This document provides a historical overview of how football has evolved over the decades from the 1840s to the present. It discusses changes in the sport for players of different ages, such as the introduction of the forward pass and increased professionalization. The summary also notes how football has become more inclusive of Black players, women, and LGBTQ people. However, it comments that further progress is still needed in coaching diversity. The document concludes by discussing how football continues to be a source of community and tradition in American culture.
This document summarizes a lecture about the history and evolution of American football. It discusses how football originated in the late 19th century at elite universities and grew tremendously in popularity over the following decades. Key figures like Knute Rockne helped spread the game. The sport faced criticism over violence and injuries but adapted rules while maintaining widespread fan interest. In modern times, the game continues to grapple with the physical toll it takes on players' health and concerns over associated risks like binge drinking.
This document discusses the evolution of football in the late 20th century. It describes how the NFL continued to grow in popularity in the 1990s and experiments with new offensive schemes. It also covers how college football saw changes like freshman eligibility and scholarship rules. Specifically, it outlines how Howard Schnellenberger transformed Miami's program in the 1980s to focus on local recruiting and a pro-style offense. This helped launch Miami as a dynasty under Schnellenberger and later Jimmy Johnson. It also describes how the run and shoot offense was pioneered at schools like Houston behind coaches like Mouse Davis and Andre Ware.
This document summarizes how the game of football has evolved over time from the 1840s to the present day. It discusses changes in rules, player demographics, coaching demographics, the rise of analytics, and the growing participation of women and girls in flag football. While issues around diversity in coaching still remain, the document highlights progress that has been made and how the 10-year old today would see a much more inclusive version of the sport compared to generations past.
This lecture discusses how college and NFL football offenses have evolved over the past few decades to focus more on passing and scoring points. Spread offenses like the run-and-shoot and air raid have been adopted and refined. Rule changes and advances in turf and facilities have also enabled higher scoring. Fantasy football became hugely popular online, driving more viewership. NFL teams have also increasingly relocated and conferences realigned for financial reasons.
This document provides a historical overview of how football has evolved over the decades from the 1840s to the present. It discusses changes in the sport for players of different ages, such as the introduction of the forward pass and increased professionalization. The summary also notes how football has become more inclusive of Black players, women, and LGBTQ people. However, it comments that further progress is still needed in coaching diversity. The document concludes by discussing how football continues to be a source of community and tradition in American culture.
This document summarizes a lecture about the history and evolution of American football. It discusses how football originated in the late 19th century at elite universities and grew tremendously in popularity over the following decades. Key figures like Knute Rockne helped spread the game. The sport faced criticism over violence and injuries but adapted rules while maintaining widespread fan interest. In modern times, the game continues to grapple with the physical toll it takes on players' health and concerns over associated risks like binge drinking.
This document discusses the evolution of football in the late 20th century. It describes how the NFL continued to grow in popularity in the 1990s and experiments with new offensive schemes. It also covers how college football saw changes like freshman eligibility and scholarship rules. Specifically, it outlines how Howard Schnellenberger transformed Miami's program in the 1980s to focus on local recruiting and a pro-style offense. This helped launch Miami as a dynasty under Schnellenberger and later Jimmy Johnson. It also describes how the run and shoot offense was pioneered at schools like Houston behind coaches like Mouse Davis and Andre Ware.
This document summarizes how the game of football has evolved over time from the 1840s to the present day. It discusses changes in rules, player demographics, coaching demographics, the rise of analytics, and the growing participation of women and girls in flag football. While issues around diversity in coaching still remain, the document highlights progress that has been made and how the 10-year old today would see a much more inclusive version of the sport compared to generations past.
This lecture discusses how college and NFL football offenses have evolved over the past few decades to focus more on passing and scoring points. Spread offenses like the run-and-shoot and air raid have been adopted and refined. Rule changes and advances in turf and facilities have also enabled higher scoring. Fantasy football became hugely popular online, driving more viewership. NFL teams have also increasingly relocated and conferences realigned for financial reasons.
The document discusses the issue of college sports sponsorships with online sports gambling companies. It notes that while such deals provide revenue for athletic departments, they present moral dilemmas around exploiting and harming students. Some universities have modified or ended sponsorship deals after public backlash over targeting students with promotional codes and access to personal information. Politicians have also expressed concerns that colleges are not adequately supporting students who may develop gambling addictions. The gaming industry argues alumni sponsorships are acceptable but their self-imposed code of conduct on college partnerships is not enforceable.
