MWEBAZA VICTOR
This document provides an overview of how to establish and maintain a nuclear cardiology laboratory. It discusses the necessary equipment, staff qualifications, patient preparation, stress testing protocols, imaging acquisition and processing parameters, image analysis and display, reporting, quality assurance, and laboratory accreditation. The goal is to offer practical guidance to cardiologists and nuclear medicine physicians on setting up and running a high-quality outpatient nuclear cardiology facility.
The document summarizes the award winners of the GRMERC Research Day 2009. It lists the award categories and winners, including awards for best research and case presentations from various medical departments and schools, including MSU College of Human Medicine, Grand Valley State University Physician Assistant Program, and Fellowship programs. The winners presented on topics ranging from diabetic macular edema to complications of methanol intoxication to bariatric surgery outcomes.
CHD Secondary Prevention Clinics in Primary Care; a critical assessmentJosep Vidal-Alaball
There is a need for CHD secondary prevention in primary care. This need has been addressed providing specialized clinics run by nurses or GPs. Whether with this clinics we are meeting this need is a question to be answered.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Cardiovascular Disease
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease posits a major cause of premature deaths and disability throughout the world and contributes to a significant increase in healthcare costs, particularly in medication, healthcare services, and production loss. Specifically, heart diseases and stroke accommodate the highest prevalence rate in the USA; accommodate an average of 610,000 and 365,000 annual deaths from CVD (CDC, 2015). Similarly, every year, CVD causes the USA approximately, $207 billion for medication, healthcare services, and productivity loss. Noteworthy, heart diseases and stroke incidences vary with factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, and individuals with certain disorders. Similarly, the project accommodates notable articulations on intervention, comparison, outcome, and time as a fundamental consideration in heart diseases and stroke in the USA. Thus, an enriched articulation on heart diseases and stroke are underscoring for the project presentation.
Definition
According to (Mayo Clinic, 2018), Heart disease describes a condition that affects the heart; including blood vessels diseases arrhythmias, and other heart defects. Significantly, the heart disease is interchangeable for the CVD, articulating on the infections involving narrowed or blocked blood vessels, causing a heart attack, chest pain, and stroke, among other clinical presentations. Similarly, (Mayo Clinic, 2018) acknowledges that many CVD is preventable and treatable with healthy lifestyle choices.
Epidemiology
Cardiovascular diseases posits an undying cause of death in the USA, projected at 840, 678 deaths in 2016, averagely one in three deaths (Salim et al. 2020). Similarly, between 2013 and 2016 121.5 million adults Americans presented notable for of the CVD. Notably, between 2013 and 2015 direct and indirect costs of managing the CVD in the USA, recorded $213.8 billion and $137.4 billion respectively. Statistically, between 2013 and 2016, 57.1% of non-HN black females and 60.1% of non-HN black males presenting CVD manifestations (Salim et al. 2020). According to the researcher causes of the CVD Include atherosclerosis resulting from an unhealthy diet, lacking exercise, overweight, and smoking. In the epistemology studies, risk factors such as age, sex, family history, smoking, chemotherapy and radiation drugs, high blood pressure, poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity, stress, and poor hygiene are underscoring risk factors in the CVD (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Thus, heart disease epistemological indicates the patterns, causes, risk factors, and specific populations in the USA.
Clinical Presentations
Cardiovascular disease acclaims clinical presentations that may differ between men and women. According to (Mayo Clinic, 2018), men present significant chest pain that women and women clinical presentations such as shortness in breathing, nausea, and fatigue are more evident than in men. Admi ...
This document discusses anesthesia and surgery risks in older patients. It defines postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and reviews risk factors. Neuroinflammation from surgery and anesthesia may cause POCD through breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and neurotoxic effects. Risk factors for POCD include age, preexisting cognitive impairment, diabetes, hypertension and sleep disorders. A comprehensive geriatric assessment evaluates medical, functional and social risks. Prevention prioritizes optimization of risk factors through treatment of medical conditions and good perioperative care. Most POCD cases resolve within months without direct treatment.
