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Concurrency_and_Deadlocks_Presentation.pptx
- 1. Concurrency and Deadlocksin Operating Systems Concepts, Principles, and Mechanisms Your Name Date
- 2. Introduction to Concurrency •• Management of multiple processes (multiprogramming, multiprocessing, distributed processing) • • Mutual exclusion as a key requirement • • Importance of Concurrency in OS
- 3. Principles of Concurrency •• Ability to load and execute multiple programs simultaneously • • Communication, synchronization, and resource allocation • • Types of Concurrency: • • Multiple applications • • Structured applications • • OS structure
- 4. Key Terminologies inConcurrency • • Atomic Operation • • Critical Section • • Race Condition • • Starvation
- 5. Process Interaction Types •• Competition: Processes unaware of each other • • Cooperation by Sharing: Indirect awareness • • Cooperation by Communication: Direct awareness
- 6. Concurrency Mechanisms • •Counting Semaphore • • Binary Semaphore • • Mutex (Mutual Exclusion) Lock • • Condition Variables • • Spinlocks, Monitors, Event Flags, Message Passing
- 7. Introduction to Deadlocks •• Definition: Permanent blocking of processes • • Involves competing for system resources or communication
- 8. Resource Categories forDeadlocks • • Reusable Resources • • Consumable Resources
- 9. Conditions for Deadlock •1. Mutual Exclusion • 2. Hold and Wait • 3. No Preemption • 4. Circular Wait
- 10. Deadlock Prevention • •Design system to disallow at least one of the four conditions • • Prevent mutual exclusion, hold and wait, or no preemption • • Circular wait can be prevented by resource ordering
- 11. Deadlock Avoidance • •Make judicious choices to avoid deadlock • • Requires knowledge of future resource requests • • Methods: • • Process initiation denial • • Resource allocation denial
- 12. Deadlock Detection andRecovery • • Periodically check for circular wait • • Recovery Strategies: • • Abort deadlocked processes • • Back up and restart • • Successively abort or preempt resources
- 13. Conclusion • • Concurrencyimproves performance but introduces complex challenges • • Deadlock prevention, avoidance, and detection strategies are essential for OS reliability