The Health Sector Financing Reform/Health Finance and Governance Project aimed to improve health in Ethiopia by expanding access to healthcare. Over its 5-year period, the project worked with the Government of Ethiopia to implement health financing reforms. These reforms included allowing health facilities to retain and utilize the fees they collect, establishing community-based health insurance, and creating the Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency to oversee the transition to a social health insurance system. The project collaborated with multiple levels of government and other partners to support these reforms and strengthen Ethiopia's health system financing.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project, led by Abt Associates, works with developing countries to improve health systems. It helps countries increase domestic health funding, better manage those resources, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project provides technical assistance to over 40 countries in areas like improving health financing, governance, management systems, and measuring universal health coverage. In Mali, the project worked with the Ministry of Health from 2015-2018 to address challenges and strengthen the health system through activities like assessing the system, building stakeholder consensus on priorities, improving use of health financing data, and increasing public-private sector engagement.
HFG Democratic Republic of Congo Final Country Report HFG Project
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project works to improve health systems in developing countries. Led by Abt Associates, the project helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the project worked with the Ministry of Health to strengthen governance and management under a decentralization reform. Key accomplishments included establishing and building capacity of new provincial health divisions, developing human resources standards and guidelines, and institutional strengthening of central directorates to support the reform.
The document summarizes USAID's efforts over 3 years to strengthen the organizational capacity of Burundi's National HIV/AIDS Program (PNLS). Through training, workshops, and technical assistance, PNLS improved in key areas like strategic planning, project management, coordination, and monitoring. This enabled PNLS to take on greater leadership of Burundi's HIV response, including becoming the principal recipient of Global Fund grants. The transformation of PNLS from a weak to effective organization illustrates the importance of building both technical and foundational management capacities.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project in Angola helped the Ministry of Health develop a costed National Health Plan and monitoring and evaluation system to better advocate for health funding. Specifically:
1) HFG assisted MINSA in calculating a 12-year $6.3 billion budget to implement the National Health Plan, which helped gain approval and political support for increased health funding.
2) An M&E plan was developed and led to the creation of an M&E department at MINSA to track health spending and sector progress.
3) Efforts were made to establish a health accounting system to measure how funds are actually spent, but this was not completed due to a change in government leadership.
The document summarizes the work of the Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project in Guinea between 2012-2018. The key points are:
1) HFG worked to strengthen Guinea's health system following political instability, economic challenges, and the Ebola epidemic which exposed weaknesses.
2) Some of the results include building institutional capacity at the Ministry of Health, improving governance, and strengthening human resources management.
3) Specific accomplishments include supporting health sector coordination, financial management, use of health research, and oversight from the National Assembly.
The Health Finance and Governance project works with countries to improve health systems and expand access to healthcare. In Ghana, the project worked with the National Health Insurance Authority to make the National Health Insurance Scheme more sustainable and effective. This included developing dashboards to monitor enrollment and claims data, conducting research to examine challenges, and laying the groundwork for capitation payments to primary care providers. The project helped institutionalize processes for using evidence to guide decision-making and reform policies to strengthen Ghana's progress toward universal health coverage.
Do Better Laws and Regulations Promote Universal Health Coverage? A Review of...HFG Project
The importance of policies, laws, and regulations (referred to collectively below as “policy instances”) as instruments to support progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries cannot be understated. However, there has been insufficient focus in the literature on the role of these instruments, leading to a lack of evidence as to what constitutes a supportive legal environment that can consistently provide a strong basis for UHC reform processes. In this review, we explore how policies implemented in different country contexts have had an impact on their achievement of UHC goals.
In order to better differentiate the effect of various policy instances on the achievement of UHC goals, we developed a typology for policy instances and then ascribed the different aspects of governance to the instances identified in the literature, based on how they were designed and implemented. Finally, we considered the success of each policy instance identified, in terms of achieving intended UHC-related outcomes.
Governments may have political and process constraints on the number of policy instances they can design and implement in a period leading up to and during health sector reform. In terms of which health system component to focus such change on, we have more evidence for policy instances focused on health financing, given that designing effective financing mechanisms can shape the entire health
sector. Following this, policy instances that address human resources for health and supply chain management should be prioritized as they appear to have key strengthening effects on the provision of healthcare by increasing efficiency, equity, and quality.
This review of the evidence to date of governments’ policy-making experience highlights the importance of effective policy design and implementation with a clear orientation towards better governance, and in particular increased responsiveness and accountability.
The Health Sector Financing Reform/Health Finance and Governance Project aimed to improve health in Ethiopia by expanding access to healthcare. Over its 5-year period, the project worked with the Government of Ethiopia to implement health financing reforms. These reforms included allowing health facilities to retain and utilize the fees they collect, establishing community-based health insurance, and creating the Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency to oversee the transition to a social health insurance system. The project collaborated with multiple levels of government and other partners to support these reforms and strengthen Ethiopia's health system financing.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project, led by Abt Associates, works with developing countries to improve health systems. It helps countries increase domestic health funding, better manage those resources, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project provides technical assistance to over 40 countries in areas like improving health financing, governance, management systems, and measuring universal health coverage. In Mali, the project worked with the Ministry of Health from 2015-2018 to address challenges and strengthen the health system through activities like assessing the system, building stakeholder consensus on priorities, improving use of health financing data, and increasing public-private sector engagement.
HFG Democratic Republic of Congo Final Country Report HFG Project
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project works to improve health systems in developing countries. Led by Abt Associates, the project helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the project worked with the Ministry of Health to strengthen governance and management under a decentralization reform. Key accomplishments included establishing and building capacity of new provincial health divisions, developing human resources standards and guidelines, and institutional strengthening of central directorates to support the reform.
The document summarizes USAID's efforts over 3 years to strengthen the organizational capacity of Burundi's National HIV/AIDS Program (PNLS). Through training, workshops, and technical assistance, PNLS improved in key areas like strategic planning, project management, coordination, and monitoring. This enabled PNLS to take on greater leadership of Burundi's HIV response, including becoming the principal recipient of Global Fund grants. The transformation of PNLS from a weak to effective organization illustrates the importance of building both technical and foundational management capacities.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project in Angola helped the Ministry of Health develop a costed National Health Plan and monitoring and evaluation system to better advocate for health funding. Specifically:
1) HFG assisted MINSA in calculating a 12-year $6.3 billion budget to implement the National Health Plan, which helped gain approval and political support for increased health funding.
2) An M&E plan was developed and led to the creation of an M&E department at MINSA to track health spending and sector progress.
