PETER BAILEY VASQUEZ - CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS LANDSCAPESpeterbaileyvasquez
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission. This publication reflects
the views only of the author, and the Commission
cannot be held responsible for any use which may
be made of the information contained therein
PETER BAILEY VASQUEZ - CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS LANDSCAPESpeterbaileyvasquez
This project has been funded with support from the
European Commission. This publication reflects
the views only of the author, and the Commission
cannot be held responsible for any use which may
be made of the information contained therein
Polish customs, especially at Christmas time, are both beautiful and meaningful.
The preparations for Christmas begin many days before the actual celebration. Nearly everywhere women are cleaning windows in apartments and houses just before Christmas. The insides of the houses are also cleaned thoroughly. It is believed that if a house is dirty on Christmas Eve, it will remain dirty all next year.
The Breaking of the Oplatek
One of the most beautiful and most revered Polish customs is the breaking of the oplatek. The use of the Christmas wafer (oplatek) is not only by native Poles in Poland but also by people of Polish ancestry all over the world.
The oplatek is a thin wafer made of flour and water. For table use, it is white. In Poland, colored wafers are used to make Christmas tree decorations. In the past, the wafers were baked by organists or by religious and were distributed from house to house in the parish during Advent. Today, they are produced commercially and are sold in religious stores and houses. Sometimes an oplatek is sent in a greeting card to loved ones away from home.
Polish customs, especially at Christmas time, are both beautiful and meaningful.
The preparations for Christmas begin many days before the actual celebration. Nearly everywhere women are cleaning windows in apartments and houses just before Christmas. The insides of the houses are also cleaned thoroughly. It is believed that if a house is dirty on Christmas Eve, it will remain dirty all next year.
The Breaking of the Oplatek
One of the most beautiful and most revered Polish customs is the breaking of the oplatek. The use of the Christmas wafer (oplatek) is not only by native Poles in Poland but also by people of Polish ancestry all over the world.
The oplatek is a thin wafer made of flour and water. For table use, it is white. In Poland, colored wafers are used to make Christmas tree decorations. In the past, the wafers were baked by organists or by religious and were distributed from house to house in the parish during Advent. Today, they are produced commercially and are sold in religious stores and houses. Sometimes an oplatek is sent in a greeting card to loved ones away from home.
All that you need to know about the festival Christmas
Christmas History-
Christmas is one of the most popular festivals around the world.
The approaching winter season indicates us that Christmas is around and we usually associate the winter with the Christmas celebration and with 25th December as the birth of Lord Christ
However the history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years and it tells us that celebration during the winter season were common, even way before the Christ was born.
It has been celebrated at different places for different reasons and date of the celebration was fixed to be 25th December quite later.
Christmas Eve-
The day is preceded by Christmas Eve, which falls on December 24, and followed by eleven days of the festival, ending on January 6.
On Christmas Eve, houses are cleaned from top to bottom and are decorated beautifully with lights and other lovely festoons
Planning dinners on Christmas Eve is a tradition that follows since a long time. Usually, a typical Christmas Eve is celebrated by organizing a family dinner or an elaborate meal
The main attraction and highlight of Christmas Eve is the arrival of the famous and everyone's favorite - the legendary character Santa Claus
The idea is to have fun and spread good cheer, on Christmas Eve.
Christmas Trivia
Holy represents the crown worn by Lord Jesus Christ, when he was crucified and the red color of the berries represents his blood.
Christmas is the season, when the world witnesses the maximum sale of diamonds.
Every year, during the Christmas season, more than a billion cards are sold in UK.
Rudolph, the legendary reindeer of Santa Claus, was a creation of Montgomery Ward. He created it for the purpose of a holiday promotion, in the late 1930s.
The world's tallest Christmas tree was erected in America, in 1950. The tree was as high as 76 m.
Candy canes, one of the popular sweet treats used for Christmas, originally were straight white sticks of sugar candy. They were used as an embellishment for Christmas tree. The ends of the candy were bent by Cologne Cathedral, to symbolize shepherd's crook
The word 'Christmas is an old English word and is a contracted version of 'Christ's Mass'.
The tradition of ringing church bells on Christmas morning dates back to the medieval times. The ringing bells symbolize the birth of Jesus Christ.
The tradition of gift-giving during Christmas has originated from the legendary characters of the Three Wise Men, who brought presents to Jesus, when he was born.
Many people believe that the legendary character Santa Claus is based on a real person named St. Nicholas. It is also believed that St. Nicholas brings in Christmas gifts, on the Eve of the festival.
Colours of Christmas
Main colors of Christmas are red and green. They are generally used with white, sparkling silver and gold to compliment them.
Rudolph has a bright red nose and is the favorite reindeer of all children.
Are you ready to sleigh the holiday fashion game this year? Introducing the Reindeer Ugly Christmas Cardigan - your ticket to festive and fashionable celebrations.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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2. Christmas is the remembrance of the birth of
Jesus Christ and a widely observed holiday,
celebrated on December 25th by billions of
people around the world.
3. ● Nativity of Jesus-
A nativity scene, also known as creche, is an indispensablè segment of
Christmas decorations
8. People celebrate Christmas Day in many ways. It is often
combined with customs from pre-Christian winter celebrations.
Many people decorate their homes, visit family or friends and
exchange gifts
9. The tradition of gift exchange makes each
Christmas celebration more beautiful and
memorable
10. .
The Christmas cake is an
English tradition that began as
plum porridge. People ate the
porridge on Christmas Eve