V8 is Google's open source JavaScript and WebAssembly engine that is used in Chrome and other browsers. It compiles JavaScript code to machine code for fast execution. V8 consists of components like the Ignition interpreter and TurboFan optimizing compiler. It supports modern web standards and has diverse applications in web and mobile development due to its high performance, memory optimization techniques, and cross-platform compatibility. Upcoming updates aim to further improve V8's performance, compliance with evolving standards, and security.

1. Chrome v8 web
assembly engine
Presentation by Abin E Sajeev
Class:S6 Computer science
Register no:210021028032

2. What is v8?
● V8 is Google’s open source high-performance JavaScript and WebAssembly engine
● It implements ECMAScript and WebAssembly, and runs on Windows 7 or later, macOS 10.12+, and
Linux systems that use x64, IA-32, ARM, or MIPS processors.

3. ● V8 is a free developed by the Chromium Project for Chromium and Google Chrome web
browsers.
● The project’s creator is Lars Bak. The first version of the V8 engine was released at the
same time as the first version of Chrome: 2 September 2008. It has also been used on the
server side

4. V8 can run standalone, or can be embedded into
any C++ application
V8 is written in C++ and is used in Google
Chrome

5. Function of v8
● V8 compiles and executes JavaScript source code, handles memory allocation for objects, and garbage
collects objects it no longer needs. V8’s stop-the-world, generational, accurate garbage collector is one
of the keys to V8’s performance.
● V8 enables any C++ application to expose its own objects and functions to JavaScript code. It’s up to
you to decide on the objects and functions you would like to expose to JavaScript.

6. Working of v8
● V8 translates JavaScript code directly into machine code so that computers can actually understand it,
then it executes the translated, or compiled, code. V8 optimizes JavaScript execution as well.

7. From a high-level view, the V8
JavaScript engine execution
consists of 5 steps.
• Initialize environment in the
host
• Compile JavaScript codes
• Generate bytecodes
• Interpret and execute
bytecodes
• Optimize some bytecodes for
better performance

8. Components of v8
● The V8 engine gets its speed from the Just in Time (JIT) compilation of JS code to native machine code.
● The ignition interpreter, a key component of V8, compiles the JS code and generates non-optimized
machine code. On runtime, the machine code is analyzed and re-compiled for optimal performance.
● This optimization is handled by the TurboFan and Crankshaft components of V8.

9. Ignition:
Ignition is V8’s interpreter, responsible for quickly parsing and executing JavaScript code. It utilizes
bytecode rather than directly interpreting the source code, which helps in speeding up the initial execution.
It generates bytecode from the Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) produced by the Parser. This bytecode is
executed more efficiently than the original source code.
Ignition also collects profiling information about the code’s behavior during the initial execution phase,
providing valuable data to optimize critical parts of the code later.

10. TurboFan:
TurboFan is V8’s optimizing compiler, which takes advantage of the profiling information gathered by
Ignition.
It optimizes the bytecode generated by Ignition by analyzing the profiling data. TurboFan aims to generate
highly optimized machine code tailored to the specific execution profile of the JavaScript.
TurboFan optimizes critical paths in the code, applying sophisticated optimization techniques to further
enhance performance.
This component focuses on producing optimized machine code for performance-critical sections of the
JavaScript program, thereby improving overall execution speed.

11. Alongside the above-mentioned components, V8 engine has a few other important
components, namely Liftoff and Orinoco.
• Liftoff is responsible for machine code generation and performs its tasks in a highly optimized
fashion. It’s a simpler code generator that generates code for each opcode and performs ten
times better than TurboFan.
• Orinoco is responsible for garbage collection. Its job is to look for disconnected memory
allocations and perform evacuation and compaction to free up space for more objects. Orinoco
also updates pointers to new memory locations and marks the living objects in black to speed
up the iterative marking process.

12. V8 optimizes code execution
• V8 had two main execution tiers: Ignition, the interpreter; and TurboFan, V8’s optimizing
compiler focused on peak performance.
• All JavaScript code is first compiled to ignition bytecode, and executed by interpreting it.
• During execution V8 tracks how the program behaves, including tracking object shapes and
types.
• Both the runtime execution metadata and bytecode are fed into the optimizing compiler to
generate high-performance, often speculative, machine code that runs significantly faster
than the interpreter can.