JRN 589 - Concussions II / Female AthletesRich Hanley
Female athletes have been underrepresented in concussion studies, with some studies including no female participants. As a result, concussion protocols and treatment have largely focused on male athletes and may not adequately address the needs of female athletes. Several recent studies found that females have higher concussion rates than males in some sports, experience more severe symptoms, and have worse outcomes. However, females remain an understudied population. Including more female athletes in concussion research is needed to develop gender-specific guidelines and improve treatment for all athletes.
Concussions have been documented in football since the 19th century, but it was not until 1994 that the NFL began taking them seriously by forming a committee to study their causes and effects. Studies from the late 19th century onwards found high concussion rates in football players and warnings of long term neurological consequences. However, the game continued without warnings until lawsuits in the 2010s forced acknowledgement of the link to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Modern players are larger and faster, but rule changes aim to reduce head impacts despite 99% of examined NFL player brains showing signs of CTE.
JRN 589 - Brian Flores and Eric BIeniemyRich Hanley
- Brian Flores sued the NFL in 2022 for racial discrimination in its hiring practices of Black head coaches. A judge ruled Flores' case against the Broncos, Giants, and Texans can proceed to trial, as he alleges they conducted "sham interviews" under the Rooney Rule.
- The Rooney Rule requires teams to interview minority candidates for head coaching and front office positions, but Flores argues it has not worked as intended and teams still discriminate.
- Eric Bieniemy, the Chiefs' offensive coordinator, continues to be passed over for head coaching jobs despite his success, like previous white coordinators under Andy Reid receiving roles. A study found Black coordinators face disadvantages in the attributes historically
Here is the presentation that accompanied the lecture on the history of segregation in the NFL and college football to serve as background to the sequence on Black coaches in the NFL and college football.
JRN 589 - The Triumph of NIL / The NCAA Strikes BackRich Hanley
The document summarizes the legal case of Ed O'Bannon vs the NCAA regarding the use of college athletes' names, images, and likenesses in video games and other media without compensation. O'Bannon, a former UCLA basketball player, filed a lawsuit in 2009 arguing this violated antitrust laws. The case established that NCAA compensation rules were an illegal restraint of trade. It paved the way for athletes to be paid for NIL rights, though the full implications were not realized until Justice Kavanaugh's concurring opinion in 2021 further questioned the NCAA's definition of amateurism. The case eliminated the fiction of amateurism in college sports.
The document discusses the origins and evolution of the concept of amateurism in sports. It traces how British historians in the 18th-19th centuries misinterpreted and fictionalized accounts of amateurism in ancient Greek athletics for political and class-related reasons. This myth of Greek amateurism was then propagated through works like Tom Brown's Schooldays and influenced the founding of the modern Olympic Games with their focus on amateurism. Key figures like Walter Camp and Pierre de Coubertin helped spread this myth in America and further shape the ideology of amateurism in sport, despite it having little basis in the actual practices of ancient Greek athletes.
This document summarizes how the game of football has evolved over time from the 1840s to the present day. It discusses changes in rules, player demographics, the growth of analytics, and the increasing involvement of women and minorities. While the basic elements of carrying an air-filled bladder across a line remain the same, football continues to reflect the broader social and cultural changes happening in America.
This document summarizes the history and evolution of football in the United States. It discusses how football originated at Harvard in the late 1800s and grew tremendously in popularity through the early 1900s. It became firmly established as a national tradition and pastime. The document also notes how the sport has changed over time through rule modifications to improve safety as well as the diminished but still important roles of kicking in modern football.
This lecture discusses how football has evolved on and off the field over the last few decades. Off the field, both college and pro football have adapted to technological changes to make the game more popular on TV. On the field, spread offenses like the run-and-shoot and air raid have led to explosive increases in scoring. Conference realignments and the creation of a playoff system have also changed the structure of college football. Fantasy football has hugely grown the audience for the NFL by incentivizing fans to watch more games.
This document discusses various proposed solutions to disinformation and their flaws. It outlines four main solutions: media literacy, content moderation, prebunking, and truth sandwiches. For each solution, it notes limitations such as the difficulty of teaching critical thinking, biases in content moderation, and how disinformation operators exploit journalistic standards of balance. The conclusion states that while no solution is perfect, the goal should be finding approaches that are good enough to contain disinformation without needing to be perfect.
