The developed Pulse Wave Analyzer is a personal health monitoring
tool which can be integrated in a cell phone, web camera, computer mouse, or operate as a stand-alone device
1. Waves transport energy and not matter. As waves pass by, particles in the medium vibrate about their equilibrium positions without moving from their original locations.
2. The key characteristics of waves include wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, and wave speed. Wavelength is the distance between two identical points on a wave, such as two crests. Frequency is the number of waves that pass a point per second. Wave speed depends on wavelength and frequency according to the equation: Wave Speed = Wavelength x Frequency.
3. Questions ask about measuring and relating these wave characteristics in experiments using ropes, springs, and water to model transverse and longitudinal waves. Characteristics change predictably with variations to the source vibration
brief but informative knowledge about what basically Cobalt 60 is and what is the phenomenon behind this machine ... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
This document discusses mechanical and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves require a medium and include waves on a string, sound waves, and earthquake waves. Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and include visible light, radio waves, and x-rays. The document also covers wave properties such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed.
The document discusses cobalt-60 and its use in external beam radiation therapy. Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope that decays through beta decay, emitting two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV. It is used as a sealed source in teletherapy units, where its gamma rays are aimed at cancerous tumors from multiple angles to destroy cancer cells. The main components of a cobalt-60 machine are the head containing the cobalt-60 source, a collimator to shape the beam, a gantry that rotates around the patient, and a patient support assembly. Cobalt-60 therapy has been used for almost 60 years to treat various cancers throughout the body due its precision and effectiveness.
The document discusses different types of seismic waves that are produced during earthquakes. There are three main types of seismic waves: P-waves (primary waves), S-waves (secondary waves), and L-waves (surface waves). P-waves are the first to arrive after an earthquake as they travel fastest, pushing and pulling the ground. S-waves arrive next and cause side-to-side motions. L-waves cause up and down motions and travel along the surface, causing the most damage. The waves radiate out from the hypocenter, where the earthquake initiated underground.
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
This document is the second part of the Grade 7 Science Learner's Material published by the Department of Education of the Philippines. It contains 6 units on topics of energy in motion, waves, sound, light, heat, electricity, the Philippine environment, solar energy and the atmosphere, and seasons and eclipses. Each unit includes multiple student activities to explain and explore the concepts covered in that unit through hands-on learning experiences. The material is intended for use by students and teachers in learning and teaching the Grade 7 science curriculum in Philippine schools.
IRJET- Heart Rate Monitoring System using Finger Tip through IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes a heart rate monitoring system that measures heart rate through the fingertip using a pulse sensor and displays the results on an LCD screen and online using WiFi. The system works by using a photoplethysmography sensor to detect changes in blood volume in the fingertip with each heartbeat. The heartbeat signal is amplified and sent to an Arduino board, which processes the data and displays the heart rate in beats per minute on the LCD. The WiFi module then transmits the data to a local server webpage and online server to view the results remotely over a network. The system provides a low-cost way to continuously monitor heart rate for healthcare applications.
1. Waves transport energy and not matter. As waves pass by, particles in the medium vibrate about their equilibrium positions without moving from their original locations.
2. The key characteristics of waves include wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude, and wave speed. Wavelength is the distance between two identical points on a wave, such as two crests. Frequency is the number of waves that pass a point per second. Wave speed depends on wavelength and frequency according to the equation: Wave Speed = Wavelength x Frequency.
3. Questions ask about measuring and relating these wave characteristics in experiments using ropes, springs, and water to model transverse and longitudinal waves. Characteristics change predictably with variations to the source vibration
brief but informative knowledge about what basically Cobalt 60 is and what is the phenomenon behind this machine ... easy to understand as well as presenting during lectures and in classes . share it
This document discusses mechanical and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves require a medium and include waves on a string, sound waves, and earthquake waves. Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium and include visible light, radio waves, and x-rays. The document also covers wave properties such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and speed.
The document discusses cobalt-60 and its use in external beam radiation therapy. Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope that decays through beta decay, emitting two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV. It is used as a sealed source in teletherapy units, where its gamma rays are aimed at cancerous tumors from multiple angles to destroy cancer cells. The main components of a cobalt-60 machine are the head containing the cobalt-60 source, a collimator to shape the beam, a gantry that rotates around the patient, and a patient support assembly. Cobalt-60 therapy has been used for almost 60 years to treat various cancers throughout the body due its precision and effectiveness.
The document discusses different types of seismic waves that are produced during earthquakes. There are three main types of seismic waves: P-waves (primary waves), S-waves (secondary waves), and L-waves (surface waves). P-waves are the first to arrive after an earthquake as they travel fastest, pushing and pulling the ground. S-waves arrive next and cause side-to-side motions. L-waves cause up and down motions and travel along the surface, causing the most damage. The waves radiate out from the hypocenter, where the earthquake initiated underground.
