The document outlines the procedures related to incidental proceedings under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, focusing on the implications of death, marriage, and insolvency of parties involved in a civil suit, as well as procedures for withdrawal, compromise, and commissioning the execution of actions. It specifies that the right to sue may survive despite a party's death, and describes the court's authority regarding legal representatives and commissions for various investigative purposes. The document serves as a guide for legal practitioners on managing suit-related proceedings and ensuring continuity despite changes in party status.

1. Dr.khakareVikas
Code of Civil Procedure 1908
incidental proceedings
Dr. Khakare Vikas
Asso. Prof.
Narayanrao Chavan Law College, Nanded, India

2. Dr.khakareVikas
incidental proceedings
• Incidental means, a happening as a result of something else or
unintended consequence of something. Incidental proceedings are
such proceedings which incidental or due to happening of something
and related to main proceeding.
1. Death of parties
2. Marriage
3. Insolvency
4. Withdrawal of suit
5. Compromise of suit
6. Commission

3. Dr.khakareVikas
Parties to suit
• In a civil suit there are two parties i.e. Plaintiff and Defendant.
• To institute a suit both parties must be alive.
• A suit cannot be instituted against a dead person.
• Such suit is non est and void.

4. Dr.khakareVikas
1. Death of parties[Order XXII]
• A party to suit may die after institution of suit.
• The death of a plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the suit to abate
if the right to sue survives.[ Order XXII Rule 1]
• If a party dies then it must be decided whether ‘right to sue’ survives
or not. It means after death of party whether cause of action or right
to seek relief continues or not. If it continues it is said that right to sue
survive.
• Actio personalis moritur cum persona, means personal right to action
dies with person. Therefore if plaintiff or defendant dies, right to sue
does not survive.
• But this is not applicable in all cases. It is applicable ex delicto i.e.
applicable to wrong or fault and not from contract.

5. Dr.khakareVikas
Procedure where one of several
plaintiffs or defendants dies and
right to sue survives
• Where there are more plaintiffs or defendants than one, and any of
them dies,
• and where the right to sue survives to the surviving plaintiff or
plaintiffs alone, or against the surviving defendant or defendants
alone,
• the Court shall cause an entry to the effect to be made on the record,
and
• the suit shall proceed at the instance of the surviving plaintiff or
plaintiffs, or against the surviving defendant or defendants.[ Order XXII Rule 2]

6. Dr.khakareVikas
---
• Where one of many plaintiffs dies and right to sue survives to
remaining plaintiff.
• Where one of many defendants dies and right to sue survives to
remaining defendant.
• then there is no need to substitute for deceased person.

7. Dr.khakareVikas
---
• If two persons having separate cause of action arising out of same
transaction joins together in a suit and if one of them dies, suit will
not abate.
• If any formal party dies, suit will not abate. In representative suit
death of a party will not abate suit.

8. Dr.khakareVikas
Procedure in case of death of one of
several plaintiffs or of sole
plaintiff
• Where one of two or more plaintiffs dies and
• the right to sue does not survive to the surviving plaintiff or plaintiffs
alone, or
• a sole plaintiff or sole surviving plaintiff dies and the right to the sue
survives,
• the Court, on an application made in that behalf, shall cause the legal
representative of the deceased plaintiff to be made a party and shall
proceed with the suit.
• Where within the time limited by law no application is made, the suit
shall abate so far as the deceased plaintiff is concerned.[ Order XXII Rule 3]

9. Dr.khakareVikas
Procedure in case of death of one of
several defendants or of sole
defendant
• Where one of two or more defendants dies and
• the right to sue does not survive against the surviving defendant or
defendants alone, or
• a sole defendant or sole surviving defendant dies and the right to sue
survives,
• the Court, on an application made in that behalf, shall cause the legal
representative of the deceased defendant to be made a party and
shall proceed with the suit.

10. Dr.khakareVikas
Procedure where there is no legal
representative
• the Court may, on the application of any party to the suit,
i. Proceed in the absence of a person representing the estate of the
deceased person, or
ii. May by order
a.appoint the Administrator-General, or
b.Appoint an officer of the Court or
c.Appoint such other person as it thinks fit
• to represent the estate of the deceased person for the purpose of the
suit;

11. Dr.khakareVikas
---
• any judgment or order subsequently given or made in the suit shall
bind the estate of the deceased person [ Order XXII Rule 4A]
• Notice of such application may be given to person interested in the
estate of deceased.

12. Dr.khakareVikas
2. Marriage [Order XXII]
• The marriage of a female plaintiff or defendant shall not cause the
suit to abate, but the suit may notwithstanding be proceeded with to
judgment, and where the decree is against a female defendant, it may
be executed against her alone.

13. Dr.khakareVikas
3. Insolvency [Order XXII]
• The insolvency of a plaintiff in any suit which the assignee or receiver
might maintain for the benefit of his creditors, shall not cause the suit
to abate, unless such assignee or receiver declines to continue the
suit or (unless for any special reason the Court otherwise directs) to
give security for the costs thereof within such time as the Court may
direct.

