2. ARISTOTLE
Aristotle was born in 384 BC, his father was physician
Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist One of the greatest intellectual figures of
western history.
When he was 7, he went to study at plato’s Academy. Begin assess student became a
researcher and finally a teacher.
By 335 BC Aristotle established his own school their known as the lyceum.
Aristotle’s intellectual range was vast, covering most of the sciences and many of the
arts, including biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric,
philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, physics, poetics, political theory, psychology,
and zoology.
His writings In ethics and political theory as well as in metaphysics and the philosophy
of science continue to be studied, and his work remains a powerful current in
contemporary philosophical debate.
3. CONTRIBUTION TO METAPHYSICS
Metaphysics, forAristotle,Was the study of nature and ourselves. In this sense he brings
metaphysics to this world of sense experience- where we live learn,know, think and speak.
Metaphysics is the study of being qua being, which is, first, the study of the different ways the
word “be” can be used.
The primary type of being is the “what,” which indicates the substance of the thing. For example,
when I say that a person is good or that a person is 6 feet tall, we are referring to that person. This
is the substance.
All other things are said to be because they are quantities or qualities of that substance (6 feet, or
good). These are secondary.
Hence, substance is that which stands alone or first. I would exist even if I didn’t have hair, but my
hair could not exist without me, so hair is not a substance
4. ARISTOTLE’S PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE
Aristotle Sees the universe as a scale lying between the two extremes: form Without
matter is on one end, and matter Without form is on the other end.
The passage of matter into form must be shown in it’s various stages in the world
nature.
To do this is the object of Aristotle’s physics, Or philosophy of nature. It is important to
keep in mind that the passage from form to matter within nature is a movement
towards ends or purposes.
Everything in nature has its end and function nothing is without its purpose.
Everywhere we find evidences of design and rational plan.
5. ARISTOTLE ‘S LOGIC
He is the father of the field of logic, he was the first to develop formalized System
for reasoning .
Aristotle observed that the validity of any argument can be determined it’s
structure rather than its Content.
Aristotle’s writings on the general Subject of logic were grouped by the later
Peripatetic under the name organon, or instrument.
From their perspective, logic and reasoning was the chief preparatory instrument
of Scientific investigation .
Aristotle himself uses the term “logic” as equivalent to verbal reasoning
6. CLASSIFICATION OF LIVINGBEINGS
In his book Historia Animalium, Aristotle was the first person in history to venture into the
clasification of different Animals. Based on the presence of blood, he classified animal with
blood and animal without blood.
Based on Habitat classifed animals as one that live in water and other one that live in land.
All living being could be grouped the hierarchial system. He placed the human Species
highest in this hierarchy.
Aristotle view of plant reproduction- Higher form plants like trees & flowers were animated
with a vegetative soul . Lower forms such as fungus and moss was generated spontaneously
in decaying matter. flies, worms and other small animals born from decaying matter through
process of spontaneous generation.
7. MAJOR WORKS
Aristotle wrote around 200 works and most of them were in the form of notes and
drafts. These works comprise of dialogues, records of scientific observations, and
systematic works. These works were looked after by his student Theophrastus and
then by Neleus.
His major works include ‘Rhetoric’ and ‘Eudemus’ (On the Soul). He also wrote on
philosophy, Alexander, Sophistes, justice, wealth, prayer, and education.
poetics,’ ‘Metaphysics,’ ‘Politics,’ ‘Physics,’ ‘De Anima,’ and ‘Nicomachean Ethics’ are
considered to be his most important treatises.
Aristotle’s work on ‘Poetics’ comprised of two books – one was on tragedy and the
other on comedy.