Computed tomography (CT scan) is a medical imaging procedure that uses computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body. These cross-sectional images are used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various medical disciplines.
This document is the second part of the Grade 7 Science Learner's Material published by the Department of Education of the Philippines. It contains 6 units on topics of energy in motion, waves, sound, light, heat, electricity, the Philippine environment, solar energy and the atmosphere, and seasons and eclipses. Each unit includes multiple student activities to explain and explore the concepts covered in that unit through hands-on learning experiences. The material is intended for use by students and teachers in learning and teaching the Grade 7 science curriculum in Philippine schools.
IRJET- Heart Rate Monitoring System using Finger Tip through IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes a heart rate monitoring system that measures heart rate through the fingertip using a pulse sensor and displays the results on an LCD screen and online using WiFi. The system works by using a photoplethysmography sensor to detect changes in blood volume in the fingertip with each heartbeat. The heartbeat signal is amplified and sent to an Arduino board, which processes the data and displays the heart rate in beats per minute on the LCD. The WiFi module then transmits the data to a local server webpage and online server to view the results remotely over a network. The system provides a low-cost way to continuously monitor heart rate for healthcare applications.
An Integrated Approach of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurement SystemsIRJET Journal
This document describes a new integrated device that can measure both blood pressure and heart rate through the wrist and fingertip using a single device. The device uses infrared sensors placed on the wrist and fingertip to detect blood flow and pulses. It counts the pulses to determine the heart rate and blood pressure. The measurements from this new device were compared to manual measurements on 100 subjects, and it was found to have a negligible error rate. The goal was to create an affordable, easy-to-use device that could help both literate and illiterate people regularly monitor their vital signs without visiting a doctor.
IRJET- A Survey on Classification and identification of Arrhythmia using Mach...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on classifying and identifying arrhythmias using machine learning techniques. The survey examines existing research that uses techniques like support vector machines, neural networks, and deep learning algorithms to classify arrhythmias based on features extracted from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The proposed system aims to classify four types of arrhythmias (normal rhythm, left/right bundle branch block, premature ventricular contraction) from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database with high accuracy by optimizing the combination of preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification methods. Performance will be evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy metrics.
Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.Arkadeep Dey
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
IRJET- Wireless and Ubiquity Communication to Bridge the Gap of Space and...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a wireless monitoring device designed to monitor vital signs like heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure for remote patients.
2) The device aims to bridge the gap between patients and medical providers by allowing real-time remote monitoring of vital signs and quick medical attention when needed, especially for rural dwellers who have less access to healthcare.
3) The portable, low-power device uses wireless communication technology to transmit vital sign data from sensors to a receiver for monitoring by medical providers.
Irjet v4 i12308IOT-BEAT: An Intelligent Nurse for the Cardiac Patient with Mu...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system called IOT-BEAT that is intended to remotely monitor cardiac patients using an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and process the readings to detect arrhythmias. When an arrhythmia is detected, the system will send an alert to the patient's doctor and also play classical music through the patient's smartphone, as music therapy can help temporarily control arrhythmias by reducing heart rate. The system uses an Arduino board, ECG pulse sensor, GSM module for connectivity, and LCD display. It analyzes ECG signals to determine heart rate and detect arrhythmias in real-time for remote patient monitoring and emergency alerting to doctors.
Real-time Analytics for the Healthcare Industry: Arrythmia Detection- Impetus...Impetus Technologies
The document describes a machine learning framework for real-time arrhythmia detection from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The framework first trains a random forest classifier on historical ECG data to identify different types of arrhythmias. It then uses the trained classifier in real-time to analyze new ECG signals and advise physicians on the presence or absence of arrhythmias. The framework addresses challenges like class imbalance in the training data and handles missing values. Experimental results showed the framework can accurately detect arrhythmias in real-time to help physicians make timely treatment decisions.
IRJET- Heart Beat Based Security System Using Sampling TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document presents a heart beat-based security system that uses the unique heart beat pattern of individuals to generate a security key for authentication. It describes a system that measures a user's heart beat signal using a photoplethysmography sensor. The signal is amplified, filtered, and converted to a digital signal through sampling. Key features are extracted from the signal patterns and converted to a grey code format for use as a security key. The system displays the measured heart rate and authenticates users by comparing it to the security key. If a match is found, access is granted, and if not an OTP is sent to the user's registered number. The document discusses the advantages of this biometric-based approach and outlines potential applications
This document summarizes a minor project on a heart beat monitoring system. It discusses using a pulse oximetry sensor with an LED and LDR to detect heartbeats and interface it with a microcontroller and LCD to display the real-time heart rate. The system steps down household AC voltage to power the circuit and uses a voltage regulator to provide stable 5V power. It was developed using KEIL software and aims to provide a low-cost solution for heart rate monitoring, with potential applications in healthcare, fitness training, and telemedicine to remotely monitor multiple patients.
