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Congenital heart: Atrial septal defect
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- 2. ꜱyɴᴏᴩꜱɪꜱ Introduction Definition Types Pathophysiology Clinical features Signs and symptoms Investigation Risk factor Management Complication Prevention
- 3. FETAL CIRCULATION Foramenovule # Open b/w the septum # B/w Rt atrium and Lt atrium Ductus arteriosus # Connection b/w the two arteries. # Connection B/w Pulmonary artery and Aorta Ductus venous # Connection b/w the two veins. # Umbilical vein and IVC branch at liver. Umbilical vein Umbilical artery
- 6. CHD isa abnormality of heart present from birth. It is most common and important form of heart disease in the early year of life. This incidence higher in premature infants Causes : Majority of causes – Unknown Genetics Environmental influences Rubella infection in mother during pregnant Over drugs during pregnant Heavy alcohol CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
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- 9. Introduction An abnormalopening in the atrial septum which allow oxygenated blood from the left atrium to mix with deoxygeneted blood in the right atrium at minor pressure difference. Rt atrium receives blood from SVC, IVC as well as from Lt atrium leading to volume overload and pulmonary congestion. Occur in about 4-10% of CHD. More common in female child.
- 10. Definition An atrialseptal defect is a birth defect of the heart in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that divides the upper chambers (atria) of the heart. A hole can vary in size and may close on its own or may require surgery. Oxygenated blood mixed with deoxygeneted blood.
- 12. Types Ostium secundum(75%) Sinous primum (20%) Sinous venosus (5%) Coronary sinus type (<1%)
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- 15. Clinical features Majorityof cases Asymptomatic Systolic murmur Dysrhythmia Increase fatigability In older children recurrent chest infection Breathlessness Bulging of the chest due to enlargement of Rt ventricle Growth failure in some children Cardiomegaly Pulmonary vascular emboli. Palpitations Sweating
- 16. Signs and symptoms Recurrent chest infection Dyspnea on exertion Edema in extremities Easy fatigability Cardiac enlargement Congestive cardiac failure Poor weight
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- 20. Surgical management : #Cardiac catheterization # Open heart surgery # purse string closure # Knitted dragon patch
- 21. Risk factor Rubellainfection during pregnancy Drug use during Pregnancy Use of tobacco or alcohol use by mother Trisomy 21 – Down syndrome.
- 22. Complications Atrial arrhythmias Pulmonary hypertension Right ventricular disease Eisenmenger syndrome ( irregular blood flow in the heart and lungs ) Shunt reversal Paradoxical embolus Infective endocarditis Congestive heart failure Growth retardation
- 23. Prevention Proper nutritionfor pregnant women Vaccination against Rubella and flu. Avoid drinking alcohol during pregnant. Avoid smoking during pregnant. Avoid prolonged usage of NSAIDs like IBUPROFEN, ASPIRIN etc.