3) Efforts were made to establish a health accounting system to measure how funds are actually spent, but this was not completed due to a change in government leadership.
The document summarizes the work of the Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project in Guinea between 2012-2018. The key points are:
1) HFG worked to strengthen Guinea's health system following political instability, economic challenges, and the Ebola epidemic which exposed weaknesses.
2) Some of the results include building institutional capacity at the Ministry of Health, improving governance, and strengthening human resources management.
3) Specific accomplishments include supporting health sector coordination, financial management, use of health research, and oversight from the National Assembly.
The Health Finance and Governance project works with countries to improve health systems and expand access to healthcare. In Ghana, the project worked with the National Health Insurance Authority to make the National Health Insurance Scheme more sustainable and effective. This included developing dashboards to monitor enrollment and claims data, conducting research to examine challenges, and laying the groundwork for capitation payments to primary care providers. The project helped institutionalize processes for using evidence to guide decision-making and reform policies to strengthen Ghana's progress toward universal health coverage.
Do Better Laws and Regulations Promote Universal Health Coverage? A Review of...HFG Project
The importance of policies, laws, and regulations (referred to collectively below as “policy instances”) as instruments to support progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in low- and middle-income countries cannot be understated. However, there has been insufficient focus in the literature on the role of these instruments, leading to a lack of evidence as to what constitutes a supportive legal environment that can consistently provide a strong basis for UHC reform processes. In this review, we explore how policies implemented in different country contexts have had an impact on their achievement of UHC goals.
In order to better differentiate the effect of various policy instances on the achievement of UHC goals, we developed a typology for policy instances and then ascribed the different aspects of governance to the instances identified in the literature, based on how they were designed and implemented. Finally, we considered the success of each policy instance identified, in terms of achieving intended UHC-related outcomes.
Governments may have political and process constraints on the number of policy instances they can design and implement in a period leading up to and during health sector reform. In terms of which health system component to focus such change on, we have more evidence for policy instances focused on health financing, given that designing effective financing mechanisms can shape the entire health
sector. Following this, policy instances that address human resources for health and supply chain management should be prioritized as they appear to have key strengthening effects on the provision of healthcare by increasing efficiency, equity, and quality.
This review of the evidence to date of governments’ policy-making experience highlights the importance of effective policy design and implementation with a clear orientation towards better governance, and in particular increased responsiveness and accountability.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project helps improve health in developing countries by expanding access to healthcare. Led by Abt Associates, the project works with partner countries to increase domestic health funding, better manage resources, and make wise purchasing decisions. In Nigeria, the project collaborated with government and partners from 2012-2018 to address challenges like underfunding, donor reliance, and weak governance. Key accomplishments included expanding an innovative mobile technology to improve TB response, increasing domestic funding for HIV and primary healthcare, establishing state health insurance schemes, and enhancing multisectoral collaboration around health financing reform.
The document outlines work conducted from 2012 to 2018 related to health financing and universal health care in USAID's Smiling Sun clinics. It includes analysis of pricing and costs, demand, feasibility of pre-payment options, improving financial protection through reviewing pre-payment mechanisms and targeting the poor, and assessments of health financing and essential service packages.
The Health Finance and Governance project in Ukraine worked to improve the country's health system through strategic purchasing approaches. It demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating HIV testing into primary care, improving efficiency of the TB hospital system by developing monitoring and simulation tools, and laying the groundwork for strategic purchasing reforms across the broader hospital sector. Key results included increasing HIV testing and detection rates while lowering costs, helping restructure TB hospitals based on data to improve care and achieve savings, and establishing cost accounting methods and a case-based payment system pilot to enhance the performance and efficiency of hospitals nationwide.
The document summarizes the work of the USAID-funded Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project in Indonesia from 2012-2018. The project worked with the Government of Indonesia and other stakeholders to:
1) Build capacity for strategic health purchasing to improve the sustainability and efficiency of the national health insurance program, JKN.
2) Conduct implementation research to identify challenges affecting JKN at decentralized levels and inform policy adjustments.
3) Strengthen Indonesia's health financing tracking and analysis through health accounts.
The project facilitated strategic purchasing reforms, provided evidence on bottlenecks in JKN implementation, and improved Indonesia's ability to make resource allocation decisions based on data.
Responding to Health System Failure on Tuberculosis in Southern AfricaHFG Project
This document discusses health system failures in combating tuberculosis (TB) in Southern Africa, focusing on miners. It applies the Flagship Framework's "control knobs" (financing, payment, organization, regulation, behavior) to analyze TB control programs. Miners in Southern Africa have the highest TB rates in the world due to occupational and socioeconomic risks. While treatment is effective, health systems struggle with social determinants like poverty, multi-sectoral issues, and long treatment times. The analysis recommends a patient-centered approach involving whole-of-government and multi-sectoral cooperation to better address the underlying drivers fueling the TB epidemic.
Guyana 2016 Health Accounts - Statistical ReportHFG Project
The document provides an overview of Guyana's 2016 Health Accounts methodology. It summarizes key aspects of the System of Health Accounts 2011 framework used, including boundaries, classifications, and definitions. Data was collected from government, households, NGOs, employers, insurers, and donors to track financial flows for health for 2016. The results help understand Guyana's health financing and answer questions on spending patterns.
Mobilizing Domestic Financial Resources for HIV/AIDS - State Level Experience...HFG Project
Authors: Olalekan Obademi, John Osika, Abimbola Kola-Jebutu, Busi Langa, Irene Aniyom
Poster presented at the International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA) in Harare, Zimbabwe, November 28-December 4, 2015.
Integrating HIV/AIDS in Vietnam’s Social Health Insurance Scheme: Experience ...HFG Project
The document describes lessons learned from integrating HIV/AIDS services into Vietnam's social health insurance scheme from 2014-2017. It discusses challenges such as HIV services originally being provided through donor funding and separate from the insurance scheme. The Health Finance and Governance project worked with Vietnamese government agencies to address barriers through technical assistance. This included integrating HIV treatment facilities into the public system funded by insurance, expanding insurance coverage, and shifting to local drug procurement. The project aligned with government policies and created evidence to advocate for sustainable HIV financing as donors transitioned support. Major lessons were the importance of working within complex adaptive systems and existing policy frameworks.
Burundi’s Health Accounts Data Underline Need for Health Financing ReformsHFG Project
Faced with a double burden of disease, Burundi’s government is grappling with how to address growing demand for health care. At the same time, the government is working to balance financial constraints, rising costs, and limited resources. Policymakers need access to the reliable data to make well-informed decisions to raise sufficient funds for the health sector, allocate them according to need, and manage the burden of health costs on households.
