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1) Air pollution has negative impacts on human health according to research studies. 2) Monitoring data from Mount Maunganui, New Zealand shows exceedances of air quality standards and guidelines for PM10. 3) Estimates indicate the health impacts of PM10 in Mount Maunganui include exacerbation of asthma and increased risk of hospital admissions and mortality. Action is needed to improve air quality.

Devices & Hardware

Impacts of air
pollution on human
health
Presented by
Dr Jim Miller
James Scarfe (MPH)
March 2020

Content
A brief history of air pollution and health research
Air pollution - effects on human health
NZ air quality guidelines and standards
Air quality - Mount Maunganui
Estimates of the health impact
What is the way ahead?

History of air pollution and health
Key milestones
Still to make slide
(Rossman & Zimmerman, 2015)

History of air pollution and health
Key milestones
Still to make slide
Number of Publications on Air pollution and Human Health
(Zell et al, 2010)

Source: Public Health England , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-air-pollution/health-matters-air-pollution

Air quality guidelines, standards, and plans
NES Air Quality set a guaranteed minimum level of health
protection for all New Zealand. These standards mandate
that contaminants may not be discharged at levels that
result in concentrations above the standard.
New NES standards are under public consultation
New Zealand Guidelines set limits to promote sustainable
management of the air resource.

Air quality guidelines, standards, and plans
WHO Guidelines provide member states with guidance,
based on the scientific evidence, for setting standards
Regional Air Plan and The Natural Resources Plan -
Proposed Plan Change 13 (Air Quality)

Summary of Monitoring Data for 2019
Pollutant PM10 PM10 SO2 SO2 SO2
Standard/guid
eline
NES NZ Guideline
& WHO
NES NES WHO
Averaging
period
24-hr 1-yr 1-hr 1-hr 10-min
value 50µgm-3 20µgm-3 570µgm-3 350µgm-3 500µgm-3
2019 Total
Exceedances
(excluding exceedances
due to Australian
bushfires)
19 Equalled or
exceeded at
3/7
monitoring
sites
1 4 9

Insert source appointment table
PM10 PM2.5 SOx
Tonnes/year % of
total
Tonnes
/year
% of
total
Tonnes/
year
% of
total
Domestic Heating 174 39.3 174 51.6 5 0.5
Motor Vehicles 26 5.9 20 5.9 0.3 0.0
Industry 84 19.0 31 9.2 232 23.5
Small Scale Activities 11 2.5 3 0.9 0.0
Aviation 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.2
Rail 1 0.2 1 0.3 0.01 0.0
Shipping 83 18.7 77 22.8 745 75.6
Port Activities 43 9.7 10 3.0 0 0.0
Outdoor burning 22 5.0 22 6.5 1 0.1
Total 443 337 986
Tauranga Air Emission Inventory - 2018

Vulnerable
Sites/Populations
in or near the
Mt Maunganui
Air Shed –
Aged care
facilities, ECEs,
schools, Marae

Additional Evidence of harm
Documented evidence of harm -
medical assessments
Complaints – history of
Pollution hotline
Source: PoT website.

There is already a model of how the problem can
be approached

Conclusions
Air pollution is proven to harm health
This is an air pollution problem in Mount Maunganui
Air quality must improve
There is no need for more health evidence
We need to act now

The last few decades mark rapid industrialization and urbanization around the world. With that, the demand for energy, transportation, and infrastructure development has skyrocketed. A number of studies have shown the detrimental effects of air pollution on human health and well-being. Among all the air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) pollution is of particular concern. Particulate matter (PM) is further classified into PM2.5 and PM10, based upon their particle diameter. However, various researches have shown that we still do not have enough PM2.5 and PM10 monitors to create a representative picture of PM pollution. Due to their very small size, they can penetrate deep in the lungs and can also mix with the bloodstream. Chronic exposure to such a high level of particulate matter concentration is conducive to various cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The number of PM2.5 and PM10 monitors has increased in the past few years to accurately monitor particulate concentration. WHY WE MONITOR PM2.5 AND PM10 You must have encountered this question about why we specifically monitor PM2.5 and PM10. In order to understand that, first we must address what is particulate matter and how it is measured. According to USEPA, particulate matter (or commonly referred to as PM), is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles like dust and dirt are clearly visible with the naked eye and some are so small that they can only be observed with a microscope. Together they are responsible for all the particulate pollution that we experience every day. The health effects of microscopic particulate matter (PM) depends upon their particle diameter and that’s why they are further classified as PM2.5 and PM10. PM10 and PM2.5 have less than an effective aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers and 2.5 micrometers respectively. All types of combustion activities including vehicular emission and forest fires are a major source of particulate matter (PM).

