1. Innate immunity is the first line of defense. It involves physical barriers and chemical/cellular defenses like surfactants and immune cells. 2. Surfactants reduce surface tension in the lungs and include proteins SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. These proteins help fight infections by binding to pathogens. 3. Immune cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells secrete chemicals and enzymes that kill microbes and attract other immune cells through cytokines. Pattern recognition receptors on these cells identify pathogens.

1. – YD M
M
1. (innate immunity)
.
2.
3.
I
(
.v.v.)
(innate immunity) v
tive immunity).
II M
– lông
chuy – surfactant; (2)

2. (
; (3)
, , men
A – – surfactant:
1
: L – , c
protein,
mucin –  glycoside.
: T

3. :
ly tâm.
:
,
q

4. anticholinergic
trong
.
2
:
:
:
do nguyên nhân
nguyên nhân

5. ,
)
c guafenensin
;
-oligosaccharide
cystein, Carbocystein, Methylcystein); (3) C
2 .
3 Surfactant:
o surfactant:
- -
- -C).
SP-
- -D),
P-A b
1 P-D t
Surfactant protein A - D -D).

6. b ,
–
:
Surfactant t
- -
urfactant
-A -D .
SP-A, SP-D :
herpes si
-
H.influenza, Klebsiella,
-
-
-
-
- -

7. Pneumocystis carinii
SP-A, SP-D
viêm
- -
SP-B P-C do SP-C
- -
cho trên
B
1
.
2

8. i xâm nh
TNF, INF
3
i th o

9. .
.
trong ARDS, ,
silicosis, asbestosis, gây
lipid
.
Ch

10. PAMPs: pathogen associated molecular patterns)
, sau khi
C
C
1 –
t (PRRs) ,
Collectins
- -D)
cytokines gây viêm,
Qu
.

11. 2
PRRs -like (TLR) phân
;
.
PRRs trong NOD (nucleotide binding and oligomerization
domain like receptor) RIG (Retinoic Acid-
Inducibe Gene 1-like receptors)
D
1
.
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) c
Lactoferrin
5

12. 2 :
Serine Proteases , Cathepsin G, Proteinase 3.
Metalloproteases (MMPs) MMP-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -12, -13, -14, ADAMs, MT-
MMPs
Lysosomal Cathepsins Cathepsin B, H, K, L, S, V
serine protease
3 C
 1 antitrypsin Neutrophil elastase, Cathepsin G,
Proteinase 3; (2) SLPI ;
(3) Elafin Cathepsin G.
(TIMPs) TIMPs – 1, 2, 3.
Cystatin.
III M tive immunity):

13. sau
(
toan, ) .
A
1
.
CD4+ lympho T CD8+
T

14. n chia,
chia
: (1) Th1 ,
Lymphotoxin, TNF 
T CD4+ - - -
th Th17 - -
-
,
2 :
T
3
B
C ch
o

15. 1
)
g
IgM
ng
4+
c cytokines.
.

16. –
–
.
2
T CD8+
virus
(virus ; ;
 
t
–
theo c
IV

17. – – surfactant
-
-
tham gia m
) o tiêu
(2)
.
–
–
1. Sleigh MA, Blake JR, Liron N: The propulsion of mucus by cilia. Am Rev Respir Dis
137:726, 1988.
2. Murray & Nadel. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Edition 2, Vol 1, WB Saunders, 1994,
323–344.
3. Murray & Nadel. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Edition 5, Vol 1, WB Saunders, 2010,
200 – 313.