Cardiac Holter Monitor Market PPT: Demand, Trends and Business Opportunities ...IMARC Group
According to the latest report by IMARC Group, the global cardiac Holter monitor market reached a value of US$ 386 Million in 2020.
A cardiac Holter monitor is a battery-operated portable electrocardiography (ECG) device that records the heart rhythm continuously for around 24 to 48 hours.
It consists of a monitor, software and electrodes, which aid in interpreting the recorded data, determining if the heart is getting adequate oxygen and diagnosing conditions concerning irregular cardiac rhythms, such as tachycardia, arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation.
This document describes an intelligent ICU monitoring system that measures a patient's vital signs wirelessly and alerts doctors if parameters fall outside normal ranges. The system monitors heart rate using a heart rate sensor, body temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor, and oxygen usage via a flow sensor on the oxygen tank. It displays readings on an LCD and sends alerts to doctors via Bluetooth if the heart rate or temperature decreases, indicating the patient has died. This allows doctors to respond quickly and prevents wasting oxygen on deceased patients. The system aims to allow remote monitoring of multiple ICU patients simultaneously.
IRJET- Patient Health Monitoring with Health AssistantIRJET Journal
This document describes a patient health monitoring system using sensors, a Raspberry Pi, and cloud technology. The system measures a patient's vital signs like temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure using sensors. The sensor data is sent to a Raspberry Pi, which then uploads it to the cloud. Doctors and caregivers can access the patient's health data from the cloud to remotely monitor their status. If any readings go outside normal levels, alerts will be sent. The system aims to help patients monitor their health and ensure they take their medications on schedule.
IRJET- Health Monitoring and Stress Detection SystemIRJET Journal
This paper proposes a system that combines health monitoring and stress detection to analyze physiological data and detect a person's stress levels. The system measures health parameters like heart rate, skin conductance, blood pressure and brainwaves using sensors. These parameters are known stress markers. The data is analyzed by a microcontroller and an alert is provided if stress is detected. The system aims to accurately detect stress levels using multiple stress-related data sources, with an integrated health monitoring approach allowing for reduced costs compared to separate systems. Analysis of brainwaves through EEG provides particularly accurate assessment of mental state for stress detection. The system is intended to help manage stress, which has become highly prevalent in modern society.
Cardiac Event Ambulatory Monitors and Recorders: Market Shares, Strategies, a...ReportsnReports
This document summarizes a market research report about the cardiac event ambulatory monitors and recorders market from 2012 to 2018. Some key points:
- The 312-page report analyzes market shares and forecasts, drivers, competitive factors, and regional segments.
- The market is expected to grow significantly due to increased emphasis on early disease diagnosis and prevention.
- Technologies like remote monitoring help lower healthcare costs by reducing hospital stays and increasing home-based care.
- The global market is estimated to reach $862.7 million by 2018, up from $165.6 million in 2012.
IRJET- Review Paper on Patient Health Monitoring System using Can ProtocolIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a patient health monitoring system using CAN protocol. The system measures the heart rate and body temperature of one or more patients at a time using sensors connected to a microcontroller. It sends the measured data over a CAN bus to a receiving node, which then transmits the data serially to be displayed on a single monitor. This allows doctors to remotely monitor multiple patients' vital signs from one location in real-time. The system aims to reduce monitoring time and increase flexibility for doctors compared to traditional monitoring methods.
Heartbeat Rate Measurement from Facial VideoIRJET Journal
This document proposes a method to measure heartbeat rate from facial videos using computer vision techniques. It involves detecting the face, tracking facial landmarks over time, analyzing trajectories of landmarks like the mouth and eyebrows, removing noise using PCA, and calculating heart rate from peak frequencies in the signal. The method aims to provide a convenient non-contact way to measure heart rate compared to traditional ECG methods. It was tested on publicly available datasets and shown to achieve accurate results comparable to ECG. The proposed approach could be useful for applications in healthcare, fitness tracking, and more.
IRJET- GSM based Patient Health Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a GSM-based patient health monitoring system that measures a patient's heart rate and body temperature and sends alerts if they exceed safe thresholds. The system uses a microcontroller interfaced with sensors to measure vital signs and a GSM modem to send data remotely. If heart rate or temperature is too high/low, a text message is sent to registered contacts. The system aims to allow remote patient monitoring and early warning of health issues. It consists of a microcontroller, GSM modem, analog-to-digital converter, temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, LCD display, relay, and buzzer. The system efficiently monitors patient health and alerts doctors if parameters are abnormal.
ZIGBEE PROJECTS ABSTRACT-Zigbee based patient parameter monitoring system pc ...ASHOKKUMAR RAMAR
This document describes a patient monitoring system that uses Zigbee technology. The system monitors a patient's heart rate and body temperature using sensors. It then sends this health data wirelessly to a computer network and alerts doctors on their mobile phones if any abnormal readings are detected. The system is intended to remotely monitor patients, such as elderly people or those in hospitals, and notify doctors of changes in vital signs.