13. What
is
Node.js?
Node.js is a runtime environment for executing JavaScript code, and
it is built on the Chrome V8 engine. It is asynchronous, which means
that it does not have to wait for one process to complete before
starting another one. Like V8, Node.js is free and open-source

14. Compatibility and Standards
● Chrome V8 continually integrates and supports these standards, enabling web developers to create
websites and web applications that leverage the latest HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other web
technologies. By complying with these standards, V8 ensures that web content is rendered accurately,
functions smoothly, and remains compatible across various browsers and devices, promoting a
consistent and reliable user experience on the web.

15. ● Chrome V8, being cross-platform compatible, can run on various operating systems such as Windows,
macOS, Linux, etc., providing a consistent experience across these platforms.
● Contributions to open-source initiatives signify the active participation and support that Chrome V8
provides to open-source projects. This includes contributing code, sharing developments, and
collaborating with the broader developer community to enhance the engine’s capabilities and ensure it
aligns with open standards.
Cross-platform compatibility and contributions to
open-source initiatives

16. Chrome V8 has diverse real-world applications
and use cases:
● Web Development: V8 powers the JavaScript execution within the Chrome browser, enabling the
interactive and dynamic features of modern websites. Developers leverage V8’s speed and efficiency to
create responsive and innovative web applications.
● Desktop Applications: V8 has been utilized in frameworks like Electron, enabling the development of
cross-platform desktop applications using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
● Mobile Applications: Through frameworks like NativeScript and React Native, V8 supports the
development of mobile apps using web technologies, ensuring consistent performance and functionality
across different mobile platforms.

17. ● Game Development: Game engines and frameworks such as Phaser or Three.js use V8 to power the
scripting and interaction aspects of browser-based games, offering immersive experiences directly in
web browsers.
● Embedded Systems: V8's efficient and lightweight nature has found applications in IoT (Internet of
Things) devices and embedded systems, where resource efficiency and high-performance scripting are
essential.

18. ● High Performance: V8 is known for its high-performance JavaScript execution, utilizing innovative
optimization techniques like JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation to significantly speed up code execution.
Optimized Memory Usage: V8 employs memory optimizations such as garbage collection techniques to
efficiently manage memory, reducing memory leaks and enhancing overall performance.
Better Loading Times: Its ability to compile and execute JavaScript code swiftly results in faster loading
times for web applications and websites, improving user experience.
Performance improvements and benefits

19. Upcoming updates and enhancements
● Performance Improvements: Continuous efforts to optimize V8’s performance by enhancing its compiler
and runtime have been ongoing. These improvements aim to make JavaScript execution faster and
more efficient, resulting in quicker load times and improved application responsiveness.
Memory Management Enhancements: V8 developers have been working on refining memory
management techniques to reduce memory overhead and enhance the engine’s efficiency, minimizing
memory leaks and improving overall stability.

20. ● WebAssembly Support: V8 continues to focus on optimizing the execution of WebAssembly, a binary
instruction format that enables high-performance execution on the web. Updates might include
improvements in WebAssembly execution speed and features supported by the engine.
ECMAScript Standards Compliance: V8 consistently aims to align with the latest ECMAScript standards.
Recent and upcoming updates might include support for new language features and enhancements to
ensure compatibility with the evolving JavaScript language specifications.
Security Updates: Regular updates also involve security enhancements to address vulnerabilities and
strengthen the engine against potential threats, ensuring a more secure browsing and development
environment.

21. Chrome V8 holds significant importance and
exerts a considerable impact on the web
ecosystem
● Performance and Speed: Its high-performance JavaScript execution significantly improves the speed
and responsiveness of web applications. This leads to faster loading times and smoother user
experiences, crucial in retaining user engagement.
● Web Standards and Innovation: V8’s support for modern web standards enables developers to leverage
the latest features and capabilities, fostering innovation in web development. This support drives the
evolution of the web by encouraging the adoption of new technologies

22. ● Foundation for Frameworks and Tools: V8 serves as the foundation for various frameworks and tools
used in web development, such as Electron for building cross-platform desktop applications, contributing
to their efficiency and performance.
Performance-driven Web Applications: Its efficient execution enables the creation of sophisticated web
applications, games, and services that rely on real-time processing and interactivity, enriching the web
experience for users.

23. THANK YOU