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Compounds used in Warfare
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- 3. Compounds used inwarfare Chemical Warfare
- 4. PREPARED BY: Zahra Naveed(76) Misharab Liaqat (108) Tayaba Kausar (116) Summer Tahir (60) Nafessa Shoukat (112)
- 5. Abstract: • From theaxe, which originated in 1,000,000 B.C.to today’s use of weapons has been varied and incredibly invented. • Weapons have changed history and aided in the rise and fall of civilization.
- 6. Introduction • Weapons • Types •Biological warfare • Surface warfare • Chemical Warfare • History
- 7. Weapons: • Such substancesor elements used to attack on enemy or to protect yourself in the defense manner. • That may rise the civilization or might harm them.
- 8. • In theancient history the first weapon was used by the Chimpanzees .
- 9. Types Biological warfare : •Biological warfare also termed as Germ Warfare . • any of a number of disease-producing agents—such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, toxins, or other biological agents—that may be utilized as weapons against humans, animals, or plants.
- 10. • It latertermed as Bio-agents. • The reason is that the viruses are not self reproductive or required a proper host to reproduce. • Biological weapons are commonly referred to as weapons of mass destruction . Bio-agents
- 11. Biological Warfare Agents •Biological warfare agents differ greatly in the type of organism or toxin used in a weapons system. Such as: • lethality • length of incubation • infectiousness • stability • ability to be treated with current vaccines and medicines.
- 12. Types of BiologicalWeapons: • There are five different categories of biological agents that could be weaponized and used in warfare or terrorism. These include: • Bacteria • Rickettsiae • Viruses • Fungi • Toxins
- 13. Surface Warfare • Itmay be referred to Nuclear weapons or Naval weapons. • Nuclear Weapons device designed to release energy in an explosive manner as a result of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or a combination of the two processes.
- 14. Nuclear Weapons • Fissionweapons are commonly referred to as atomic bombs. • Fusion weapons are also referred to as thermonuclear bombs. Such as hydrogen bombs.
- 15. Naval Weapons • Navalwarfare or weapons are the tactics of military operations conducted on, under, or over the sea.
- 16. Chemical Warfare • Chemicalweapon, any of several chemical compounds, usually toxic agents, that are intended to kill, injure, or incapacitate enemy personnel.
- 17. Types of ChemicalWeapons • Chemical weapons are chemical agents. • Whether they are: • gaseous, • liquid, • solid. • They inflict damage when inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested in food or drink.
- 18. Ways to Spread •Chemical agents become weapons when they are placed into • land mines • missile warheads • grenades • spray tanks, or any other means of delivering the agents to designated targets.
- 19. Chemical Agents • Theseveral types of chemical agents have been developed into weapons. These include • choking agents • blister agents • blood agents • nerve agents • riot-control agents • herbicides.
- 20. History • Chemical weaponswere first used in significant amounts in World War I. • German troops released Chlorine Gas on unsuspecting French soldiers, choking them and causing panic. • The Germans also used Phosgene Gas and introduced Mustard Gas into war in 1917. • By 1918, all major world powers had employed chemical weapons.
- 21. • During WorldWar II, Germany developed nerve agents such as • Toman , • Soman , • Sarin. • After World War II, the British invented VX, a more persistent nerve agent that eventually was deployed by the United States.
- 22. Chemical Weapons usedin Recent Wars • In Iran-Iraq War Iran initiated the chemical weapons(Mustard Gas) in response to Iraqi use the (Riot control and Toxic) Chemicals. • In India-Kashmir War India use the lot of Tear Gas on the unarmed Kashmir’s.
- 23. • There havebeen dozens of attacks with chlorine gas on Syria By Russia since 2013.
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- 25. Harassing Agent • Sensoryirritants • That are not intended to kill or injure. • Referred as Riot Control Agents (RCAs).
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- 28. Tear gases • Formallyknown as a lachrymatory agent • Includes pepper spray • CS gas • CR gas
- 29. Tear gases BenConson and Roger Stougton at middle bury college in 1928.
- 30. Composition • 2-cholorobenzaldehyde • Malononitrile •Dibenzoxazepine • Acetophenone
- 31. Vomiting Agent • Sensoryirritants • Also termed sternators • Nose irritants
- 32. Vomiting agent •Vomiting agentswere synthesized by a German chemist Wieland in 1915.
- 33. Effects • Skin inflammation •Bruising • Asthma • Loss of eyesight • Skull facture
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- 35. Incapacitating agents • Nonlethalagents. • Mainly include physiological agents • Produce debilitating effects. • Permanent injury or loss of life.
- 36. Psychological Agents • Producechanges in thought. • Causing any major disturbances in the nervous system. • Classified as psychomimetic agents.
- 37. Composition • 3-Quinucilidinyl benzilate(BZ) • Phencyclidine (SN) • Lysergic acid diethylamide (K)
- 38. Effects • Restlessness • dizziness •Staggering • vomiting • Distractibility
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- 40. Nerve agents A classof phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates). That disrupt the mechanisms by which nerves transfer messages to organs.
- 41. Nerve Agent The mosttoxic of all weaponized military agents • They are liquids, not “gas” • Stored and transported in liquid state.
- 42. Types of NerveAgents GA GB VX GD
- 43. Composition of Nerveagent These chemical used in formation of nerve agent dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride Chlorobenzene Hydrogen cyanide Triethylamine Phosphorus trichloride
- 44. Effects • Initial effectsof occur within 1-10 minutes" of exposure. Death • Within 15 minutes for Tabun, Sarin, and "Soman" • From 4-42 hours for VX."
- 45. Symptoms • Paralysis • Eyes •Sweating • Nausea • Diarrhea • Convulsion • Coma
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- 47. Blood agent • Cyanidegroup • Prevent the normal utilization of oxygen
- 48. Blood agent • Alsoknown as systematic agents. • Inhabit the activity of certain specific enzymes.
- 49. Blood agent types •Cyanide • Cyanogen chloride
- 50. Composition • Burning cigarettes •Plastic • Wool • Silk
- 51. Effects • Low bloodpressure • Weakness. • Fatigue. • Headache. • Shortness of breath.
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- 53. Chocking Agent • Achemical agent designed to impede a victim’s breathe.
- 54. Pulmonary Agents • Alsoacid-forming, but work primarily in respiratory tract • Examples: – Chlorine gas – Phosgene – Nitrogen oxides – Hydrogen chloride
- 55. Effects • Cause respiratoryirritation with cough, • dyspnea • sore throat • suffocation
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- 57. Lethal agents • Anagent capable of causing death
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- 59. Blisters/vesicants agents • Acid-formingagents that affect mucous membranes and skin; also respiratory tract • Examples: – Mustard gas – Lewisite
- 60. Effects • Skin • Mucousmembrane irritation • Respiratory distress
- 61. Protection Emergency These fourare: Physical protection Medical protection Decontamination
- 62. Basic Initial management Earlypre-hospital decontamination • Removal of infected cloth • Immediately wash with water • Shelter in place • Focus on air patency
- 63. Auto-injector • An auto-injectoris a medical device designed to deliver a single dose of a particular (typically life- saving) drug.
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- 66. Chemical agent monitor •CAM is a proven product. • To detection of nerve or blister agents or liquid agent contamination.
- 67. CWC • Chemical WeaponConvention is an arms control treaty which outlines the production, stockpiling and uses of chemical weapons and its precursors.
- 68. References • www.wekipidea.com • www.linkedin.com •www.quora.com • www.thefreedictionary.com • www.brtinnica.com