For more than a year, the Health Finance and Governance Project (HFG) has worked closely with Burundi’s Health Accounts team to build their capacity to use HA and the SHA 2011 framework. The team is housed in the Planning Unit of the Ministry of Health and Fight Against HIV/AIDS (MSPLS). As a result, MSPLS now has the expertise to produce HAs going forward with minimal external assistance.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project helps developing countries expand access to healthcare through improving health financing, management of resources, and purchasing decisions. Led by Abt Associates, the project works with partner countries in over 40 countries to mobilize domestic funding for health, enhance governance and accountability, improve management systems, and advance universal health coverage. The project is funded by USAID from 2012-2018 and involves several organizations.
Championing Sustainability, Namibia Funds Health AccountsHFG Project
In Namibia, donor funding for health dropped by 47 percent between 2009 and 2013. This sharp decline could have broad implications for the health sector—particularly Namibia’s HIV and AIDS response which relies heavily on donor resources. In light of declining donor resources for health, the Government of Namibia (GRN) is positioning itself to sustain health sector progress to-date, through investing in Health Accounts.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project, led by Abt Associates, works with developing countries to expand access to healthcare. It helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project provides technical assistance in over 40 countries on improving health financing, governance, management systems, and measuring universal health coverage progress.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: RwandaHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
This document summarizes a case study on The Rockefeller Foundation's efforts to support universal healthcare in Bangladesh through its Transforming Health Systems initiative. Some key points:
- THS invested in Bangladesh from 2009-2015, awarding 31 grants totaling $115 million across four work streams, with nearly half focused on UHC policy and advocacy.
- Notable outcomes included increasing awareness and commitment to UHC among government and other stakeholders, contributing to improved and standardized health education training, and supporting technological infrastructure for integrating health information systems.
- Lessons learned included the need for consistent government leadership on UHC, a unified vision and strategy across partners and grants, and a strong local champion to sustain focus on UHC
The USAID-funded Health Finance and Governance project worked in Namibia from 2013-2018 to help the country strengthen its health system and progress toward universal health coverage. It did this by supporting the institutionalization of Health Accounts to track health spending, conducting studies to estimate costs of health services and assess quality across public and private facilities, and building the government's capacity to mobilize resources and make evidence-based financing decisions. This evidence helped Namibia explore sustainable domestic financing options and identify its total funding needs for achieving universal coverage of priority health services.
Haryana 2014/15 State Health Accounts: Key ResultsHFG Project
This Brochure provides an overview of the key results of the findings and policy implications of Haryana’s first Health Accounts (HA) estimation, for fiscal year April 2014 through March 2015. The estimation was conducted using the most recent Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) framework, which was updated in 2011. HA capture spending from all sources: central- and state-level governments, non-governmental organizations, external donors, private employers, insurance companies, and households.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services.
Strengthening Health Financing Capacity in HaitiHFG Project
The USAID Health Finance and Governance Project (HFG) worked to strengthen health financing capacity in Haiti in several ways:
1) HFG supported costing and business planning to help hospitals understand expenditures, identify efficiencies, and develop sustainable operations plans.
2) HFG built the capacity of Haiti's Ministry of Health to conduct costing exercises and use National Health Accounts to track health funding flows.
3) HFG improved hospital financial management by enabling electronic financial reporting and procuring electronic cash registers, resulting in increased revenue collection.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: UgandaHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
Haryana Health Officials Praise New Geographic Information SystemHFG Project
The new Haryana Health Geographic Information System (HHGIS) is an important step to improve data quality and use in Haryana, India. HHGIS allows public health staff like Ms. Babita, the district M&E Officer for Jind, to more easily access, analyze, and compare data from different health information systems. It overcomes challenges like the tedious process of manual data comparison and communication of complex data. HHGIS is expected to significantly reduce the time and effort required for data analysis tasks. With its visualization of data on maps and drill-down capabilities, HHGIS makes data more accessible and usable for informed decision making.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project works with developing countries to improve access to healthcare. Led by Abt Associates, the project helps countries increase domestic health funding, better manage resources, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project has activities in over 40 countries and collaborates with health stakeholders to expand services like maternal and child care, reduce financial barriers, and promote universal healthcare coverage.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project helps improve health in developing countries by expanding access to healthcare. Led by Abt Associates, the project works with partner countries to increase domestic health funding, better manage resources, and make wise purchasing decisions. In Nigeria, the project collaborated with government and partners from 2012-2018 to address challenges like underfunding, donor reliance, and weak governance. Key accomplishments included expanding an innovative mobile technology to improve TB response, increasing domestic funding for HIV and primary healthcare, establishing state health insurance schemes, and enhancing multisectoral collaboration around health financing reform.
The document outlines work conducted from 2012 to 2018 related to health financing and universal health care in USAID's Smiling Sun clinics. It includes analysis of pricing and costs, demand, feasibility of pre-payment options, improving financial protection through reviewing pre-payment mechanisms and targeting the poor, and assessments of health financing and essential service packages.
The Health Finance and Governance project in Ukraine worked to improve the country's health system through strategic purchasing approaches. It demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating HIV testing into primary care, improving efficiency of the TB hospital system by developing monitoring and simulation tools, and laying the groundwork for strategic purchasing reforms across the broader hospital sector. Key results included increasing HIV testing and detection rates while lowering costs, helping restructure TB hospitals based on data to improve care and achieve savings, and establishing cost accounting methods and a case-based payment system pilot to enhance the performance and efficiency of hospitals nationwide.
The document summarizes the work of the USAID-funded Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project in Indonesia from 2012-2018. The project worked with the Government of Indonesia and other stakeholders to:
1) Build capacity for strategic health purchasing to improve the sustainability and efficiency of the national health insurance program, JKN.
2) Conduct implementation research to identify challenges affecting JKN at decentralized levels and inform policy adjustments.
3) Strengthen Indonesia's health financing tracking and analysis through health accounts.
The project facilitated strategic purchasing reforms, provided evidence on bottlenecks in JKN implementation, and improved Indonesia's ability to make resource allocation decisions based on data.
Responding to Health System Failure on Tuberculosis in Southern AfricaHFG Project
This document discusses health system failures in combating tuberculosis (TB) in Southern Africa, focusing on miners. It applies the Flagship Framework's "control knobs" (financing, payment, organization, regulation, behavior) to analyze TB control programs. Miners in Southern Africa have the highest TB rates in the world due to occupational and socioeconomic risks. While treatment is effective, health systems struggle with social determinants like poverty, multi-sectoral issues, and long treatment times. The analysis recommends a patient-centered approach involving whole-of-government and multi-sectoral cooperation to better address the underlying drivers fueling the TB epidemic.