PM2.5 and PM10 monitors: Importance and application in air quality monitoring

Oizom

The last few decades mark rapid industrialization and urbanization around the world. With that, the demand for energy, transportation, and infrastructure development has skyrocketed. WHY WE MONITOR PM2.5 AND PM10 You must have encountered this question about why we specifically monitor PM2.5 and PM10. In order to understand that, first we must address what is particulate matter and how it is measured. According to USEPA, particulate matter (or commonly referred to as PM), is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles like dust and dirt are clearly visible with the naked eye and some are so small that they can only be observed with a microscope. Together they are responsible for all the particulate pollution that we experience every day. The health effects of microscopic particulate matter (PM) depend upon their particle diameter and that’s why they are further classified as PM2.5 and PM10. PM2.5 and PM10 MONITORS TO REDUCE POLLUTION EXPOSURE Day-to-day activities result in the majority of PM2.5 and PM10 emission which makes PM pollution a global issue. It is corroborated with a study carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO). It states that 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe air containing high levels of particulate pollutants. As a result, air pollution (particularly PM2.5 and PM10) attributes to 7 million premature deaths worldwide. Out of which, 1.2 million Indians lost their lives prematurely according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. This translates to global economic losses of US$ 3 trillion according to the OECD Report, of which India bear US$ 150 billion in monetary losses, according to Greenpeace Southeast Asia report. Oizom’s Dustroid, a dust monitoring device, specifically measures high particulate pollution loads experienced at mining and construction sites. Oizom’s Polludrone measures gaseous pollutants along with particulate pollutants (PM1, PM2.5, PM10). Both the PM monitors also measure meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. OIZOM’s devices provide high-quality monitoring data at an economical cost. Further data integration with various platforms results in the generation of dynamic pollution maps. OIZOM’s PM monitors are a perfect choice for monitoring PM2.5 and PM10 concentration at airports, roads and highways, and underground facilities such as tunnels and parking lots. Supplementary details on how to select a monitoring location can be found in OIZOM’s Whitepaper on location selection.

World air-quality-report-2018

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The last couple of centuries have shown unprecedented records of technological advancements. Post-industrial revolution, development has soared high into the sky. Population, unemployment, and poverty have rapidly increased. Industries prove to be a lifeline for them, generating employment opportunities. According to the World Bank database industries account for 23.083% of the total employment around the world. However, global issues like climate change and global warming are worsening due to industrial emissions. The increase in industries has caused the ambient air to degenerate drastically. Industries emit pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, dust/particulate matter, etc. Industries are major sources of dust pollution. Industrial dust monitor helps in the real-time monitoring and reduction of dust concentration. According to India’s National Ambient Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP) particulate matter monitoring PM10 and PM2.5 are the major challenges in air pollution. The report explained that particulate matter was majorly responsible in breaching National Ambient Air Quality Standards. These particulate matters ranging from the size of 1 micrometre to 100 micrometres collectively can be classified as dust. The dust particles are also alternatively coined as Suspended Particulate Matter(SPM) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM). The National Clean Air Programme NCAP identifies industries as one of the major sources of dust pollution. It further aims to increase the number of dust monitors across the country. An increase in the number of Industrial dust monitor helps in better compliance and regulation. It further aids in a better understanding of source contribution, identifying hotspots, and carry out health exposure studies.

Industrial dust monitor | An essential for environmental regulation and compl...

Oizom

Real-time data monitoring through a robust network of industrial dust monitors helps in dust suppression. Since the dust monitoring systems continuously monitor dust concentration (PM1, PM2.5, PM10, PM100), the system red flags the breach in National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The red flags turn on the automated dust suppressors integrated with the monitoring device. As soon as the ambient air is within the standards, the suppression system stops automatically. Dust suppressors such as mist cannons, water sprinklers, etc. can be easily automated. It takes timely actions and preserves resources and energy. It significantly reduces outdoor dust pollution which poses a threat to the workers and the people living in nearby areas. The exposure limits prescribed by OSHA is used to set the threshold limits. One can design an efficient automated system using low-cost sensor-based industrial dust monitors. The monitoring data also helps in better process control, fuel conservation, and efficient fuel consumption. The system helps the industry achieve its committed goals to curb dust pollution. Additionally, you can find more on data-driven environmental automation in OIZOM’s Whitepaper. OIZOM’s industrial dust monitoring device Dustroid measures PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and PM100 along with the weather data to study dust dispersion. Dustroid can also serve as an independent PM10 monitor and PM2.5 monitor. More on the importance of particulate monitoring can be found here. OIZOM’s devices provide high-quality monitoring data at an economical cost. Further data integration with various platforms results in the generation of dynamic pollution maps. Moreover, OIZOM’s industrial dust monitors integrated with automated dust suppression systems at thermal power plants, mechanical workshops, construction and mining sites, etc. provide a holistic solution.