The document discusses the concept of "the liar's dividend" where spreading disinformation does not necessarily result in consequences for the liar. It has become easier to spread disinformation through social media. This erodes trust in journalism and spreads skepticism of real evidence. It benefits authoritarian leaders and shifts societal norms. Journalists face dilemmas in verifying information and may overstate "fake news" issues out of self-interest, further exacerbating problems. Finding solutions is difficult as disinformation spreads faster than the truth.
This lecture discusses the evolution of football from the 1960s to the present day. It outlines how rule changes and innovations favored a more open, passing-focused game. Bill Walsh developed the West Coast offense for the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1960s-70s which featured short, precise passes. He then implemented this offense with the San Francisco 49ers in the 1980s, winning multiple Super Bowls. The quarterback position became more prominent and offenses increasingly revolved around the pass due to these philosophical and rules changes, transforming the sport into the form seen today.
This lecture discusses the evolution of football from the late 1960s to the 1970s, including the rise of celebrity quarterbacks like Joe Namath, the growth of televised football culminating with Monday Night Football, and the emergence of option offenses like the wishbone and veer that came to dominate college football. Innovations like artificial turf and domed stadiums supported these new offenses. Although the wishbone was eventually countered, it led to a running back-dominated era in college football. Professionally, the AFL-NFL merger was completed, and Paul Brown introduced innovations with the Cincinnati Bengals like the short-passing West Coast offense.
The document discusses the Overton Window, which refers to the range of ideas that the public is willing to consider. It notes that think tanks and social movements must work to shift the Overton Window to advance their policy goals. However, disinformation has also become a driver in shifting the Overton Window, as was seen with the stop-the-steal campaign which influenced electoral rules and led to many Republican candidates casting doubt on the 2020 election results. The rapid spread of ideas online through memes and internet culture has also contributed to a faster opening of the Overton Window.
This lecture discusses the evolution of college and pro football between the 1920s-1950s. A key moment was Alabama's 1926 Rose Bowl victory, which boosted the popularity of southern college football. The NFL saw increased integration of former college stars in the 1930s due to rule changes allowing passing anywhere behind the line of scrimmage. This opened up the game and led to the rise of star quarterbacks. By the late 1930s, the NFL had established stable teams in major cities and a college draft system to sort new players.
The World Health Organization termed the spread of COVID-19 misinformation an "infodemic" that led to unnecessary death and suffering. A vast amount of disinformation spread on social media and through bots, confusing people and undermining public health efforts. Disinformation promoted dangerous "cures" and conspiracy theories, and later targeted COVID-19 vaccines. Vulnerable groups like women, youth, and low-income individuals were specifically targeted. The spread of misinformation has been linked to lower vaccination rates and higher COVID-19 death rates among some groups.
The document discusses the relationship between conspiracy theories like QAnon and disinformation spread on social media. While social media helps spread disinformation, research shows people are only influenced if they are already prone to conspiratorial thinking. Some key points: social media provides a platform to spread ideas silently; mainstream coverage of conspiracies also fuels beliefs; and surveys show only 5-7% of Americans actually believe in QAnon theories despite their influence.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
The document discusses the issue of college sports sponsorships with online sports gambling companies. It notes that while such deals provide revenue for athletic departments, they present moral dilemmas around exploiting and harming students. Some universities have modified or ended sponsorship deals after public backlash over targeting students with promotional codes and access to personal information. Politicians have also expressed concerns that colleges are not adequately supporting students who may develop gambling addictions. The gaming industry argues alumni sponsorships are acceptable but their self-imposed code of conduct on college partnerships is not enforceable.
JRN 589 - Concussions II / Female AthletesRich Hanley
Female athletes have been underrepresented in concussion studies, with some studies including no female participants. As a result, concussion protocols and treatment have largely focused on male athletes and may not adequately address the needs of female athletes. Several recent studies found that females have higher concussion rates than males in some sports, experience more severe symptoms, and have worse outcomes. However, females remain an understudied population. Including more female athletes in concussion research is needed to develop gender-specific guidelines and improve treatment for all athletes.
Concussions have been documented in football since the 19th century, but it was not until 1994 that the NFL began taking them seriously by forming a committee to study their causes and effects. Studies from the late 19th century onwards found high concussion rates in football players and warnings of long term neurological consequences. However, the game continued without warnings until lawsuits in the 2010s forced acknowledgement of the link to chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Modern players are larger and faster, but rule changes aim to reduce head impacts despite 99% of examined NFL player brains showing signs of CTE.