Guyana 2016 Health Accounts - Statistical ReportHFG Project
The document provides an overview of Guyana's 2016 Health Accounts methodology. It summarizes key aspects of the System of Health Accounts 2011 framework used, including boundaries, classifications, and definitions. Data was collected from government, households, NGOs, employers, insurers, and donors to track financial flows for health for 2016. The results help understand Guyana's health financing and answer questions on spending patterns.
Mobilizing Domestic Financial Resources for HIV/AIDS - State Level Experience...HFG Project
Authors: Olalekan Obademi, John Osika, Abimbola Kola-Jebutu, Busi Langa, Irene Aniyom
Poster presented at the International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA) in Harare, Zimbabwe, November 28-December 4, 2015.
Integrating HIV/AIDS in Vietnam’s Social Health Insurance Scheme: Experience ...HFG Project
The document describes lessons learned from integrating HIV/AIDS services into Vietnam's social health insurance scheme from 2014-2017. It discusses challenges such as HIV services originally being provided through donor funding and separate from the insurance scheme. The Health Finance and Governance project worked with Vietnamese government agencies to address barriers through technical assistance. This included integrating HIV treatment facilities into the public system funded by insurance, expanding insurance coverage, and shifting to local drug procurement. The project aligned with government policies and created evidence to advocate for sustainable HIV financing as donors transitioned support. Major lessons were the importance of working within complex adaptive systems and existing policy frameworks.
Burundi’s Health Accounts Data Underline Need for Health Financing ReformsHFG Project
Faced with a double burden of disease, Burundi’s government is grappling with how to address growing demand for health care. At the same time, the government is working to balance financial constraints, rising costs, and limited resources. Policymakers need access to the reliable data to make well-informed decisions to raise sufficient funds for the health sector, allocate them according to need, and manage the burden of health costs on households.
For more than a year, the Health Finance and Governance Project (HFG) has worked closely with Burundi’s Health Accounts team to build their capacity to use HA and the SHA 2011 framework. The team is housed in the Planning Unit of the Ministry of Health and Fight Against HIV/AIDS (MSPLS). As a result, MSPLS now has the expertise to produce HAs going forward with minimal external assistance.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project helps developing countries expand access to healthcare through improving health financing, management of resources, and purchasing decisions. Led by Abt Associates, the project works with partner countries in over 40 countries to mobilize domestic funding for health, enhance governance and accountability, improve management systems, and advance universal health coverage. The project is funded by USAID from 2012-2018 and involves several organizations.
Championing Sustainability, Namibia Funds Health AccountsHFG Project
In Namibia, donor funding for health dropped by 47 percent between 2009 and 2013. This sharp decline could have broad implications for the health sector—particularly Namibia’s HIV and AIDS response which relies heavily on donor resources. In light of declining donor resources for health, the Government of Namibia (GRN) is positioning itself to sustain health sector progress to-date, through investing in Health Accounts.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project, led by Abt Associates, works with developing countries to expand access to healthcare. It helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project provides technical assistance in over 40 countries on improving health financing, governance, management systems, and measuring universal health coverage progress.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: RwandaHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
This document summarizes a case study on The Rockefeller Foundation's efforts to support universal healthcare in Bangladesh through its Transforming Health Systems initiative. Some key points:
- THS invested in Bangladesh from 2009-2015, awarding 31 grants totaling $115 million across four work streams, with nearly half focused on UHC policy and advocacy.
- Notable outcomes included increasing awareness and commitment to UHC among government and other stakeholders, contributing to improved and standardized health education training, and supporting technological infrastructure for integrating health information systems.
- Lessons learned included the need for consistent government leadership on UHC, a unified vision and strategy across partners and grants, and a strong local champion to sustain focus on UHC
The USAID-funded Health Finance and Governance project worked in Namibia from 2013-2018 to help the country strengthen its health system and progress toward universal health coverage. It did this by supporting the institutionalization of Health Accounts to track health spending, conducting studies to estimate costs of health services and assess quality across public and private facilities, and building the government's capacity to mobilize resources and make evidence-based financing decisions. This evidence helped Namibia explore sustainable domestic financing options and identify its total funding needs for achieving universal coverage of priority health services.
Haryana 2014/15 State Health Accounts: Key ResultsHFG Project
This Brochure provides an overview of the key results of the findings and policy implications of Haryana’s first Health Accounts (HA) estimation, for fiscal year April 2014 through March 2015. The estimation was conducted using the most recent Systems of Health Accounts (SHA) framework, which was updated in 2011. HA capture spending from all sources: central- and state-level governments, non-governmental organizations, external donors, private employers, insurance companies, and households.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services.
Strengthening Health Financing Capacity in HaitiHFG Project
The USAID Health Finance and Governance Project (HFG) worked to strengthen health financing capacity in Haiti in several ways:
1) HFG supported costing and business planning to help hospitals understand expenditures, identify efficiencies, and develop sustainable operations plans.
2) HFG built the capacity of Haiti's Ministry of Health to conduct costing exercises and use National Health Accounts to track health funding flows.
3) HFG improved hospital financial management by enabling electronic financial reporting and procuring electronic cash registers, resulting in increased revenue collection.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: UgandaHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
Haryana Health Officials Praise New Geographic Information SystemHFG Project
The new Haryana Health Geographic Information System (HHGIS) is an important step to improve data quality and use in Haryana, India. HHGIS allows public health staff like Ms. Babita, the district M&E Officer for Jind, to more easily access, analyze, and compare data from different health information systems. It overcomes challenges like the tedious process of manual data comparison and communication of complex data. HHGIS is expected to significantly reduce the time and effort required for data analysis tasks. With its visualization of data on maps and drill-down capabilities, HHGIS makes data more accessible and usable for informed decision making.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project works with developing countries to improve access to healthcare. Led by Abt Associates, the project helps countries increase domestic health funding, better manage resources, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project has activities in over 40 countries and collaborates with health stakeholders to expand services like maternal and child care, reduce financial barriers, and promote universal healthcare coverage.
Haryana 2014/15 State Health Accounts: Methodological ReportHFG Project
This Methodological Report provides an overview of the System of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011 framework as used for Haryana State’s 2014/15 Health Accounts (HA) estimation. It documents the data collection approaches and results, analytical steps taken, and assumptions made. It is intended for HA practitioners and researchers who wish to understand how the estimations were generated in Haryana and who need the detailed expenditure flow information for other operational and scientific research.