This document describes a heart rate monitoring and detection system that uses sensors to detect a person's heart rate even when they are at home. The sensor connects to a microcontroller that allows the user to check their heart rate readings and set high and low limits. If the heart rate exceeds these limits, the system sends an alert to warn of potential heart issues. It displays the live heart rate on an LCD screen and transmits the data over the internet. The system is meant to help reduce heart disease by continuously monitoring heart rate and alerting medical professionals if concerning readings are detected so the person can get help in a timely manner.
Portable Real Time Cardiac Activity Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a portable real-time cardiac activity monitoring system. The system collects electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to examine heartbeats and detect abnormalities. It uses a sensor to detect heart activity signals, sends them wirelessly to a smartphone via Bluetooth, and stores the signals in a network. The system analyzes heart rate and variability in real-time on the sensor to conserve power by only sending a few parameters. It is intended to remotely monitor patients' cardiac health over long periods by continuously collecting and analyzing ECG signals.
More Related Content
Similar to Consumer-Oriented Pulse Wave Analyzer (PWA)
An Integrated Approach of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurement SystemsIRJET Journal
This document describes a new integrated device that can measure both blood pressure and heart rate through the wrist and fingertip using a single device. The device uses infrared sensors placed on the wrist and fingertip to detect blood flow and pulses. It counts the pulses to determine the heart rate and blood pressure. The measurements from this new device were compared to manual measurements on 100 subjects, and it was found to have a negligible error rate. The goal was to create an affordable, easy-to-use device that could help both literate and illiterate people regularly monitor their vital signs without visiting a doctor.
IRJET- A Survey on Classification and identification of Arrhythmia using Mach...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on classifying and identifying arrhythmias using machine learning techniques. The survey examines existing research that uses techniques like support vector machines, neural networks, and deep learning algorithms to classify arrhythmias based on features extracted from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The proposed system aims to classify four types of arrhythmias (normal rhythm, left/right bundle branch block, premature ventricular contraction) from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database with high accuracy by optimizing the combination of preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification methods. Performance will be evaluated based on sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy metrics.
Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.Arkadeep Dey
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
IRJET- Wireless and Ubiquity Communication to Bridge the Gap of Space and...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes a wireless monitoring device designed to monitor vital signs like heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure for remote patients.
2) The device aims to bridge the gap between patients and medical providers by allowing real-time remote monitoring of vital signs and quick medical attention when needed, especially for rural dwellers who have less access to healthcare.
3) The portable, low-power device uses wireless communication technology to transmit vital sign data from sensors to a receiver for monitoring by medical providers.
Irjet v4 i12308IOT-BEAT: An Intelligent Nurse for the Cardiac Patient with Mu...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system called IOT-BEAT that is intended to remotely monitor cardiac patients using an electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and process the readings to detect arrhythmias. When an arrhythmia is detected, the system will send an alert to the patient's doctor and also play classical music through the patient's smartphone, as music therapy can help temporarily control arrhythmias by reducing heart rate. The system uses an Arduino board, ECG pulse sensor, GSM module for connectivity, and LCD display. It analyzes ECG signals to determine heart rate and detect arrhythmias in real-time for remote patient monitoring and emergency alerting to doctors.
Real-time Analytics for the Healthcare Industry: Arrythmia Detection- Impetus...Impetus Technologies
The document describes a machine learning framework for real-time arrhythmia detection from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The framework first trains a random forest classifier on historical ECG data to identify different types of arrhythmias. It then uses the trained classifier in real-time to analyze new ECG signals and advise physicians on the presence or absence of arrhythmias. The framework addresses challenges like class imbalance in the training data and handles missing values. Experimental results showed the framework can accurately detect arrhythmias in real-time to help physicians make timely treatment decisions.
IRJET- Heart Beat Based Security System Using Sampling TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document presents a heart beat-based security system that uses the unique heart beat pattern of individuals to generate a security key for authentication. It describes a system that measures a user's heart beat signal using a photoplethysmography sensor. The signal is amplified, filtered, and converted to a digital signal through sampling. Key features are extracted from the signal patterns and converted to a grey code format for use as a security key. The system displays the measured heart rate and authenticates users by comparing it to the security key. If a match is found, access is granted, and if not an OTP is sent to the user's registered number. The document discusses the advantages of this biometric-based approach and outlines potential applications
This document summarizes a minor project on a heart beat monitoring system. It discusses using a pulse oximetry sensor with an LED and LDR to detect heartbeats and interface it with a microcontroller and LCD to display the real-time heart rate. The system steps down household AC voltage to power the circuit and uses a voltage regulator to provide stable 5V power. It was developed using KEIL software and aims to provide a low-cost solution for heart rate monitoring, with potential applications in healthcare, fitness training, and telemedicine to remotely monitor multiple patients.
