Cisco 1-2.ppt
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The document discusses the seven layers of the OSI model from layer 1 to layer 7. Each layer is described in 1-2 sentences. Layer 1 is the physical layer dealing with signals and media. Layer 2 is the data link layer concerned with frames and media access control. Layer 3 is the network layer providing path selection, routing, and addressing. Layer 4 is the transport layer segmenting and reassembling data. Layer 5 is the session layer managing sessions and data exchange. Layer 6 is the presentation layer ensuring data is readable between systems. Layer 7 is the application layer closest to the user, providing network services to applications.
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OSI MODEL - A PROJECT
The document summarizes the seven layers of the OSI model:
1. The physical layer defines electrical specifications for activating and maintaining physical links.
2. The data link layer provides reliable transmission of data frames across physical links and defines media access control.
3. The network layer provides path selection and logical addressing between hosts across networks.
4. The transport layer segments data streams and handles flow control and reliability between hosts.
5. The session layer establishes and manages dialogues between presentation layers of two hosts.
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1. The physical layer defines electrical specifications for activating and maintaining physical links.
2. The data link layer provides reliable transmission of data frames across physical links and defines media access control.
3. The network layer provides path selection and logical addressing between hosts across networks.
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The Open System Interconnect (OSI) is a very important concept in networking when considering the creation of a a networking system for the university. “It was created by the international organization of standards 1978 and its main purpose is to help describe the architecture of a network so as make it possible for computers to send and receive data from other computers”. Although the model is conceptual, appreciating its purpose and function will help the university in understanding how the protocol suits and network architecture work on an application basis. The OSI model is usually built from bottom to top in this order; physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and lastly application. Every layer of the OSI model has its own special function. The following sections describe the function of each layer.
The layers of the OSI model
Physical Layer (Layer 1)
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Topology
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Data link Layer (Layer 2)
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· Access control (MAC) - MAC address is the physical/hardware address burnt into each network interface card (NIC). It accesses specific areas that are found within the interior of buildings. Provides access that is faster to the people authorized and restricts access of people not authorized.
· Link control (LLC) – “this controls the error and flows control mechanism of the data link layer [2].” It plays the role of managing the transmissions of data to ensure that there is integrity. For NLC, it has a role of providing data link layers.
· Network Layer (Layer 3).
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This document provides an overview of the seven layers of the OSI model:
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3) Network layer - provides routing and addressing of packets between nodes.
4) Transport layer - provides reliable data transfer between hosts and handles errors.
5) Session layer - manages connections between applications and establishes dialogues.
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The document describes the OSI model, which is a standard networking framework that defines 7 layers of communication. The physical layer deals with physical communication and data transmission over a medium. The data link layer handles frame creation and error checking. The network layer implements routing and logical addressing. The transport layer provides reliable data delivery and flow control between applications. The session layer manages dialogues and connections between devices. The presentation layer defines data formats. The application layer supports application software and programs. Overall, the OSI model provides a layered approach to network communication and data transfer.
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Note 6
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that characterizes networking functions into seven abstraction layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The physical layer deals with transmitting raw data bits across a network. The data link layer packages data into frames and corrects errors. The network layer routes frames to their destinations using logical addresses. The transport layer manages reliable delivery and error checking of data packets using protocols like TCP. The session layer controls conversations between systems by setting up and managing connections. The presentation layer formats data for applications. The application layer interacts directly with software applications and identifies communication partners.
Lalit bhati ppt osi
The document discusses the OSI model, which divides networking into 7 layers (physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application) and standardizes network communication. It established the need for standards to ensure interoperability between different network implementations and describes the basic functions of each OSI layer and how data is encapsulated as it moves down the layers of the model.
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1) The physical layer defines physical connections and transmission of raw bit streams.
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4) The transport layer provides end-to-end communication services between applications.
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Date: 06/25/2020
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The Open System Interconnect (OSI) is a very important concept in networking when considering the creation of a a networking system for the university. “It was created by the international organization of standards 1978 and its main purpose is to help describe the architecture of a network so as make it possible for computers to send and receive data from other computers”. Although the model is conceptual, appreciating its purpose and function will help the university in understanding how the protocol suits and network architecture work on an application basis. The OSI model is usually built from bottom to top in this order; physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and lastly application. Every layer of the OSI model has its own special function. The following sections describe the function of each layer.
The layers of the OSI model
Physical Layer (Layer 1)
The OSI model layer identifies the networks’ physical characteristics and specifications. This is the type of media used on the network for example type of connector, cables, and pinout format cables.