The economics of air quality and associated policy responses - Ton MandersEnvironmental Protection Agency, Ireland

The last few decades mark rapid industrialization and urbanization around the world. With that, the demand for energy, transportation, and infrastructure development has skyrocketed. WHY WE MONITOR PM2.5 AND PM10 You must have encountered this question about why we specifically monitor PM2.5 and PM10. In order to understand that, first we must address what is particulate matter and how it is measured. According to USEPA, particulate matter (or commonly referred to as PM), is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Some particles like dust and dirt are clearly visible with the naked eye and some are so small that they can only be observed with a microscope. Together they are responsible for all the particulate pollution that we experience every day. The health effects of microscopic particulate matter (PM) depend upon their particle diameter and that’s why they are further classified as PM2.5 and PM10. PM2.5 and PM10 MONITORS TO REDUCE POLLUTION EXPOSURE Day-to-day activities result in the majority of PM2.5 and PM10 emission which makes PM pollution a global issue. It is corroborated with a study carried out by the World Health Organization (WHO). It states that 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe air containing high levels of particulate pollutants. As a result, air pollution (particularly PM2.5 and PM10) attributes to 7 million premature deaths worldwide. Out of which, 1.2 million Indians lost their lives prematurely according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. This translates to global economic losses of US$ 3 trillion according to the OECD Report, of which India bear US$ 150 billion in monetary losses, according to Greenpeace Southeast Asia report. Oizom’s Dustroid, a dust monitoring device, specifically measures high particulate pollution loads experienced at mining and construction sites. Oizom’s Polludrone measures gaseous pollutants along with particulate pollutants (PM1, PM2.5, PM10). Both the PM monitors also measure meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. OIZOM’s devices provide high-quality monitoring data at an economical cost. Further data integration with various platforms results in the generation of dynamic pollution maps. OIZOM’s PM monitors are a perfect choice for monitoring PM2.5 and PM10 concentration at airports, roads and highways, and underground facilities such as tunnels and parking lots. Supplementary details on how to select a monitoring location can be found in OIZOM’s Whitepaper on location selection.

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一比一原版(UCSB毕业证)圣塔芭芭拉社区大学毕业证如何办理

aozcue

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一比一原版(UMich毕业证)密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证如何办理

content.pptx

1. Impacts of air pollution on human health Presented by Dr Jim Miller James Scarfe (MPH) March 2020

2. Content A brief history of air pollution and health research Air pollution - effects on human health NZ air quality guidelines and standards Air quality - Mount Maunganui Estimates of the health impact What is the way ahead?

3. A Brief History of Air Pollution

4. History of air pollution and health Key milestones Still to make slide (Rossman & Zimmerman, 2015)

5. History of air pollution and health Key milestones Still to make slide Number of Publications on Air pollution and Human Health (Zell et al, 2010)

6. (Pope et al, 2019)

7. Health impacts of air pollution

8. Source: Public Health England , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-air-pollution/health-matters-air-pollution

9. Source: Public Health England , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-air-pollution/health-matters-air-pollution

10. Source: Public Health England , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-air-pollution/health-matters-air-pollution

11. Standards and Guidelines

12. Air quality guidelines, standards, and plans NES Air Quality set a guaranteed minimum level of health protection for all New Zealand. These standards mandate that contaminants may not be discharged at levels that result in concentrations above the standard. New NES standards are under public consultation New Zealand Guidelines set limits to promote sustainable management of the air resource.

13. Air quality guidelines, standards, and plans WHO Guidelines provide member states with guidance, based on the scientific evidence, for setting standards Regional Air Plan and The Natural Resources Plan - Proposed Plan Change 13 (Air Quality)

14. The Mount Maunganui Situation

15. Summary of Monitoring Data for 2019 Pollutant PM10 PM10 SO2 SO2 SO2 Standard/guid eline NES NZ Guideline & WHO NES NES WHO Averaging period 24-hr 1-yr 1-hr 1-hr 10-min value 50µgm-3 20µgm-3 570µgm-3 350µgm-3 500µgm-3 2019 Total Exceedances (excluding exceedances due to Australian bushfires) 19 Equalled or exceeded at 3/7 monitoring sites 1 4 9

16. Insert source appointment table PM10 PM2.5 SOx Tonnes/year % of total Tonnes /year % of total Tonnes/ year % of total Domestic Heating 174 39.3 174 51.6 5 0.5 Motor Vehicles 26 5.9 20 5.9 0.3 0.0 Industry 84 19.0 31 9.2 232 23.5 Small Scale Activities 11 2.5 3 0.9 0.0 Aviation 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.2 Rail 1 0.2 1 0.3 0.01 0.0 Shipping 83 18.7 77 22.8 745 75.6 Port Activities 43 9.7 10 3.0 0 0.0 Outdoor burning 22 5.0 22 6.5 1 0.1 Total 443 337 986 Tauranga Air Emission Inventory - 2018

17. Vulnerable Sites/Populations in or near the Mt Maunganui Air Shed – Aged care facilities, ECEs, schools, Marae

18. Estimated Health Impacts

19. Estimated Health Impact of PM10

20. Estimated Health Impact of PM10

21. Additional Evidence of harm Documented evidence of harm - medical assessments Complaints – history of Pollution hotline Source: PoT website.

22. How will we solve this problem?

23. There is already a model of how the problem can be approached

24. Conclusions Air pollution is proven to harm health This is an air pollution problem in Mount Maunganui Air quality must improve There is no need for more health evidence We need to act now

Editor's Notes

Zell, H., Quarcoo, D., Scutaru, C., Vitzthum, K., Uibel, S., Schöffel, N., ... & Spallek, M. F. (2010). Air pollution research: visualization of research activity using density-equalizing mapping and scientometric benchmarking procedures. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 5(1), 5.

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