The purpose of an HA exercise is to estimate the amount and flow of health spending through a health system – in this instance, the Haryana health system, for fiscal 2014/15, April 1. 2014 to March 31, 2015. In addition to estimating general health expenditures, this analysis examined spending on priority diseases, levels of risk pooling (e.g., via government-sponsored insurance schemes), and contributions by the private sector. The HA team worked with the Haryana State Health Resource Centre (HSHRC) to determine the health policy questions of most relevance to Haryana, answers to which HA findings will inform. For more information on the HA findings and their policy implications, please see the main HA report, which complements this Methodological Report.
Haryana 2014/15 State Health Accounts: Methodological ReportHFG Project
This document provides a methodological report on the 2014/15 health accounts for Haryana, India. It describes the conceptual framework used, which follows the System of Health Accounts 2011 methodology to estimate health spending flows. Key classifications examined include financing schemes, providers, functions, and beneficiary characteristics. The report outlines the data sources and analysis conducted, including distribution of spending across primary, secondary and tertiary care. It documents the process undertaken from May 2015 to June 2016, which involved secondary data collection, primary surveys, data analysis using the Health Accounts Production Tool, and stakeholder validation. The tables in Chapter 4 present the results of the health accounts according to the SHA 2011 framework.
The document discusses the work of the USAID-funded Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project in Haiti from 2012-2018. It aimed to [1] improve management of Haiti's public and private health workforce, [2] strengthen health financing capacity for more efficient health services, and [3] improve donor coordination for an effective health sector response. Some key accomplishments include developing Haiti's first national human resources for health strategy, establishing a process to regulate private nursing schools, identifying and removing "ghost workers" from payrolls, and helping hospitals strengthen financial management.
Performance Based Incentives to Strengthen Primary Health Care in Haryana Sta...HFG Project
Authors: Susan Gigli, Jenna Wright, Francis Raj and Mudeit Agarwa
Published: February 28, 2015
The Government of Haryana is interested in adopting a performance-based incentive (PBI) scheme aimed at strengthening primary health care results. In December 2014, the HFG project conducted a qualitative investigation among 10 public health facilities in two Blocks in Haryana in order to understand the existing incentive and operating environments and to inform the design of a PBI scheme. This report presents the findings of the formative investigation and relevant contextual information on the health system in the selected districts with a view toward supporting an effective PBI scheme in Haryana. The findings and considerations fed into a stakeholder PBI design workshop in early 2015.
The study suggested strongly that a PBI scheme—communicated clearly and perceived as fair—could lead to a change in the overall work culture from one that inadvertently encourages passivity to one that promotes teamwork, engagement, initiative, transparency and accountability.
PBI-to-Strengthen-Primary-Health-Care-in-Haryana_Findings-from-a-Formative-In...Dr. M. K. Agarwal
This formative investigation sought to understand the existing incentive environment and operating conditions in public health facilities in Haryana State, India in order to inform the design of a potential performance-based incentive (PBI) scheme. The investigation involved focus groups and interviews at 10 public health facilities across two districts. Key findings included an overall positive yet cautious reaction to PBI among participants. Participants recognized room for improved performance but had concerns about targets and external barriers. Existing government systems like the District Health Information System could potentially support PBI implementation if strengthened. Challenges in the current environment like staffing shortages, pay disparities, and weak performance management would also need to be addressed for PBI to be effective. The investigation provides considerations
Improving Data for Decision-Making: Leveraging Data Quality Audits in Haryana...HFG Project
Resource Type: Report
Authors: Gajinder Pal Singh, Jordan Tuchman, and Michael P. Rodriguez
Published: May 31, 2014
Resource Description:
The Government of India has prioritized 184 of the 640 districts in the country for focused maternal and child health interventions under an integrated program called the Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) initiative. A key factor in the success of this initiative is the ability of the government to effectively track health outcomes through the routine collection of data from service delivery points across the high-priority districts.
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)1 is responsible for monitoring RMNCH+A indicators across the country and has leveraged the rollout of a web-based national health management information (HMIS) for this purpose. In several states, another information system – the web-based District Health Information System (DHIS) 2.0 – is used. A number of reviews of the data produced through the national HMIS have indicated that there are data quality issues. However, there are limited reviews of data quality taking place across the NRHM facilities and no systematic assessment mechanism is currently in place.
To address these issues, the Haryana State NRHM partnered with the HFG Project to conduct a data quality audit (DQA) across four of the state’s high-priority districts. The DQA exercise took place in December 2013, beginning with a presentation of the methodology to a cadre of Haryana NRHM Program Managers, HMIS Officers, and District Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Officers. Presented here is a brief summary of the findings and recommendations, sorted by the five domains evaluated in the DQA exercise.
HFG Project Brief - Improving Health Finance and Governance Expands Access to...HFG Project
The USAID Health Finance and Governance Project works in over 25 countries to improve health systems financing and governance, expand access to essential services like maternal and child health care, and progress toward universal health coverage. In Burundi, the project strengthened the management and organizational capacity of the National HIV/AIDS Program. In Cote d'Ivoire, the project helped develop the country's first post-conflict strategic plan to address health workforce issues and better support HIV care. The project also piloted an integrated HIV service delivery model in Ukraine.
Case Study: Improving Care through Patient-Centered Clinical Pharmacy Service...HFG Project
The Clinical Pharmacy activity in Ethiopia from 2012-2016 aimed to promote patient-centered pharmaceutical services. It trained over 200 pharmacists through a one-month in-service program. As a result, 53 of 65 hospitals implemented clinical pharmacy services. Key factors for its success included a supportive policy environment, stakeholder commitment, and an implementation plan to build staff capacity according to existing guidelines. The activity was part of broader Systems for Improved Access to Pharmaceuticals and Services (SIAPS) project in Ethiopia led by Management Sciences for Health.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: GhanaHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
Data Quality Assessment Pilot Highlights Focus on Improving HMIS Data Quality...HFG Project
As Director of the Statistics Division within India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ms. Deepti Srivatasva held responsibility for the country's health management and information system. Ms. Srivastava worked closely with USAID''s Health Finance and Governance project team on conducting a data quality assessment pilot.
The document summarizes an interview with the Chief of Party/Project Director of the HSFR/HFG Project in Ethiopia.
In the past fiscal year, the project focused on consolidating first generation health care financing reforms and preparing for universal health coverage through activities like building implementation capacity and expanding community-based health insurance. The project performed well, with achievements like graduating supported health facilities, expanding CBHI to more areas, and conducting evaluations.