Cardiac Holter Monitor Market PPT: Demand, Trends and Business Opportunities ...IMARC Group
According to the latest report by IMARC Group, the global cardiac Holter monitor market reached a value of US$ 386 Million in 2020.
A cardiac Holter monitor is a battery-operated portable electrocardiography (ECG) device that records the heart rhythm continuously for around 24 to 48 hours.
It consists of a monitor, software and electrodes, which aid in interpreting the recorded data, determining if the heart is getting adequate oxygen and diagnosing conditions concerning irregular cardiac rhythms, such as tachycardia, arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation.
This document describes an intelligent ICU monitoring system that measures a patient's vital signs wirelessly and alerts doctors if parameters fall outside normal ranges. The system monitors heart rate using a heart rate sensor, body temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor, and oxygen usage via a flow sensor on the oxygen tank. It displays readings on an LCD and sends alerts to doctors via Bluetooth if the heart rate or temperature decreases, indicating the patient has died. This allows doctors to respond quickly and prevents wasting oxygen on deceased patients. The system aims to allow remote monitoring of multiple ICU patients simultaneously.
IRJET- Patient Health Monitoring with Health AssistantIRJET Journal
This document describes a patient health monitoring system using sensors, a Raspberry Pi, and cloud technology. The system measures a patient's vital signs like temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure using sensors. The sensor data is sent to a Raspberry Pi, which then uploads it to the cloud. Doctors and caregivers can access the patient's health data from the cloud to remotely monitor their status. If any readings go outside normal levels, alerts will be sent. The system aims to help patients monitor their health and ensure they take their medications on schedule.
IRJET- Health Monitoring and Stress Detection SystemIRJET Journal
This paper proposes a system that combines health monitoring and stress detection to analyze physiological data and detect a person's stress levels. The system measures health parameters like heart rate, skin conductance, blood pressure and brainwaves using sensors. These parameters are known stress markers. The data is analyzed by a microcontroller and an alert is provided if stress is detected. The system aims to accurately detect stress levels using multiple stress-related data sources, with an integrated health monitoring approach allowing for reduced costs compared to separate systems. Analysis of brainwaves through EEG provides particularly accurate assessment of mental state for stress detection. The system is intended to help manage stress, which has become highly prevalent in modern society.
Cardiac Event Ambulatory Monitors and Recorders: Market Shares, Strategies, a...ReportsnReports
This document summarizes a market research report about the cardiac event ambulatory monitors and recorders market from 2012 to 2018. Some key points:
- The 312-page report analyzes market shares and forecasts, drivers, competitive factors, and regional segments.
- The market is expected to grow significantly due to increased emphasis on early disease diagnosis and prevention.
- Technologies like remote monitoring help lower healthcare costs by reducing hospital stays and increasing home-based care.
- The global market is estimated to reach $862.7 million by 2018, up from $165.6 million in 2012.
IRJET- Review Paper on Patient Health Monitoring System using Can ProtocolIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a patient health monitoring system using CAN protocol. The system measures the heart rate and body temperature of one or more patients at a time using sensors connected to a microcontroller. It sends the measured data over a CAN bus to a receiving node, which then transmits the data serially to be displayed on a single monitor. This allows doctors to remotely monitor multiple patients' vital signs from one location in real-time. The system aims to reduce monitoring time and increase flexibility for doctors compared to traditional monitoring methods.
Heartbeat Rate Measurement from Facial VideoIRJET Journal
This document proposes a method to measure heartbeat rate from facial videos using computer vision techniques. It involves detecting the face, tracking facial landmarks over time, analyzing trajectories of landmarks like the mouth and eyebrows, removing noise using PCA, and calculating heart rate from peak frequencies in the signal. The method aims to provide a convenient non-contact way to measure heart rate compared to traditional ECG methods. It was tested on publicly available datasets and shown to achieve accurate results comparable to ECG. The proposed approach could be useful for applications in healthcare, fitness tracking, and more.
IRJET- GSM based Patient Health Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a GSM-based patient health monitoring system that measures a patient's heart rate and body temperature and sends alerts if they exceed safe thresholds. The system uses a microcontroller interfaced with sensors to measure vital signs and a GSM modem to send data remotely. If heart rate or temperature is too high/low, a text message is sent to registered contacts. The system aims to allow remote patient monitoring and early warning of health issues. It consists of a microcontroller, GSM modem, analog-to-digital converter, temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, LCD display, relay, and buzzer. The system efficiently monitors patient health and alerts doctors if parameters are abnormal.