JRN 589 - Brian Flores and Eric BIeniemyRich Hanley
- Brian Flores sued the NFL in 2022 for racial discrimination in its hiring practices of Black head coaches. A judge ruled Flores' case against the Broncos, Giants, and Texans can proceed to trial, as he alleges they conducted "sham interviews" under the Rooney Rule.
- The Rooney Rule requires teams to interview minority candidates for head coaching and front office positions, but Flores argues it has not worked as intended and teams still discriminate.
- Eric Bieniemy, the Chiefs' offensive coordinator, continues to be passed over for head coaching jobs despite his success, like previous white coordinators under Andy Reid receiving roles. A study found Black coordinators face disadvantages in the attributes historically
Here is the presentation that accompanied the lecture on the history of segregation in the NFL and college football to serve as background to the sequence on Black coaches in the NFL and college football.
JRN 589 - The Triumph of NIL / The NCAA Strikes BackRich Hanley
The document summarizes the legal case of Ed O'Bannon vs the NCAA regarding the use of college athletes' names, images, and likenesses in video games and other media without compensation. O'Bannon, a former UCLA basketball player, filed a lawsuit in 2009 arguing this violated antitrust laws. The case established that NCAA compensation rules were an illegal restraint of trade. It paved the way for athletes to be paid for NIL rights, though the full implications were not realized until Justice Kavanaugh's concurring opinion in 2021 further questioned the NCAA's definition of amateurism. The case eliminated the fiction of amateurism in college sports.
The document discusses the origins and evolution of the concept of amateurism in sports. It traces how British historians in the 18th-19th centuries misinterpreted and fictionalized accounts of amateurism in ancient Greek athletics for political and class-related reasons. This myth of Greek amateurism was then propagated through works like Tom Brown's Schooldays and influenced the founding of the modern Olympic Games with their focus on amateurism. Key figures like Walter Camp and Pierre de Coubertin helped spread this myth in America and further shape the ideology of amateurism in sport, despite it having little basis in the actual practices of ancient Greek athletes.
This document summarizes how the game of football has evolved over time from the 1840s to the present day. It discusses changes in rules, player demographics, the growth of analytics, and the increasing involvement of women and minorities. While the basic elements of carrying an air-filled bladder across a line remain the same, football continues to reflect the broader social and cultural changes happening in America.
This document summarizes the history and evolution of football in the United States. It discusses how football originated at Harvard in the late 1800s and grew tremendously in popularity through the early 1900s. It became firmly established as a national tradition and pastime. The document also notes how the sport has changed over time through rule modifications to improve safety as well as the diminished but still important roles of kicking in modern football.
This lecture discusses how football has evolved on and off the field over the last few decades. Off the field, both college and pro football have adapted to technological changes to make the game more popular on TV. On the field, spread offenses like the run-and-shoot and air raid have led to explosive increases in scoring. Conference realignments and the creation of a playoff system have also changed the structure of college football. Fantasy football has hugely grown the audience for the NFL by incentivizing fans to watch more games.
This document discusses various proposed solutions to disinformation and their flaws. It outlines four main solutions: media literacy, content moderation, prebunking, and truth sandwiches. For each solution, it notes limitations such as the difficulty of teaching critical thinking, biases in content moderation, and how disinformation operators exploit journalistic standards of balance. The conclusion states that while no solution is perfect, the goal should be finding approaches that are good enough to contain disinformation without needing to be perfect.
The document discusses the concept of "the liar's dividend" where spreading disinformation does not necessarily result in consequences for the liar. It has become easier to spread disinformation through social media. This erodes trust in journalism and spreads skepticism of real evidence. It benefits authoritarian leaders and shifts societal norms. Journalists face dilemmas in verifying information and may overstate "fake news" issues out of self-interest, further exacerbating problems. Finding solutions is difficult as disinformation spreads faster than the truth.
This lecture discusses the evolution of football from the 1960s to the present day. It outlines how rule changes and innovations favored a more open, passing-focused game. Bill Walsh developed the West Coast offense for the Cincinnati Bengals in the 1960s-70s which featured short, precise passes. He then implemented this offense with the San Francisco 49ers in the 1980s, winning multiple Super Bowls. The quarterback position became more prominent and offenses increasingly revolved around the pass due to these philosophical and rules changes, transforming the sport into the form seen today.
This lecture discusses the evolution of football from the late 1960s to the 1970s, including the rise of celebrity quarterbacks like Joe Namath, the growth of televised football culminating with Monday Night Football, and the emergence of option offenses like the wishbone and veer that came to dominate college football. Innovations like artificial turf and domed stadiums supported these new offenses. Although the wishbone was eventually countered, it led to a running back-dominated era in college football. Professionally, the AFL-NFL merger was completed, and Paul Brown introduced innovations with the Cincinnati Bengals like the short-passing West Coast offense.
