Complete_Rules_Pronouns_English_With_Aditi_Kapoor.pdf

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PRONOUNS

❑ Important Concept-Building For Pronoun:
• Definition: A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun to avoid its
repetition.
• Knowledge of pronouns help in improving reading comprehension and reading
speed.

Rule 14: Personal Pronouns:
➢ These pronouns are placed as a substitute for people or things.
➢ These are of two types:
• Subjective/Nominative
• Objective/Accusative
This means that pronouns can act either as the subject or for the object of the
sentence.
e.g.,
We were going to play Chess.
Could you please go to the market with me?
They are watching a movie.
I met him at the meeting last week.

Rule 15: The pronouns can be classified into the following four categories:
Nominative/
Subjective
Accusative
/Objective
Possessive/
Genitive
Reflexive
I Me My/mine Myself
We Us Our/ours Ourselves
You You Your/yours
Yourself/
yourselves
He Him His/his Himself
She Her Her/hers Herself
They Them Their/theirs Themselves
It - Its Itself
Who Whom Whose -

Exercise – 1: Identify the pronouns:
1. My brother loves to read books. He is a thorough reader..
2. They visited their grandparents’ house during holidays.
3. He has specifically asked you to call him.
4. They are really playing well today.
5. He performed his best during the show.

Rule 16: When a pronoun refers to a noun in the sentence, the replaced noun is
called antecedent. The pronoun should be placed close to its antecedent and must
agree with it in gender and number.
e.g.,
a. The coach chose those players because they had performed well in the last
tournament.
b. He has many cars but wants to sell his red one since they/it would not provide
good mileage.

Rule 17: The subjective case is used for the complement of the verb (-be form).
E.g.,
It was he who did it.
If I were she, I would not go there.
If they were we/us, they would never accept it. (Practice)

Rule 18: The subjective/nominative case is used after comparison with than/as.
She is taller than I (am).
I love you more than he (loves you).
He is as good a player as I.
I can sing as well as she.
I have no liking for such a man as he/him. (Practice)

Rule 19: The object of a preposition/verb should be in objective case.
e.g.,
These flowers are for her.
I wrote this letter for him.
This song is dedicated to them.
These books are for you and I/me. (Practice)

Rule 20: Let and Except are followed by pronoun in the objective case.
e.g.,
Let them go.
Let you and me solve this question.
Everyone attended the meeting except him.
No one will come to your party except me.
None of the students were interested but he/him. (Practice)

Rule 21: When comparison is done using Like or To, Objective Case should be used.
e.g.,
She is senior to me.
We want good employees like him.
My sister is elder to I/me. (Practice)

Rule 22: Indefinite pronouns Each, Every, Either, Neither, -one, -body are singular and
must be referred to as singular.
e.g.,
Each of them has to submit his assignment by tomorrow.
Neither of them has approved your request.
Everyone should do what is best for his/their country. (Practice)

Rule 23: The possessive pronoun of ‘one’ is ‘one’s’.
e.g.,
One should honour one’s word.
One must complete one’s work.
One must perform his duty towards his country. (Practice)

Rule 24: Do not use possessive pronouns with separation, leave, excuse,
mention, sight and favour.
e.g.,
I need your favour. (Incorrect)
She made your mention during the meeting. (Incorrect)
At his sight, I left the party. (Incorrect)
I need to take your leave now. (Practice)

Rule 25: Order of personal pronouns: When first, second and third person pronouns (I,
you, and he) are used together, the order should be:
a. Positive/Neutral cases: 2, 3 and 1
e.g.,
You, he and I are neighbours.
b. Negative cases: 1, 2 and 3
e.g.,
I, you and he will be punished for this mistake.
He, I and you have been invited to this event. (Practice)

Rule 26: Reciprocal Pronoun ‘each other’ is used for two, ‘one another’ for more than
two.
e.g.,
You and I like each other.
All four brothers help one another with their work.
The brethren of this community should support each other/one other during this crisis.
(Practice)

Rule 27: When the same person is the subject and object, it is necessary to use
reflexive pronouns.
e.g.,
He cut himself shaving this morning
He hurt himself during the match.
We should take care of us/ourselves when we are sick.

Rule 28: Reflexive pronouns should be added as objects of these verbs:
enjoy, avail, pride, resign, apply, acquit, assert, absent, reconcile, amuse, exert,
avenge, absolve, conduct
e.g.,
He absented himself from the meeting again.
The children enjoyed themselves at the picnic.
She prides herself on her wealth and status.
He has resigned himself to fate.
The people acquitted themselves well during the crisis.
She has reconciled herself to the demands of her relatives.
The students exert a lot at the time of examination. (Practice)

Rule 29: Reflexive pronouns should not be added as objects of these verbs:
Keep, stop, turn, qualify, bathe, move, rest and hide
e.g.,
You should keep yourself away from bad company. (Practice)
He hid himself in the small room. (Practice)

Rule 30: Relative pronouns are used to link two parts of a sentence.
• They should be placed as close as possible to the antecedent.
• The different relative pronouns are Who, Whom, Whose, Which and That.
e.g.,
Here is the novel that you lent me.
I have read a few works of Shakespeare who was a great dramatist.

Rule 31: Who/Whom/Whose is used for living things in subjective, objective and
possessive cases respectively.
What was the name of the person who lent you the money?
Anyone who wants to take the exam must enter before next Friday.
The person whom I referred for the job has been shortlisted.
The man whom I met at the meeting is the CEO of this company.
The resident whose car was stolen has filed a complaint.
The minister who/whom everyone voted for is a charitable person. (Practice)

Rule 32: Which/That are used to refer to both living as well as non living things.
Also, Which is used to make a selection from a group of things.
This is the book that I borrowed from the library.
The yellow houses, which are to your right, have bigger rooms.
Which of these movies did you like most?
The master asked who/which of the four servants had broken the vase. (Practice)

Rule 33: The relative pronoun ‘that’ is used after Only, Any/Anything. Everything, It
is, Same, All, Superlative Degree.
He is the only person that can help you.
It is the same watch that was stolen by him.
All that glitters is not gold.
This is the best that we can do.
Is there any person that/who has solved this equation yet? (Practice)

Directions: Identify the error in each of the following questions.

1. During the event, all the boxers were punching each other in the ring.

2. I think he is the best candidate who can perform this job properly.

3. The phone that my father bought for me yesterday is better than you.

4. I would have denied his request for taking leave if I was you.

5. I have been playing guitar for five years so I think I can play better than he.

6. The person which was recommended by the council did not fulfil the prescribed
criterion.

7. Did you really lose all the money which you brought with you?

8. David has such a good memory that he can recall everything what happened during
his childhood clearly.

9. This is one of the books that has been written by the famous author.

10. The book, although written in poor English, makes a few good points that needs to
be acknowledged.

11. He is the only person who came forward to help the poor families in our
neighbourhood.

12. He, I and You will prepare food for our guests at tonight’s party.

13. Is there anyone else you want to invite to the party except Mr. Rao and I?

13. None of us knew anything about the thief so the council decided to let him and I
go.

14. I need your favour as I am facing difficulty booking a cab at this hour.

15. Both of them qualified themselves in the test and have made it to the next round.

Complete_Rules_Pronouns_English_With_Aditi_Kapoor.pdf

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