14. Dr.khakareVikas
4. Withdrawal of suit or Abandonment
of part of claim [Order XXIII]
• Plaintiff may at any time after institution may as against all or
any of the defendants abandon his suit or abandon a part of
his claim.
• Where the Court is satisfied:
• a.That a suit must fail by reason of some formal defect, or
• b.That there are sufficient grounds for allowing the plaintiff
to institute a fresh suit for the subject-matter of a suit or part
of a claim,

15. Dr.khakareVikas
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• it may, on such terms as it thinks fit, grant the plaintiff
permission to withdraw from such suit or such part of the
claim with liberty to institute a fresh suit in respect of the
subject- matter of such suit or such part of the claim. [ Order XXIII
Rule 1]
•If plaintiff abandons any suit or part of claim or
withdraw suit without permission of the Court, he
shall be precluded from instituting any fresh suit in
respect of such subject matter or part of claim.

16. Dr.khakareVikas
5. Compromise of suit [Order XXIII]
• Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that a suit has been
adjusted wholly or in part by any lawful agreement or compromise in
writing and signed by the parties or
• where the defendant satisfied the plaintiff in respect of the whole or
any part of the subject-matter of the suit,
• the Court shall order such agreement, compromise satisfaction to be
recorded, and shall pass a decree is accordance therewith so far as it
relates to the parties to the suit,

17. Dr.khakareVikas
6. Commission [sec. 75-78 Order XXVI]
• Subject to such conditions and limitations as may be prescribed, the
Court may issue a commission[ Section 75]
a. Commission to examine witness
b. Commission to make local investigation
c. Commission for scientific investigation
d. Commission for performance of a ministerial act
e. Commission for the sale of movable property
f. Commission to examine or adjust accounts
g. Commission to make partition of immovable property

18. Dr.khakareVikas
a. Commission to examine witness
• Any Court may in any suit issue a commission for the examination on
interrogatories or otherwise of any person resident within the local limits of
its jurisdiction who is exempted under this Code from attending the Court or
who is from sickness or infirmity unable to attend it.[ Order XXVI Rule 1]
• Commission may be issued where -
i. The issue in respect of which the evidence is required is one which the Court
ought to try;
ii. The witness to be examined would give evidence material to the issue;
iii. There are good reasons why the witness cannot be examined in the
Court.[ Filmistan (P) Ltd. Bombay s. Bhagwan Das, AIR 1971 SC 61]

19. Dr.khakareVikas
b. Commission to make local
investigation
• Court deems a local investigation to be requisite or proper for:
i. the purpose of elucidating any matter in dispute, or
ii. of ascertaining the market-value of any property, or
iii. the amount of any mesne profits or damages or annual net profits,
• the Court may issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit
directing him to make such investigation and to report thereon to the
Court.[ Order XXVI Rule 9]

20. Dr.khakareVikas
c. Commission for scientific
investigation
• Where any question arising in a suit involves any scientific
investigation which cannot, in the opinion of the Court, be
conveniently conducted before the Court, the Court may, if it thinks it
necessary or expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a
commission to such person as it thinks fit, directing him to inquire
into such question and report thereon to the Court. [ Order XXVI Rule 10A]

21. Dr.khakareVikas
d. Commission for performance of
a ministerial act
• Where any question arising in a suit involves the performance of any
ministerial act which cannot, in the opinion of the Court, be
conveniently performed before the Court, the Court may, if, for
reasons to be recorded, it is of opinion that it is necessary or
expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a commission to
such person as it thinks fit, directing him to perform that ministerial
act and report thereon to the Court.[ Order XXVI Rule 10B]

22. Dr.khakareVikas
e. Commission for the sale of
movable property
• Where in any suit, it becomes necessary to sell any movable property
which is in the custody of the Court pending the determination of the
suit and which cannot be conveniently preserved, the Court may, if,
for reasons to be recorded, it is of opinion that it is necessary or
expedient in the interests of justice so to do, issue a commission to
such person as it thinks fit, directing him to conduct such sale and
report thereon to the Court. [ Order XXVI Rule 10C]

23. Dr.khakareVikas
f. Commission to examine or
adjust accounts
• In any suit in which an examination or adjustment of the accounts is
necessary, the Court may issue a commission to such person as it
thinks fit directing him to make such examination or adjustment.[ Order
XXVI Rule 11]

24. Dr.khakareVikas
g. Commission to make partition
of immovable property
• Where a preliminary decree for partition has been passed, the Court
may, issue a commission to such person as it thinks fit to make the
partition or separation according to the rights as declared in such
decree.[ Order XXVI Rule 13]

25. Dr.khakareVikas
Powers of commission
a. Examine the parties themselves and any witness whom they or any
of them may produce, and any other person whom the
Commissioner thinks proper to call upon to give evidence in the
matter referred to him;
b. Call for and examine documents and other things relevant to the
subject of inquiry;
c. At any reasonable time enter upon or into any land or building
mentioned in the order.[ Order XXVI Rule 16]
• Commissioner shall be deemed to be a Civil Court.

26. Dr.khakareVikas
Thank you.