Looking ahead, the project will focus on further expanding CBHI, launching social health insurance, strengthening supported health facilities, and generating health financing evidence to support policymaking. The Chief of Party expressed gratitude for partnerships while noting ongoing challenges like staff turnover and expanding initiatives to new areas
HFG leaves a legacy of strengthened health systems management and oversight i...HFG Project
The Ministry of Public Health and Population in Haiti held a debriefing session to discuss the accomplishments of the Health Governance Project as it concluded. The project strengthened MSPP's leadership, human resources management, health financing, and internal management over six years. It updated Haiti's health workforce database, launched an accreditation system for nursing schools, improved coordination between MSPP directorates and donors, and established a performance evaluation system. The MSPP now regulates the health sector through policies on ghost workers and an HRH strategy. HFG helped transition implementation and tools to MSPP to sustain its support for a stronger health system in Haiti.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services.
Presentation Handout: Development of a Health Financing Strategy for HaitiHFG Project
This handout is from the presentation titled "Governance in the Third Dimension: Science Fiction or Science Fact," given by HFG at 2015 USAID Global Health Mini-University on March 2, 2015.
Session Description: Strengthening health governance can significantly improve the effectiveness and sustainability of reforms and, in turn, achieve better health system performance. Yet despite its importance, health governance investments are often overlooked. Health governance is frequently misunderstood by governments and the global health community, because governance in practice (vs. theory) is poorly defined and difficult to operationalize.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: PakistanHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
Using Evidence to Design Health Benefit Plans for Stronger Health Systems: Le...HFG Project
Low- and middle-income country governments face competing health priorities as they try to increase their populations’ access to affordable healthcare with limited resources. Faced with difficult choices, how can governments align their spending with health system objectives? One common policy instrument governments are using is the health benefit plan (HBP), defined here as a pre-determined, publicly managed list of guaranteed health services. Based on country experiences, the authors of this report argue that using evidence improves the potential for HBPs to achieve and balance countries’ objectives for equity, efficiency, financial protection, and sustainability in the health sector.
Governments using—or considering—HBPs as part of their pathway to UHC are faced with complex questions as they prepare to design new HBPs or update existing ones to address technological, epidemiological, economic, or other changes. This report is intended to serve as a resource for these governments. Through a review of 25 countries examining the types of evidence used to design and update HBPs, this report identifies actionable lessons for designing HBPs that advance health systems objectives in a sustainable way. More: www.hfgproject.org and https://www.hfgproject.org/using-evidence-health-benefit-plans/
Similar to Conducting Haryana’s First State Level Health Accounts – Interview with Dr. Vikas Sharma (20)
This document outlines a training manual for a hospital costing workshop. It provides an agenda for the 3-day workshop covering topics like the fundamentals of costing, the MASH costing tool, and calculating unit costs. The workshop aims to teach participants how to conduct costing exercises to understand their hospital's costs and improve management. Sessions include introductions, an overview of costing concepts, the costing process, and a demonstration of the MASH tool which is an Excel-based framework for tracking and analyzing hospital resources, services, and costs.
Trinidad and Tobago 2015 Health Accounts - Main ReportHFG Project
This document summarizes the key findings of the 2015 health accounts report for Trinidad and Tobago. It finds that total health expenditure was 4.5 billion TT dollars in 2015, equivalent to 4.1% of GDP. The government financed 41% of health spending, while households financed 35% through direct out-of-pocket payments. Noncommunicable diseases accounted for the largest share of recurrent health spending at 42%. Out-of-pocket payments remain high, comprising over a third of total health expenditure. The report recommends strengthening government commitment to health financing, increasing risk pooling to reduce out-of-pocket spending, improving access to services, and institutionalizing ongoing health accounts estimations.
Guyana 2016 Health Accounts - Dissemination BriefHFG Project
The 2016 Guyana Health Accounts study found that:
1) Total health expenditure in Guyana was $28.6 billion (Guyanese dollars), with the government contributing 81% of funding.
2) The majority (71%) of health funds were spent on public health facilities like hospitals and clinics.
3) Most funds (64%) were spent on curative care services, while non-communicable diseases received the largest share (34%) of funds.
4) Government funding represents the largest source of financing for HIV/AIDS programs and services in Guyana, providing 62% of funds.
Guyana 2016 Health Accounts - Main ReportHFG Project
The document summarizes the key findings of Guyana's first Health Accounts exercise for fiscal year 2016. It found that total health expenditure was G$ 28.6 billion, with the government contributing 81% of funding. Household out-of-pocket spending accounted for 9% of total spending. Non-communicable diseases received the largest share of spending at 34%. The analysis aims to inform strategic health financing decisions and assess domestic resource mobilization as external donor funding declines. Recommendations include increasing prevention spending and strengthening financial commitment to HIV programs.
The Next Frontier to Support Health Resource TrackingHFG Project
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for institutionalizing health resource tracking (HRT) in low- and middle-income countries. It identifies three key elements needed for institutionalization: strong demand for HRT data; sustainable local capacity to produce HRT data; and use of HRT results in policy and decision making. It outlines remaining challenges in each area and suggestions for future investments to address challenges, such as building understanding of HRT's value, maintaining local expertise, improving health information systems, and strengthening communication and use of HRT findings.
Rivers State has a population of over 7 million people from various ethnic groups. The main occupations are fishing, farming, and trading. The state has high rates of tuberculosis, neonatal and under-5 mortality, and HIV prevalence. Key stakeholders in health include the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Finance, and various agencies. The USAID Health Finance and Governance project worked to increase domestic health financing through advocacy, establishing a health insurance scheme, and capacity building. These efforts led to increased health budgets, establishment of healthcare financing units, and improved sustainability of health financing in Rivers State.
ASSESSMENT OF RMNCH FUNCTIONALITY IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIAHFG Project
This document summarizes an assessment of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) services in health facilities in Bauchi State, Nigeria. It found that infrastructure like electricity, water and toilets were lacking in many facilities. There were also shortages of skilled healthcare workers, especially midwives, and staff training. While many facilities offered antenatal care and immunizations, availability of emergency obstetric and newborn care and services like postnatal care and post-abortion care were more limited. Supplies of essential medicines, equipment and guidelines were also often inadequate. Community outreach was provided by some facilities but could be expanded.
BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW 2012-2016 HFG Project
This document summarizes a public expenditure review of health spending in Bauchi State, Nigeria from 2012 to 2016. It finds that while Bauchi State's health budget increased over this period, actual health spending lagged behind budgeted amounts. Specifically, health spending accounted for a small and declining share of the state's total budget and expenditure. The review recommends that Bauchi State increase and better target public health funding to improve health outcomes and progress toward universal health coverage goals.