ZIGBEE PROJECTS ABSTRACT-Zigbee based patient parameter monitoring system pc ...ASHOKKUMAR RAMAR
This document describes a patient monitoring system that uses Zigbee technology. The system monitors a patient's heart rate and body temperature using sensors. It then sends this health data wirelessly to a computer network and alerts doctors on their mobile phones if any abnormal readings are detected. The system is intended to remotely monitor patients, such as elderly people or those in hospitals, and notify doctors of changes in vital signs.
This document describes a heart rate monitoring and detection system that uses sensors to detect a person's heart rate even when they are at home. The sensor connects to a microcontroller that allows the user to check their heart rate readings and set high and low limits. If the heart rate exceeds these limits, the system sends an alert to warn of potential heart issues. It displays the live heart rate on an LCD screen and transmits the data over the internet. The system is meant to help reduce heart disease by continuously monitoring heart rate and alerting medical professionals if concerning readings are detected so the person can get help in a timely manner.
Portable Real Time Cardiac Activity Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a portable real-time cardiac activity monitoring system. The system collects electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to examine heartbeats and detect abnormalities. It uses a sensor to detect heart activity signals, sends them wirelessly to a smartphone via Bluetooth, and stores the signals in a network. The system analyzes heart rate and variability in real-time on the sensor to conserve power by only sending a few parameters. It is intended to remotely monitor patients' cardiac health over long periods by continuously collecting and analyzing ECG signals.
Similar to Consumer-Oriented Pulse Wave Analyzer (PWA) (20)
2. Business Overview
Production ready prototypes
• The developed Pulse Wave Analyzer is a personal health monitoring
tool which can be integrated in a computer mouse or operate as a
stand-alone device connected to the USB port.
• Heart Rate Variability, together with the form of the pulse wave,
characterize the status of the cardio-vascular system (CVS) and
stress level of the user. The device reports to the user the principal
characteristics of his/her CVS, or assigns the user a score on the
scale from 0 to 100 and compares this score with a baseline for the
user. Additional applications include monitoring of stress, alertness,
OpticalSensor
Optical Sensor
drug side effects.
• The device is positioned as a consumer, not medical, product.
• Addressable market in the US: $550 million. Profit margin, at
volume production, is more than 70%.
• When presented at MIT Start-Up Clinic, 20% of the attendees
expressed interest in buying the device in its current shape.
• Further source of revenue is licensing of the technology to strategic
partners.
2 Confidential
3. Unmet Market Need
• Sedentary life style, high stress, fatigue, overweight and obesity adversely affect cardio-
vascular health of US residents.
• To prevent complications and to alert a person to change the lifestyle, it is vitally important
to have an easy-to-use and unobtrusive instrument for continuous monitoring of the status
of cardio-vascular system.
• As of today, there are no consumer-oriented Pulse Wave Analyzers on the market. This
unmet market need is fulfilled by the proposed technology.
3 Confidential
4. Product & Technology
Relaxation Contraction
Principle of Operation
Relaxation
of heart muscle Vessel
Detector IR diode
Pulse wave
Contraction of heart
muscle and vessels
4 Confidential
5. Product & Technology
• An infrared emitter and sensor in the device are used to register pulse wave at the finger.
• In the existing prototype, the sensor signal is amplified, pre-processed and fed through the USB port to a
personal computer. The signal can also be sent wirelessly to a PDA or a remote server.
• In the PC, the signal is further processed to extract three groups of pulse wave parameters:
• The heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV indicates tension, stability and balance of the autonomic
nervous system)
• Durations of the four phases of PW (indicate tonus and strength of the heart muscle)
• Position of the reflected wave (related to elasticity of blood vessels)
• An overall score, derived from these parameters, or the whole set of parameters are then presented to the user
and compared with normal (reference) values for the respective age group.
• A correlation between the overall score and status of cardio system has been confirmed in numerous trials.
Heart rate
Sy
Pa m
ra pa
s ym th
et
pa ic
t he ac
tic tiv
ac ity
One of conclusions of the HRV analysis is t ivi
ty
estimate of the balance between the two branches
HRV
of the autonomous nervous system (ANS)
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6. Market Size and Growth Trends
As of today, there are no consumer-oriented Pulse Wave Analyzers on the market. A close product
categories are Heart Rate Monitors and computer mice. While the developed PWA offers functionality
exceeding that of either an HRM or a mouse, both can be taken as proxies.
More than 15 companies market heart rate monitors:
• Polar, Sunnto, Cardiosport, Nike, Reebok, Timex et al.
• The leading company, Polar, had net sales 140 million Euros (2003)*, 162 million Euros (2004)**,
reflecting a market size of 400 million Dollars***
• The second leading company in the market, Cardiosport, has $8.5 million sales with a 41 percent
increase over 2002.****
• In 1998 the HRM market was a $40M industry with estimated growth 15% per year*****. The
today’s 400 million market size implies Compound Annual Growth Rate of 26%.