The document discusses the Overton Window, which refers to the range of ideas that the public is willing to consider. It notes that think tanks and social movements must work to shift the Overton Window to advance their policy goals. However, disinformation has also become a driver in shifting the Overton Window, as was seen with the stop-the-steal campaign which influenced electoral rules and led to many Republican candidates casting doubt on the 2020 election results. The rapid spread of ideas online through memes and internet culture has also contributed to a faster opening of the Overton Window.
This lecture discusses the evolution of college and pro football between the 1920s-1950s. A key moment was Alabama's 1926 Rose Bowl victory, which boosted the popularity of southern college football. The NFL saw increased integration of former college stars in the 1930s due to rule changes allowing passing anywhere behind the line of scrimmage. This opened up the game and led to the rise of star quarterbacks. By the late 1930s, the NFL had established stable teams in major cities and a college draft system to sort new players.
The World Health Organization termed the spread of COVID-19 misinformation an "infodemic" that led to unnecessary death and suffering. A vast amount of disinformation spread on social media and through bots, confusing people and undermining public health efforts. Disinformation promoted dangerous "cures" and conspiracy theories, and later targeted COVID-19 vaccines. Vulnerable groups like women, youth, and low-income individuals were specifically targeted. The spread of misinformation has been linked to lower vaccination rates and higher COVID-19 death rates among some groups.
The document discusses the relationship between conspiracy theories like QAnon and disinformation spread on social media. While social media helps spread disinformation, research shows people are only influenced if they are already prone to conspiratorial thinking. Some key points: social media provides a platform to spread ideas silently; mainstream coverage of conspiracies also fuels beliefs; and surveys show only 5-7% of Americans actually believe in QAnon theories despite their influence.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
2. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of the Inverted Pyramid
● Background
- The inverted pyramid is the most widely used structural news writing
style.
- Developed in the 19th century to meet the technological instability of
the telegraph, the inverted pyramid required reporters to stuff all the most
important information in the first paragraph, followed by more detail in the
second and subsequent paragraphs.
3. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of the Inverted Pyramid
● Background
- In that way, if the telegraph failed amid transmission, the most
important information would get through first.
4. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of the Inverted Pyramid
● Background
- The format stuck even as technology changed as it provided readers
with the most essential facts first and they could decide whether to read
deeper into the story.
- Wire services – Associated Press, United Press International and
Reuters, for example – adopted the style for news, sports and businesses.
- It remains the style that all journalists must master before moving on
to less conventional means of conveying information.
5. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of the Inverted Pyramid
● Structure
- The Inverted Pyramid is a convenient structure in which to port
information.
- It also works for journalists as a tool for thinking and organizing a
story.
- The structure compels reporters to order information according to its
importance.
-Because of that. It promotes concision.
6. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of News Gathering
● Structure
- The who/what/when/where/how and why questions that every story
must answer are addressed mostly in the first paragraph.
-That launches a specific rhythm of information conveyance that
includes but is not limited to:
- Additional detail
- Quotes
- Transitions
7. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of the Inverted Pyramid
● Structure
- And here’s what it looks like as we reflect the geometric basis of the
structure.
9. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of News Gathering
● Structure
- Information when ordered by importance gives journalists a signal
when to end the story, too.
-Even though there is a theoretical infinite length of stories, most
ordinary news written in the Inverted Pyramid structure tend to end
after 400 or 500 words.
- There may be more to write, but the reader won’t have the patience
for it.
10. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of News Gathering
● Structure
- How do we know that?
- By studying how people read.
- Just study the eye-tracking heat map example on the following
slides.
13. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of News Gathering
● Structure
- Here’s a heat map that reflects the same pattern but instead of a
story in a web page, it’s a Google search page.
15. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of News Gathering
● Structure
- So, the pattern of reading and searching for information is the same.
- The most important material is wedged into the top of the page,
whether it’s news or search.
- And we are wired to follow this pattern in a more profound way
because of the way text is consumed online.
16. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of News Gathering
● Structure
- That is not to say that we should only write 200 words.
- We should write in a way that compels the reader to go deeper into a
story.
- There are a host of other lede forms for stories that are more than
information conveyances.
17. COM 140- Storytelling
Structure of News Gathering
● Structure
- But for now, let’s master the Inverted Pyramid.
- Here are more examples.