HEALTH INSURANCE: PRICING REPORT FOR MINIMUM HEALTH BENEFITS PACKAGE, RIVERS ...HFG Project
This document provides a pricing report for a Minimum Health Benefit Package (MHBP) being developed by Rivers State government in Nigeria. It analyzes the cost of 6 scenarios for the package, including individual and household premiums, based on medical claims data from hospitals in Rivers State from 2014-2017. The recommended annual premiums range from N14,026 to N111,734 for individuals and N79,946 to N636,882 for households, depending on the benefits included and the percentage of the state's population covered. The report provides context on data sources and actuarial assumptions used to determine the premiums.
The document is an actuarial report for Kano State's contributory healthcare benefit package in Nigeria. It analyzes 4 scenarios for the package - a basic minimum package alone or plus HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or family planning services. The report finds that the estimated annual premium per individual would be between N12,180-N12,600 depending on the scenario, while the estimated annual premium per household of 6 would be between N73,081-N75,595. It provides these estimates by analyzing the state's population data, healthcare facilities, utilization rates, and costs to determine the risk premiums, administrative costs, marketing costs, and contingency margins for each scenario. The report recommends rounding the premium estimates and includes
Supplementary Actuarial Analysis of Tuberculosis, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA HEALTH...HFG Project
This document provides an actuarial analysis of including tuberculosis (TB) coverage in the Lagos State Health Scheme in Nigeria. It analyzes 3 different TB treatment regimens and estimates the additional premium required. Based on historical TB case data from 2013-2016, it projects the number of cases and costs for the next 3 years. The analysis finds the additional premium to be 488.79 Naira on average per person to cover TB screening tests and the 3 treatment regimens. It acknowledges limitations in the source data and outlines key assumptions made in the projections.
Supplementary Actuarial Analysis of HIV/AIDS in Lagos State, NigeriaHFG Project
This document provides a supplementary actuarial analysis of including HIV/AIDS coverage in the Lagos State Health Scheme benefit package in Nigeria. It estimates the total additional medical cost to cover HIV/AIDS services would be 209.40 Naira per person per year, broken down into costs for HIV testing and counseling (13.60), antiretroviral therapy (133.05), and preventing mother-to-child transmission (15.96). The analysis is based on HIV service data from 2012-2016 and projected population and drug cost data from the Lagos State Ministry of Health. It assumes a 90% continuation and conversion rate for antiretroviral therapy and a 6.5% annual medical cost trend.
Assessment Of RMNCH Functionality In Health Facilities in Osun State, NigeriaHFG Project
This document summarizes an assessment of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health functionality in health facilities in Osun State, Nigeria. It was conducted by Abt Associates in collaboration with other organizations as part of the USAID Health Finance and Governance Project. The assessment aimed to determine service delivery readiness in primary health centers for the Basic Health Care Provision Fund pilot. Key findings included inadequate health facility infrastructure, shortages of health workers and equipment, and gaps in administrative and referral systems. The results provide baseline data on capacity for implementing health financing reforms in Osun State under the National Health Act.
OSUN STATE, NIGERIA FISCAL SPACE ANALYSIS FOR HEALTH SECTORHFG Project
This document analyzes fiscal space for health in Osun State, Nigeria. It examines options for increasing fiscal space such as prioritizing health spending, earmarking taxes for health, and improving efficiency. The analysis finds that covering the state's population under the Osun State Health Insurance Scheme at a premium of N7,660 per person annually would cost over N30 billion, exceeding currently available resources. Additional funding sources or subsidies for vulnerable groups would be required to achieve universal health coverage in Osun State.
INFECTION OF THE BRAIN -ENCEPHALITIS ( PPT)blessyjannu21
Neurological system includes brain and spinal cord. It plays an important role in functioning of our body. Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain. Causes include viral infections, infections from insect bites or an autoimmune reaction that affects the brain. It can be life-threatening or cause long-term complications. Treatment varies, but most people require hospitalization so they can receive intensive treatment, including life support.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
MBC Support Group for Black Women – Insights in Genetic Testing.pdfbkling
Christina Spears, breast cancer genetic counselor at the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, joined us for the MBC Support Group for Black Women to discuss the importance of genetic testing in communities of color and answer pressing questions.
Let's Talk About It: Breast Cancer (What is Mindset and Does it Really Matter?)bkling
Your mindset is the way you make sense of the world around you. This lens influences the way you think, the way you feel, and how you might behave in certain situations. Let's talk about mindset myths that can get us into trouble and ways to cultivate a mindset to support your cancer survivorship in authentic ways. Let’s Talk About It!
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Gemma Wean- Nutritional solution for Artemiasmuskaan0008
GEMMA Wean is a high end larval co-feeding and weaning diet aimed at Artemia optimisation and is fortified with a high level of proteins and phospholipids. GEMMA Wean provides the early weaned juveniles with dedicated fish nutrition and is an ideal follow on from GEMMA Micro or Artemia.
GEMMA Wean has an optimised nutritional balance and physical quality so that it flows more freely and spreads readily on the water surface. The balance of phospholipid classes to- gether with the production technology based on a low temperature extrusion process improve the physical aspect of the pellets while still retaining the high phospholipid content.
GEMMA Wean is available in 0.1mm, 0.2mm and 0.3mm. There is also a 0.5mm micro-pellet, GEMMA Wean Diamond, which covers the early nursery stage from post-weaning to pre-growing.
KEY Points of Leicester travel clinic In London doc.docxNX Healthcare
In order to protect visitors' safety and wellbeing, Travel Clinic Leicester offers a wide range of travel-related health treatments, including individualized counseling and vaccines. Our team of medical experts specializes in getting people ready for international travel, with a particular emphasis on vaccines and health consultations to prevent travel-related illnesses. We provide a range of travel-related services, such as health concerns unique to a trip, prevention of malaria, and travel-related medical supplies. Our clinic is dedicated to providing top-notch care, keeping abreast of the most recent recommendations for vaccinations and travel health precautions. The goal of Travel Clinic Leicester is to keep you safe and well-rested no matter what kind of travel you choose—business, pleasure, or adventure.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
We are one of the top Massage Spa Ajman Our highly skilled, experienced, and certified massage therapists from different corners of the world are committed to serving you with a soothing and relaxing experience. Luxuriate yourself at our spas in Sharjah and Ajman, which are indeed enriched with an ambiance of relaxation and tranquility. We could confidently claim that we are one of the most affordable Spa Ajman and Sharjah as well, where you can book the massage session of your choice for just 99 AED at any time as we are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
Feeding plate for a newborn with Cleft Palate.pptxSatvikaPrasad
A feeding plate is a prosthetic device used for newborns with a cleft palate to assist in feeding and improve nutrition intake. From a prosthodontic perspective, this plate acts as a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities, facilitating effective sucking and swallowing by providing a more normal anatomical structure. It helps to prevent milk from entering the nasal passage, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and enhancing the infant's ability to feed efficiently. The feeding plate also aids in the development of the oral muscles and can contribute to better growth and weight gain. Its custom fabrication and proper fitting by a prosthodontist are crucial for ensuring comfort and functionality, as well as for minimizing potential complications. Early intervention with a feeding plate can significantly improve the quality of life for both the infant and the parents.