• CAGR of a similar category, Wearable Computers for HealthCare/Bio-Monitoring, was estimated
between 91.5% and 150%.******
*www.pursuit-performance.com.au/polar/html/polar/about_polar.html
**www.us.design-reuse.com/news/11558/nordic-has-completed-asic-polar-electro-oy-intelligent-sports-equipment-platform.html
***www.alterna-fitness.com/images/Alterna_Presentation.ppt
****http://antilium.engin.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003-08.pdf
***** Frankel, Alex. Tracking the Heart to Train the Body, New York Times. Jul 2, 1998. pg. G.10. Available at:
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F03E0D6113FF931A35754C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2
******Rick Barnard, J. Timothy Shea, How Wearable Technologies Will Impact the Future of Health Care
In: Wearable Ehealth Systems for Personalised Health Management, By Andreas Lymberis, Danilo E. De Rossi (Eds). IOS Press 2004, ISBN:1586034499
6 Confidential
7. Market size estimate based on Heart Rate Monitors
US population participation in selected activities*
Household Total, millions
Age The addressable market includes users
Activity Income
> 18 years who are 18 years or older, engaged in
> $75K/year
physical activities, have household
Aerobic 11.8% 13.1% 4.6374
income over $75K/year, own an HRM
Exercising
and replace it every 7 years.
Bicycle Riding 10.0% 17.4% 5.22
Running / 8.2% 11.1% 2.7306
Jogging
Total = 12.6
*50% = 6.3
*US Census Bureau. Income, Poverty, and Health
Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2005
The US population is approximately 300 million people, with 75% of the population 18 years old or older and
28.3% of households making over $75K per year. Of individuals participating in cycling, running, or multisport
activities, approximately 50% already own a HRM. Then the total market size for HRMs is 6.3 million units.
Assuming the average individual purchases a new HRM every 7 years, this yields an average annual market size
of about 900,000 units.
At an industry-wide average unit cost of $225 per unit, this equates to an estimated annual market size of $202
million.
Additional revenues can be based on monthly subscription to data processing and user’s monitoring.
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8. Market size estimate based on after-market computer mice
After-market computer mice: U.S. Sales*
The addressable market includes users
who are 18 years or older, engaged in
physical activities OR obese, have
household income over $75K/year, and
purchase after market computer mice.
All figures in millions. Source: Mouse Information: IDC Report December
2002/US PC revenue information: Gartner Dataquest Report October 2002/PC
Sales Information: eTForecasts Market Research Report May 2002.
*http://www.cyberhand.com/investorrelations.htm
Of the total US population of 300 mln, 12.6 mln are fitness-oriented, >18 years old, and live in households making over
$75K per year. Applying the 12.6/300 ratio to the 21.6 mln units sold, the total market size is 840,000 units/year (similar
to the estimate based on HRM market).
Since the PWA does not require any level of fitness to be used, an additional segment is obese adult Americans (39
million)*. This segment roughly doubles the market size (additional 736,000 units, based on the computer mouse
market).
At an industry-wide average unit cost of $225 per unit (for HRM), this equates to an estimated annual market size of
about $355 million.
Additional revenues can be based on monthly subscription to data processing and user’s monitoring.
Yet another big market segment is comprised of teenager users of video games, whose stress level can be monitored by
the device.
*http://www.secinfo.com/d11MXs.2A9u.d.htm
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9. Competitive Advantages
• As of today, there is no low cost, user friendly, consumer oriented Heart Health & Stress Assessment
Device on the market. The developed technology enables high quality Pulse Wave Analysis in a low cost,
small volume device.
• The production ready prototype provides fast to market advantage.
• The Pulse Wave Analyzers available for purchase over the Internet or in the doctor’s office are either
expensive, or oriented for R&D rather than consumer applications, or determine only some parameters of the
pulse wave (such as pulse wave velocity or heart rate variability). The developed PWA offers comprehensive
analysis of the PW and therefore more reliable and versatile assessment of status of the cardio-vascular
system (CVS).
• The low cost, high quality PWA can serve as a platform for multiple applications, such as monitoring of
stress level of children playing videogames, traders at financial institutions*, monitoring side effects of pain
killer drugs** et al. The latter one alone offers significant savings for the pharmaceutical companies.***
• The technology is protected by national patents and know how. Additional patent applications can be filed
for specific application areas.
*http://mitsloan.mit.edu/faculty/pdf/physiology.pdf
**http://www.egms.de/en/meetings/ice2006/06ice132.shtmll
***http://money.cnn.com/2006/04/06/news/companies/merck_outlook/index.htm
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10. Competition. Medical office equipment
Measurement of HRV usually requires a high-quality electrocardiogram (ECG) with a sampling rate above 250 Hz and an
accurate algorithm to detect the QRS complex. The cost and the complexity of this equipment, however, made the HRV
.
analysis difficult outside the laboratory.