Early nutritional screening and support can benefit recovery after stroke by decreasing complications like infections, pressure ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Several deficits from stroke can impair eating, such as inability to sit upright, loss of arm function, and swallowing problems. While malnutrition is common after stroke and worsens outcomes, current practice lacks standardized screening and nutrition is not prioritized. Early nutritional assessment and intervention could improve stroke recovery and reduce mortality risk.
1) The study compared outcomes of pancreatectomy with arterial resection versus palliation in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
2) 73 patients who underwent pancreatectomy with arterial resection or palliation between 2008-2017 were analyzed.
3) The study found that arterial resection had comparable perioperative mortality and morbidity to palliation, and provided superior long-term survival outcomes compared to palliation.
In this ppt, I am going to discuss the role of ICD in the patient with Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. I am going to discuss all the major trials done in the patient with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Screening for asymptomatic cad in diabetesShyam Jadhav
Diabetes is a growing global health problem, affecting over 246 million people worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death for those with diabetes. While diabetes itself increases the risk of cardiovascular events, controlling individual risk factors can help prevent related complications. There is ongoing debate around screening asymptomatic diabetic patients for coronary artery disease. Supporters argue early detection could improve outcomes, but critics note current tests are not perfect and may lead to unnecessary invasive procedures. Further research is still needed to identify high-risk groups who could benefit most from screening.
This document discusses chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. It notes that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, especially those with heart disease. Several chemotherapy agents can cause cardiotoxicity, including anthracyclines like doxorubicin, which can cause arrhythmias, myocardial necrosis, and cardiomyopathy. The risk increases with higher cumulative doses and factors like older age. Monitoring ejection fraction is important to detect toxicity early. While some damage may be permanent, early detection allows modifying treatment to prevent worsening heart failure.
This randomized controlled trial assessed whether the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran could prevent major vascular complications in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). Between 2013-2017, 1754 patients from 84 hospitals in 19 countries with MINS within 35 days of surgery were assigned to receive dabigatran 110 mg twice daily or placebo for up to 2 years. The primary outcome was a composite of major vascular events, and occurred in fewer patients receiving dabigatran compared to placebo. The primary safety outcome of major bleeding occurred similarly between groups. Among patients with MINS, dabigatran lowered the risk of major vascular complications without increasing bleeding risk.
The document discusses quality improvement initiatives in several countries aimed at reducing patient harm and mortality in healthcare. It outlines specific interventions and goals for the UK, Scotland, Denmark, Canada, Wales, and the US including reducing surgical complications, preventing central line infections, reducing harm from high-risk medicines, and preventing MRSA infections. Evidence is presented on the impact of certain interventions like proper use of antibiotics, beta blockers, and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in surgery.
Cardiology manscript from medical schoolKate Moreng
This study examined risk factor management (RFM) adherence and outcomes among 2,498 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. At 1 month post-discharge, patients reported their recall of receiving RFM instructions and adherence levels, which were categorized as poor, partial, careful, or very careful. Very careful adherence was most common for medication adherence (94%). Patients reporting poor adherence were 58% more likely to report angina at 1 year compared to very careful adherence. However, RFM adherence was not associated with quality of life, physical functioning, rehospitalization, or mortality. While discharge instructions aim to improve post-AMI prognosis, greater research is needed on how adherence impacts outcomes.
The study examined the effects of an alveolar recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure on arterial oxygenation during laparoscopic bariatric surgery, finding that patients who received a recruitment maneuver had significantly higher Pa02/Fi02 ratios intraoperatively but no significant difference after extubation, suggesting recruitment maneuvers can improve oxygenation during surgery but the effects may be temporary.
Cardiac risk ,lecture presented at Palermo,Italy 2009Claudio Melloni
This document discusses key considerations for cardiac risk stratification in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. It emphasizes that a risk assessment tool should accurately predict perioperative cardiac events and non-events. It also should influence outcomes by identifying high-risk patients for whom surgery should be cancelled or treatment changed, and subgroups that do or do not benefit from proven therapy. The tool must also have a favorable balance of benefits and harms. It then provides details on the Goldman cardiac risk index and revised Lee cardiac risk index used to stratify patients into different risk levels.