Topology
The topography is defined by the physical layer. This layer shows the type of topology to be applied in the network. Additional characteristics in this layer define voltage used on a given frequency and medium at which the signals that carrying the data operates. They dictate speed and bandwidth of a given medium and the maximum distance over which a specific media type can be applied
Data link Layer (Layer 2)
The layer is a designed protocol that operates in a program involved in data movement into and out of a physical link in a network. Layer 2 of the OSI model is responsible for receiving data for layer 1. It is then sent to layer 3 and the data from layer 3 is sent to layer 1. This layer also detects and corrects errors. The word ‘frame’ is usually used to refer to the logical data grouping at this layer. It has two distinctive sub-layers:
· Access control (MAC) - MAC address is the physical/hardware address burnt into each network interface card (NIC). It accesses specific areas that are found within the interior of buildings. Provides access that is faster to the people authorized and restricts access of people not authorized.
· Link control (LLC) – “this controls the error and flows control mechanism of the data link layer [2].” It plays the role of managing the transmissions of data to ensure that there is integrity. For NLC, it has a role of providing data link layers.
· Network Layer (Layer 3).
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THE OSI MODEL
The document discusses the OSI model, which describes how information moves between software applications on different computers. The OSI model consists of 7 layers, with each layer responsible for a specific networking function. The physical layer transmits individual bits between nodes, while higher layers include the data link layer for error-free data transfer, the network layer for routing, and the application layer which provides network services to end users. Key protocols are assigned to each layer, with examples including Ethernet, IP, and HTTP. The OSI model divides networking tasks into smaller parts handled by individual layers.
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The document discusses the OSI model, which defines a standard framework for network communication. It breaks communication into 7 layers, with each layer providing specific services to the layers above and below. The layers are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The model provides abstraction and modularity to simplify network protocol design and ensure interoperability between different network equipment and technologies.
Packet analyzing with wireshark-basic of packet analyzing - Episode_03
This document provides an overview of the seven layers of the OSI model:
1) Physical layer - deals with physical aspects of transmitting data such as cables and signals.
2) Data link layer - handles framing and error checking of packets and MAC/LLC sublayers.
3) Network layer - provides routing and addressing of packets between nodes.
4) Transport layer - provides reliable data transfer between hosts and handles errors.
5) Session layer - manages connections between applications and establishes dialogues.
6) Presentation layer - formats and encrypts data for transmission across networks.
7) Application layer - supports application-specific processes and identifies communication partners.
OSI Networking
The document describes the seven layers of the OSI model. It explains each layer from the physical layer at the bottom to the application layer at the top. The physical layer deals with electrical signals and hardware transmission. The data link layer handles encoding and decoding data into bits. The network layer provides routing and addressing. The transport layer ensures reliable data transfer. The session layer organizes data exchange. The presentation layer resolves syntax differences. And the application layer provides user services like file transfer.
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The document discusses the OSI model, which is a standard networking framework that defines 7 layers of abstraction to establish communication between devices. The 7 layers are physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. Each layer provides services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it. Data moves down the layers as it is encapsulated with protocol information and back up as headers are stripped at the receiving end. The model separates networking functions and standardizes how systems communicate over a network.
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The document describes the OSI model, which is a standard networking framework that defines 7 layers of communication. The physical layer deals with physical communication and data transmission over a medium. The data link layer handles frame creation and error checking. The network layer implements routing and logical addressing. The transport layer provides reliable data delivery and flow control between applications. The session layer manages dialogues and connections between devices. The presentation layer defines data formats. The application layer supports application software and programs. Overall, the OSI model provides a layered approach to network communication and data transfer.
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The document summarizes the seven layers of the OSI reference model:
1. The physical layer defines electrical and physical specifications for transmitting data across a medium.
2. The data link layer provides access to the network media and uses MAC addresses to reliably transmit data across a physical link.
3. The network layer defines logical addressing, routing, and packet fragmentation to enable end-to-end delivery of packets across networks.
Note 6
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that characterizes networking functions into seven abstraction layers: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The physical layer deals with transmitting raw data bits across a network. The data link layer packages data into frames and corrects errors. The network layer routes frames to their destinations using logical addresses. The transport layer manages reliable delivery and error checking of data packets using protocols like TCP. The session layer controls conversations between systems by setting up and managing connections. The presentation layer formats data for applications. The application layer interacts directly with software applications and identifies communication partners.
Lalit bhati ppt osi
The document discusses the OSI model, which divides networking into 7 layers (physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application) and standardizes network communication. It established the need for standards to ensure interoperability between different network implementations and describes the basic functions of each OSI layer and how data is encapsulated as it moves down the layers of the model.