Letter to MREC - application to conduct studyAzreen Aj
Application to conduct study on research title 'Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and precancer among dental outpatient in Klinik Pergigian Merlimau, Melaka'
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and Beyond
Conducting Haryana’s First State Level Health Accounts – Interview with Dr. Vikas Sharma
1. CONDUCTING HARYANA’S 1ST STATE LEVEL HEALTH
ACCOUNTS – INTERVIEW WITH DR. VIKAS SHARMA
Interview with Dr. Vikas Sharma, Consultant – Public Health Planning,
Haryana State Health Resource Centre.
Dr. Vikas Sharma led the effort on Haryana state’s 2014/15 Health
Accounts. Dr. Sharma found the state’s maiden Health Accounts exercise
both exacting and exhilarating.
We caught up with him at the dissemination event organized to share the
Haryana Health Accounts findings with key state leadership and
stakeholders. Dr. Sharma spoke with HFG about his experience in conducting
Health Accounts and the crucial role its insights on public health financing
can play in the state’s progress toward universal health coverage.
Yes, absolutely! Firstly, and most importantly, the Health Accounts (HA) findings have given us a roadmap for achieving
universal health coverage in the state. It is ironic that Haryana is one of India’s richest states, but has one of the lowest
expenditures on public health. One of the key findings of the HA has been the high out-of-pocket (OOP) spending by
households in Haryana, which stands at about 72 percent – among the highest in the country. Catastrophic
expenditure on health is pushing people into poverty, and will continue to do so unless public health resources
are increased and effectively allocated and tracked. The HA findings have revealed the scale of the issue and
made clear the urgent need to strategically address public health financing challenges. The results have
helped us to make tangible connections between public health expenditure and health outcomes. For
example, the reduction of the maternal mortality rate tells us that outcomes improve when there
is a strong government focus and robust financing. Conversely, the high household OOP on heart
diseases and diabetes points to the relative neglect of non-communicable diseases in public health
expenditure.
Haryana has successfully completed HA production for the year 2014/15 in just over a year and a half. This is the
first instance in the country where HA has been done using the Health Accounts Production Tool
(HAPT)—developed jointly by USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project and the World Health
Organization. Some other states in India have also completed a round of state-level HA, but Haryana has been a
pioneer in the use of the HAPT to conduct HA.
In your opinion, will the production of state-level Health Accounts contribute to a stronger health system in
Haryana?
This is the first time Haryana has produced HA. How was your overall experience with the
exercise?
2. The first-time use of HAPT was a considerably demanding experience, but brought
with it a lot of learning. The methodology was new and there were very few
examples of its application; there were examples from some African countries but
no examples from India. We successfully completed the HA exercise using the
internationally standardized methodology and produced findings that will be of
crucial significance for public health planning in the state.
The initial challenge for us lay in getting the buy-in from policymakers in the state
for undertaking the HA exercise, why it was necessary, and who would do it. The
HFG team played a major part in building consensus among state policymakers on
the need for producing state-level HA. After a series of consultations, the
responsibility for producing the HA was given to the Haryana State Health
Resource Centre (HSHRC) which then established an HA Cell.
As we set out to conduct the HA, data collection posed the next major challenge.
HA production is an extremely data-intensive exercise, so data collection is crucial.
We needed considerable inter-departmental coordination to get data from various
government departments and bodies, including different ministries, urban and rural
local bodies, and the state employee insurance agency and scheme.
The private sector presented an even bigger challenge. Private insurers, employers,
and NGOs were not very willing to share their spending data with the government.
We partly addressed this issue by taking the needed data from their annual reports
and other publicly available documents.
HFG’s support was critical to addressing the challenges. As co-creators of the
HAPT, they had expertise and international experience in its application. The HFG
team supported us right from the start by helping us become conversant with the
methodology and the tool, and through to the actual production of results. They
helped us identify the potential sources of data and guided us on entering the data
into the tool to derive meaningful results on the state’s public health financing
landscape. With our small team within the HA Cell of HSHRC, we would have, of
course, liked even more hands-on, daily support from the HFG team.
I am confident about producing HA for Haryana if this exercise is undertaken again.
Apart from the hands-on experience producing the Haryana 2014/15 HA, I also
have formal training on HA methodology. I was trained at the national level by the
National Health Systems Resource Center (NHSRC), which is the highest body for
technical assistance on health policy and programming in India. I also received
training from HFG at the state level on the System of Health Accounts 2011 (SHA
2011) tool and methodology. HFG’s support on the methodology, processes, and
tool, has given HSHRC the expertise required to undertake this exercise
successfully on its own in the future.
A flagship project of USAID’s Office
of Health Systems, the Health Finance
and Governance (HFG) Project
supports its partners in low- and
middle-income countries to
strengthen the health finance and
governance functions of their health
systems, expanding access to life-
saving health services. The HFG
project is a five-year (2012-2017),
$209 million global health project.
The project builds on the
achievements of the Health Systems
20/20 project. To learn more, please
visit www.hfgproject.org.
The HFG project is led by Abt
Associates in collaboration with
Avenir Health, Broad Branch
Associates, Development
Alternatives Inc., Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Results for Development Institute,
RTI International, and Training
Resources Group, Inc.
Agreement Officer Representative
Team:
Scott Stewart (GH/OHS)
sstewart@usaid.gov
Jodi Charles (GH/OHS)
jcharles@usaid.gov
Abt Associates
www.abtassociates.com
4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 800
North Bethesda, MD 20814
DISCLAIMER
The author’s views expressed here
do not necessarily reflect the views
of the U.S. Agency for International
Development or the U.S.
Government
What are the key challenges you encountered during your work on the
HA?
The support provided by HFG ranged from technical assistance to
providing the tools and resources required for the production of HA for
Haryana. How did this support help you address some of the challenges?
Do you feel confident about producing HA for Haryana in the future? Do
you think the support HFG provided will impact how the HA exercise is
conducted in the future?