This document summarizes guidelines for evaluating patients presenting with chest pain. It discusses the initial risk stratification process, which involves obtaining a history, physical exam, and electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG is critical for identifying ST-segment elevation, which indicates need for immediate reperfusion therapy. Biomarkers such as troponin are also important to detect cardiac injury. Various imaging modalities can further risk stratify patients with no initial evidence of acute coronary syndrome, including myocardial perfusion imaging, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The goal is to safely identify low-risk patients who can be managed as outpatients.
Spinal cord infarction is a rare type of stroke that can cause devastating neurological deficits ranging from minor weakness to paralysis. It is often caused by cardiogenic embolism, spinal artery atherosclerosis, or aortic pathology. Clinical features may include anterior or posterior spinal cord syndromes. Diagnosis involves spinal MRI and angiography. Management requires identifying and addressing the underlying cause while preventing complications through rehabilitation.
The University of Virginia Department of Medicine is hosting its 36th Annual Recent Advances in Clinical Medicine Conference from October 28-30, 2009 at the Omni Charlottesville Hotel. The conference will feature lectures on various medical specialties from allergy/immunology to psychiatry delivered by UVA faculty. Attendees will have opportunities for interactive case discussions and workshops. The goal is for attendees to learn how to better manage and evaluate patients for various clinical issues. Charlottesville provides a beautiful fall setting for the conference near Thomas Jefferson's UVA and Monticello estates.
MWEBAZA VICTOR - Nuclear Cardiology The Basics-How To Set Up And Maintain A ...Dr. MWEBAZA VICTOR
This document provides an overview of how to establish and maintain a nuclear cardiology laboratory. It discusses the necessary equipment, staff qualifications, patient preparation, stress testing protocols, imaging acquisition and processing parameters, image analysis and display, reporting, quality assurance, and laboratory accreditation. The goal is to offer practical guidance to cardiologists and nuclear medicine physicians on setting up and running a high-quality outpatient nuclear cardiology facility.
The document summarizes the award winners of the GRMERC Research Day 2009. It lists the award categories and winners, including awards for best research and case presentations from various medical departments and schools, including MSU College of Human Medicine, Grand Valley State University Physician Assistant Program, and Fellowship programs. The winners presented on topics ranging from diabetic macular edema to complications of methanol intoxication to bariatric surgery outcomes.
CHD Secondary Prevention Clinics in Primary Care; a critical assessmentJosep Vidal-Alaball
There is a need for CHD secondary prevention in primary care. This need has been addressed providing specialized clinics run by nurses or GPs. Whether with this clinics we are meeting this need is a question to be answered.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Cardiovascular Disease
Introduction
Cardiovascular disease posits a major cause of premature deaths and disability throughout the world and contributes to a significant increase in healthcare costs, particularly in medication, healthcare services, and production loss. Specifically, heart diseases and stroke accommodate the highest prevalence rate in the USA; accommodate an average of 610,000 and 365,000 annual deaths from CVD (CDC, 2015). Similarly, every year, CVD causes the USA approximately, $207 billion for medication, healthcare services, and productivity loss. Noteworthy, heart diseases and stroke incidences vary with factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, and individuals with certain disorders. Similarly, the project accommodates notable articulations on intervention, comparison, outcome, and time as a fundamental consideration in heart diseases and stroke in the USA. Thus, an enriched articulation on heart diseases and stroke are underscoring for the project presentation.
Definition
According to (Mayo Clinic, 2018), Heart disease describes a condition that affects the heart; including blood vessels diseases arrhythmias, and other heart defects. Significantly, the heart disease is interchangeable for the CVD, articulating on the infections involving narrowed or blocked blood vessels, causing a heart attack, chest pain, and stroke, among other clinical presentations. Similarly, (Mayo Clinic, 2018) acknowledges that many CVD is preventable and treatable with healthy lifestyle choices.