Osi model assignment help globalwebtutors
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Network essentials chapter 3
A network connects devices that exchange data over media. A host has a logical network address and can be devices like workstations, servers, printers. Protocols are agreed upon rules for network functions. The network topology refers to the physical layout, such as bus, star, or ring. Networks are LANs for small areas or WANs connecting multiple LANs over wide areas. Devices include routers, switches, bridges, firewalls, and more.
The osi model
The document discusses the seven layers of the OSI model:
1) The physical layer defines physical connections and transmission of raw bit streams.
2) The data link layer provides addressing and error checking for physical transmission between nodes.
3) The network layer establishes logical addressing for routing packets across multiple networks.
4) The transport layer provides end-to-end communication services between applications.
5) The session layer manages communication sessions, including synchronization and maintenance of sessions.
6) The presentation layer handles formatting and encryption of data for applications.
7) The application layer provides interfaces for end users and applications, such as web browsing and email.
Network essentials chapter 4
The document provides an overview of networking concepts including:
1) A network consists of devices that exchange data over media, with hosts having logical addresses. Common host types include workstations, servers, and routers.
2) Protocols establish rules for network functions, while bandwidth refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted in a given time period.
3) Network topologies determine how devices are physically connected, with common types being bus, star, and ring configurations.
4) Networks are generally local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs) connecting multiple LANs across a wide geographic region.
Similar to Cisco 1-2.ppt (20)
Running Head THE SEVEN LAYER MODEL OF OSIKao 1THE SEVEN LAYE.docx
Running Head THE SEVEN LAYER MODEL OF OSIKao 1THE SEVEN LAYE.docx
Packet analyzing with wireshark-basic of packet analyzing - Episode_03
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7 Layers OSI model description with 3 unofficial Layers.
7 Layers OSI model description with 3 unofficial Layers.
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
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◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
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6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
-办理真实使馆公证（即留学回国人员证明）
-办理各国各大学文凭（世界名校一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度）
-全套服务：毕业证成绩单真实使馆公证真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足！
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Meet up Milano 14 _ Axpo Italia_ Migration from Mule3 (On-prem) to.pdf
Quattordicesimo Meetup di Milano, tenutosi a Milano il 23 Maggio 2024 dalle ore 17:00 alle ore 18:30 in presenza e da remoto.
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办理毕业证(NYU毕业证)纽约大学毕业证成绩单官方原版办理
退学买【纽约大学毕业证认证】【办证微信176555708】【纽约大学文凭毕业证制作】【NYU学历学位证书哪里买】办理纽约大学学位证书扫描件、办理纽约大学雅思证书！
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：176555708】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：176555708
办理新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证学位证书范本原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
不能毕业如何获得(USYD毕业证)悉尼大学毕业证成绩单一比一原版制作
挂科购买☀【悉尼大学毕业证购买】【微信176555708】【USYD毕业证模板办理】加拿大文凭、本科、硕士、研究生学历都可以做,二、业务范围：
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【主营项目】
一.毕业证、成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
国外毕业证、学位证、成绩单办理流程：
1、客户提供办理信息：姓名、生日、专业、学位、毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：【微信176555708】我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2、开始安排制作毕业证、成绩单电子图；
3、毕业证、成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4、毕业证、成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5、成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6、快递给客户（国内顺丰，国外DHL、UPS等快读邮寄）。
专业服务，请勿犹豫联系我！本公司是留学创业和海归创业者们的桥梁。一次办理，终生受用，一步到位，高效服务。详情请在线咨询办理,欢迎有诚意办理的客户咨询!洽谈。
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没文凭怎么找工作。让您回国发展信心十足！
★、真实教育部学历学位认证；（一对一专业服务，可全程监控跟踪进度）
★、真实使馆认证，可以通过大使馆查询确认；（即教育部留服认证，不成功不收费）
★、毕业证、成绩单等材料，从防伪到印刷、水印到钢印烫金，高精仿度都是跟学校原版100%相同的；（敬请放心使用）
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★、印刷，DHL快递毕业证、成绩单7个工作日，真实大使馆教育部认证1个月。为了达到高水准高效率。
Search Result Showing My Post is Now Buried
Search results burying my post that used to rank before Google's March 2024 algorithm update.
