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1. Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA)

2. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
- is a digital multiplexing
technique that allows multiple
users to share the same
communication channel.

3. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
Key Features
1. Spread Spectrum: CDMA uses spread
spectrum technology, where the data
signal is spread across a wide frequency
band.

4. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
Key Features
2. Unique Codes: Each user is assigned a
unique code, called a pseudorandom noise
(PN) code, which is used to encode and
decode the data signal.

5. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
Key Features
3. Multiple Access: Multiple users can
share the same communication channel, as
their signals are encoded with unique
codes.

6. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
Key Features
4. Interference Reduction: CDMA systems
use techniques like interference
cancellation and power control to reduce
interference between users.

7. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
CDMA System Components
1. Mobile Station: The mobile device
that transmits and receives data.

8. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
CDMA System Components
2. Base Station: The fixed station that
communicates with the mobile station.

9. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
CDMA System Components
3. Channel Encoder: Encodes the
data signal with the unique PN code.

10. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
CDMA System Components
4. Channel Decoder: Decodes the
received signal using the unique PN
code.

11. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
CDMA Techniques
1. Direct Sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA): The
most common CDMA technique, where the
data signal is multiplied with the PN code.

12. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
CDMA Techniques
2. Frequency Hopping CDMA (FH-CDMA):
The data signal is transmitted on different
frequency channels, using a pseudorandom
sequence.

13. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Here's an overview of CDMA systems:
CDMA Techniques
3. Time Hopping CDMA (TH-CDMA):
The data signal is transmitted in time
slots, using a pseudorandom sequence.

14. Advantages
1. Increased Capacity: CDMA
systems can support more users than
traditional multiple access
techniques.

15. Advantages
2. Improved Security: CDMA
systems use unique codes, making it
difficult for unauthorized users to
access the system.

16. Advantages
3. Reduced Interference: CDMA
systems use techniques like
interference cancellation and power
control to reduce interference.

17. Disadvantages
1. Complexity: CDMA systems are
more complex than traditional
multiple access techniques.

18. Disadvantages
2. Power Consumption: CDMA
systems require more power than
traditional multiple access
techniques.

19. Disadvantages
3. Interference Limitations: CDMA
systems are limited by interference,
which can reduce system capacity.

20. Applications
1. Cellular Networks: CDMA is used in
cellular networks, such as 3G and 4G.
2. Wireless Local Area Networks
(WLANs): CDMA is used in WLANs, such
as Wi-Fi.

21. Applications
3. Satellite Communications: CDMA is used
in satellite communications, such as GPS.
4. Military Communications: CDMA is used
in military communications, due to its
security features.