Epidemiology
Cardiovascular diseases posits an undying cause of death in the USA, projected at 840, 678 deaths in 2016, averagely one in three deaths (Salim et al. 2020). Similarly, between 2013 and 2016 121.5 million adults Americans presented notable for of the CVD. Notably, between 2013 and 2015 direct and indirect costs of managing the CVD in the USA, recorded $213.8 billion and $137.4 billion respectively. Statistically, between 2013 and 2016, 57.1% of non-HN black females and 60.1% of non-HN black males presenting CVD manifestations (Salim et al. 2020). According to the researcher causes of the CVD Include atherosclerosis resulting from an unhealthy diet, lacking exercise, overweight, and smoking. In the epistemology studies, risk factors such as age, sex, family history, smoking, chemotherapy and radiation drugs, high blood pressure, poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity, stress, and poor hygiene are underscoring risk factors in the CVD (Mayo Clinic, 2018). Thus, heart disease epistemological indicates the patterns, causes, risk factors, and specific populations in the USA.
Clinical Presentations
Cardiovascular disease acclaims clinical presentations that may differ between men and women. According to (Mayo Clinic, 2018), men present significant chest pain that women and women clinical presentations such as shortness in breathing, nausea, and fatigue are more evident than in men. Admi ...
This document discusses anesthesia and surgery risks in older patients. It defines postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and reviews risk factors. Neuroinflammation from surgery and anesthesia may cause POCD through breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and neurotoxic effects. Risk factors for POCD include age, preexisting cognitive impairment, diabetes, hypertension and sleep disorders. A comprehensive geriatric assessment evaluates medical, functional and social risks. Prevention prioritizes optimization of risk factors through treatment of medical conditions and good perioperative care. Most POCD cases resolve within months without direct treatment.
Similar to Coronary arthehsjsjsjssnderi disease.pptx (20)
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
2. Butterworth IV, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2013). Morgan & Mikhail’s. Clinical Anesthesiology.
3. Butterworth IV, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2013). Morgan & Mikhail’s. Clinical Anesthesiology.
4.
5. The general approach in treating patients with
ischemic heart disease is five-fold:
• Correction of risk factors, with the hope of slowing disease progression
• Modification of the patient’s lifestyle to reduce stress and improve exercise
tolerance
• Correction of complicating medical conditions that can exacerbate ischemia (ie,
hypertension, anemia, hypoxemia, hyperthyroidism, fever, infection, adverse drug
effects)
• Pharmacological manipulation of the myocardial oxygen supply–demand
relationship
• Anticoagulation
• Correction of coronary lesions by percutaneous coronary intervention
(angioplasty
[with or without stenting] or atherectomy) or coronary artery bypass surgery
Butterworth IV, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2013). Morgan & Mikhail’s. Clinical Anesthesiology.
6. PREOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
• Most studies confirm that perioperative outcome is related to disease
severity, ventricular function, and the type of surgery to be
undertaken.
• Patients with extensive (three-vessel or left main) CAD, a recent
history of MI, or ventricular dysfunction are at greatest risk of
cardiovascular complications
• The relationship between symptoms and activity level should be
established
• Normal serum levels of troponins, creatine kinase (MB isoenzyme),
and lactate dehydrogenase (type 1 isoenzyme) are useful in excluding
MI.
Butterworth IV, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2013). Morgan & Mikhail’s. Clinical Anesthesiology.
7. • Prior infarction may be manifested by Q waves or loss of R waves in
the leads closest to the infarct. First-degree AV block, bundle-branch
block, or hemiblock may be present. Persistent ST-segment elevation
following MI may be indicative of a left ventricular aneurysm
• The chest radiograph can be used to exclude cardiomegaly or
pulmonary vascular congestion secondary to ventricular dysfunction
Butterworth IV, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2013). Morgan & Mikhail’s. Clinical Anesthesiology.
8. Premedication
• Allaying fear, anxiety, and pain preoperatively are desirable goals in
patients with CAD
• Satisfactory premedication minimizes sympathetic activation, which
adversely affects the myocardial oxygen supply–demand balance
• Midazolam 0,02 mg/kg: 60 x0,02: 1,2 mg
Butterworth IV, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2013). Morgan & Mikhail’s. Clinical Anesthesiology.
9. INTRAOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
• Activation of the sympathetic system plays a major role. Hypertension
and enhanced contractility increase myocardial oxygen demand,
whereas tachycardia increases demand and reduces supply.
• Myocardial ischemia is commonly associated with tachycardia,
Butterworth IV, J. F., Mackey, D. C., & Wasnick, J. D. (2013). Morgan & Mikhail’s. Clinical Anesthesiology.