成绩单ps(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证成绩单快速办理
一比一原版制作UST毕业证【微信176555708】圣托马斯大学毕业证书原版↑制作圣托马斯大学学历认证文凭办理圣托马斯大学留信网认证,留学回国办理毕业证成绩单文凭学历认证【微信176555708】专业为海外学子办理毕业证成绩单、文凭制作，学历仿制，回国人员证明、做文凭，研究生、本科、硕士学历认证、留信认证、结业证、学位证书样本、美国教育部认证百分百真实存档可查】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：176555708】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：176555708】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：176555708
Should Repositories Participate in the Fediverse?
Presentation for OR2024 making the case that repositories could play a part in the "fediverse" of distributed social applications
存档可查的(USC毕业证)南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单制做办理
精仿办理南加利福尼亚大学毕业证成绩单（【微信176555708】）毕业证学历认证OFFER专卖国外文凭学历学位证书办理澳洲文凭|澳洲毕业证,澳洲学历认证,澳洲成绩单【微信176555708】 澳洲offer,教育部学历认证及使馆认证永久可查 ,国外毕业证|国外学历认证,国外学历文凭证书 USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证，USC毕业证【微信176555708】，USC毕业证，专业为留学生办理毕业证、成绩单、使馆留学回国人员证明、教育部学历学位认证、录取通知书、Offer、（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
◆◆◆◆◆ — — — — — — — — 【留学教育】留学归国服务中心 — — — — — -◆◆◆◆◆
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微信：176555708】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微信：176555708】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
学历顾问：微信：176555708
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Cisco 1-2.ppt
- 1. OSI Model Cisco Academy Semester 1, Chapter 2
- 2. The Seven Layers of the OSI Model International Organization of Standardization ISO
- 3. Layer7 The application layer is the OSI layer that is closest to the user; it provides network services to the user’s applications. It differs from the other layers in that it does not provide services to any other OSI layer, but rather, only to applications outside the OSI model. Examples of such applications are spreadsheet programs, word processing programs, and bank terminal programs. If you want to remember Layer 7 in as few words as possible, think of browsers.
- 4. Layer 6 The presentation layer ensures that the information that the application layer of one system sends out is readable by the application layer of another system. If necessary, the presentation layer translates between multiple data formats by using a common format. If you want to think of Layer 6 in as few words as possible, think of a common data format
- 5. Layer 5 As its name implies, the session layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between two communicating hosts. The session layer provides its services to the presentation layer. It also synchronizes dialogue between the two hosts' presentation layers and manages their data exchange. If you want to remember Layer 5 in as few words as possible, think of dialogues and conversations.
- 6. Layer 4 The transport layer segments data from the sending host's system and reassembles the data into a data stream on the receiving host's system. Layer 4 is the boundary between media-layer protocols and host-layer protocols. Layer 4 also deals with Flow Control (Windowing), and Reliability of Communication (Acknowledgement).
- 7. Layer 3 The network layer is a complex layer that provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks. If you want to remember Layer 3 in as few words as possible, think of path selection, routing, and addressing.
- 8. Layer 2 The data link layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical link. In so doing, the data link layer is concerned with physical (as opposed to logical) addressing, network topology, network access, error notification, ordered delivery of frames. If you want to remember Layer 2 in as few words as possible, think of frames and media access control.
- 9. Layer 1 The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems. Such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, physical connectors, and other, similar, attributes are defined by physical layer specifications. If you want to remember Layer 1 in as few words as possible, think of signals and media.
- 10. Encapsulation
- 11. Summary of the OSI Model Layer Description
- 12. 5 Conversion Steps to Encapsulate Data
- 13. TCP/IP Model The OSI Model
- 14. TCP/IP Protocols
- 15. OSI Comparison With TCP/IP Protocol Stack
- 16. Focus of the CCNA Curriculum
- 17. OSI Model CCNA Exam Questions
- 18. Question 1
- 19. Question 2
- 20. Question 3
- 21. Question 4
- 22. Question 5
- 23. Question 6
- 24. Question 7
- 25. Question 8
- 26. Question 9
- 27. Question 10
- 28. Question 12
- 29. Question 13
- 30. Question 14
- 31. Question 15
- 32. Question 16
- 33. Question 17
- 34. Question 18
- 35. Question 19
- 36. Question 20
- 37. Question 21
- 38. Question 22
- 39. Question 23
- 40. Question 24
- 41. Question 25
- 42. Question 26
- 43. Question 27
- 44. Question 28
- 45. Question 29
- 46. Question 30
- 47. Question 31
- 48. Question 32
- 49. Question 33
- 50. Question 34
- 51. Question 35
- 52. Chapter 2 Labs Lab 2.2.5 – OSI Model Layers. Lab 2.3.4 – OSI Model and TCP/IP