Vessel stiffness Heart Rate Variability Arterial Oxygen Saturation
*www.nellcor.com/prod/pulseoxtech.aspx
SphygmoCor HRV* (AtCor
The VitalSines Package* Medical )
Uses a 3-lead ECG to non-
Measures changes in wave Nellcor® OxiMax® Pulse Oximetry
invasively assess sympathetic
reflection properties caused by System* (Tyco Healthcare)
and para-sympathetic
increased stiffness of arterial walls.
autonomic function in the time Other pulseoximeters:
and frequency domains.
The VitalSines System is
$1995.00 CAD + 7% GST. *www.atcormedical.com/sphygmocor_hrv.html
*www.vitalsines.com/products.htm
Note. Pulse oximeters show pulse wave, but do
not determine pulse wave parameters. Pulse
oximeters provide an indirect measurement of the
arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2).
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11. Competition. Consumer products
BPro® device impinges upon the radial
The Digital Pulse Analyzer
artery over the radius bone to measure PW
estimates PW velocity and
and evaluate Central Aortic Systolic
arterial wall stiffness. “The
Pressure (CASP) and radial Augmentation
price for quality used DPA’s
Index (rAI)
range is $3-8K”
http://www.digitalpulsewaveanalyzer.
com/
DanTest offers a range of devices that measure PW and ECG and evaluate
balance of ANS, stress level, cardio health and other parameters, for
research and educational purposes (as opposite to the proposed consumer
product).
http://www.cardiograde.com/technology/
11 http://www.dantest.com/dtp_hardware.htm Confidential
12. Competition. Consumer products (cont’d)
The available biofeedback devices lack the proprietary solutions that allow the proposed PWA to record the fine shape of the
PW. Because they are based on a crude signal, these devices “simply tell user when to breathe”.
Crude shape, not differentiated PW
The emWAve The StressEraser Fine shape (proposed device)
http://www.amazon.com/StressEraser-SE-1-Portable-Biofeedback-Device/dp/B001B8PIIE/ref=sr_1_cc_1?s=sporting-goods&ie=UTF8&qid=1319552612&sr=1-1-catcorr
http://www.amazon.com/emWave-Personal-Stress-Reliever-Silver/dp/B000IHX9U8/ref=sr_1_cc_2?s=sporting-goods&ie=UTF8&qid=1319553083&sr=1-2-catcorr
The Polar Heart Rate Monitor determines
HRV, without analysis of the shape.
Instant Heart Rate for Android
measures heart rate using built-in Polar RS800CX G3 Heart Rate Monitor
video camera (without any $375.49
external hardware). This
relatively crude application, while
providing limited information
(heart rate only), reflects interest
of the prospective audience to
monitoring the conditions of CVS
(>250,000 downloads,
http://www.appbrain.com/app/instant-heart-
rate/si.modula.android.instantheartrate) Heart rate, speed, average speed, distance,
and heart rate variability (HRV)
http://www.amazon.com/Polar-RS800CX-Multi-Heart-
Monitor/dp/B003RZ96IW
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13. Competition
Company Products Application Price, $ Comments Advantages of our
device
Biocom Technologies •Heart Rhythm Scanner PE Health Assessment $2795 Geared towards R&D users. Broader applications, lower
•HRVLive! $2595 Site not updated since 2008 cost
www.biocomtech.com •Inner Balance Scan 2.0 $795
•Heart Tracker Home Stress Management $295
•Heart Tracker Professional $1795
HeartMath •emWave Desktop Biofeedback $249 Raised in Oct. 2010 $1.1 mln Higher quality signal,
www.heartmathstore.com •emWave Health $655 from two “socially application not limited to
Professional responsible” funds. biofeedback.
Yolo Medical Digital Pulse Wave Analyzer Basic PW analysis price of “used Does not use external Broader applications, lower
www.digitalpulsewaveanal DPA” is $3- computer cost
yzer.com 8K
CardioGrade BPro® •Central Aortic Systolic Device impinges upon the No impingement of the artery.
www.cardiograde.com Pressure radial artery over the radius With BPro®, may be hard to
•Radial Augmentation bone to measure PW get a good signal.
Index
DanTest HW5, HW6, HW8 •ANS Balance The products are designed to Consumer product
•QHRV Prof’l •PW Velocity monitor physiology for
http://www.dantest.com/
•QHRV Lite •Stress Assessment research and educational
purposes
•QHRV Live •Fitness Test
•QHRV Corporate •ECG Analysis
•QHRV Fitness •Biofeedback
•Overall Health Level
WPI application for Android Heart rate Free, or $3 Uses built-in video camera A cell phone produces
www.appbrain.com/app/in as a sensor. Does not need relatively crude signal,
stant-heart- additional hardware. suitable only for heart rate.
rate/si.modula.android.inst
antheartrate
13 Confidential