This document provides information on phonemes and phonology in English and Tagalog. It lists the phonemes, or meaningful sounds, in both languages. English has 15 consonants and 5 vowels, while Tagalog has fewer consonants but includes additional phonetic symbols. The document also provides examples of Tagalog words with their English approximations of pronunciation. Various Tagalog affixes and their functions are defined. Overall, the document introduces concepts of phonology and compares the phonemic systems of English and Tagalog.

3. Ponema ( Phoneme) - isang
makabuluhang tunog.
20 phonemes= 15 consonants + 5
vowels
English – a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q
rstuvwxyz
Tagalog- a b k d e g h l m n o ng p r s t
uwy

6. PA
Examples
English approximation
Consonants
ʔ
galâ [ɡɐˈlaʔ], mantikà [mɐnˈtikaʔ], buang [ˈbuʔaŋ] the catch in uh-oh
b
bagay; kaba; libo; positibo; ibon; sanib
d
daw; din; dilà; dadaanan; madiin; madre; berde;
dawn
entremitida; litid; posibilidad
dʒ
diyan; udyok
joy
ɡ
gatas; grande; lagi; kastigo; masipag
gold
h
hawak; laho; trabaho
heaven
j
yupi; mayabang; kahoy; sakay
you
k
kapit; keso; yakap; bakal; tiwarik
cape, like
best

7. l
talino; kalog; tapal
lamb
m
madre; lamat; inaasam
maker
n
nasipat; dadanas; asin
need
ŋ
ngipin; ingat; dating; lasíng;
sink; finger; wing
ɲ
anyo; ninyo; kaniya
canyon
p
piso; tapos
taping

8. ɾ
raw; rin; ragasa; rason; resulta; marami; pero;
run
syempre; daliri; biro; drayber; puder; holdaper
s
sugat; paspasan; husgado; isdâ; basbás; butas
sword
ʃ
siya, syempre; kasya, perwisyo
shine, cash
t
tamís; batà; malapit
stand
ts
kutsara
cats, sometimeschew
tʃ
tiyak; kutya, kutsara
chew
w
lawak; daw; aliw
wow
ɰ
sige
a bit like w
x
yakap; bakal
Bach
z
husgado; isda; basbas
zebra

9. IPA
Examples
English approximation
Vowels
a
batok; bitag; butas; kusa
father
ɐ
tanso[1]
nut
e
heto; keso; kendeng; depende;
mayroon; kiliti; daliri; bakit; kasi;
ngipin; din; rin
send, ray[2]
i
sinat; ngipin
see
ɪ
itak, ginto[3]
sit
o
pompiyang; papanoorin;
papanoorin; katotohanan; bota;
puso; yero; biro
bore, talk[4]
u
putik
duplicate; soon
Other symbols used in transcription of Tagalog pronunciation
IPA
ˈ
Explanation
Primary stress (placed before the
stressed syllable):
tayô [taˈjoʔ] 'to stand', táyo [ˈtajo] 'we'

10. Plosives
/p/
"p" (pulá)
/b/
"b" (bughaw)
/t/
"t" (tao)
/d/
"d" (diláw)
/k/
"g" (gulay).
/ʔ/
"-" (mag-uwi),
normally not
written when
appearing at the
end of a word
(galâ) or
between vowels
(buang)
/s/
/ʃ/
"sy" (sya)
(form of
siya)
/h/
/tʃ/
"ts"
(tsokolate)"ty"
(tyan)(a form
of
tiyan(stomach)
)
/dʒ/
"dy" (dyan)(a
form of
diyan(there))
/ts/
"zz"
("pizza")"ts"
tatsulok
"s" (sanga)
"h" (hawak)
"k" (kamáy)
/ɡ/
Affricates
Fricatives

11. Nasals
/m/
"ny" (anyo)
"l"
(larawan)
"n" (nais)
/ɲ/
/l/
"m" (matá)
/n/
Laterals
Rhotics
/ɾ/
/ŋ/
"ng" (ngitî)
"r"
(saráp, kuryente)

15. Panlapi
Salitang ugat
Unlapi
pag
kain
pagkain
nag
luto
nagluto
na
bili
nabili
um
talon
tumalon
in
palo
pinalo
um
sayaw
sumayaw
an
kanta
kantahan
an
bigay
bigayan
Gitlapi
Hulapi
Kabilaan
pinag,an
talo
pinagtalunan
pag,an
away
pag awayan

17. a. Pangatnig (conjunctions)- a word used to
connect other words or group of words.
• and,but,yet,for,nor,so
• datapwat,habang,subalit,dahil sa,kung,kaya
b. Pang-ukol ( prepositions) – links
nouns,pronouns, and phrases to other words
in a sentence.
• or,beneath,against,besides,over,during
• ayon sa,kay,sa,laban sa/kay, tungkol sa/kay

18. c. pantukoy ( articles) – words that
combine with a noun or to indicate the
type of reference made by the noun.
• a, an, the
• ang,ang mga,si,sina,ni,nina,kay,kina

28. T hank you
so much
and God
Bless!!!
Roxan