The document analyzes the Smurfs through a Marxist-Leninist lens, drawing parallels between the Smurf village and communist societies. It notes that the Smurfs have no private property, currency, or social classes. Papa Smurf acts as the central authority, similar to Stalin, distributing resources based on needs. Brainy Smurf mirrors Trotsky in his intellectual role and attempted overthrow. Smurfette and Gargamel represent threats from capitalism tempting the Smurfs with greed and selfishness. The creator Peyo supported working class heroes in class-based societies.
Minnesota Timberwolves Marketing Power Pointt_player23
A power point created to show how we will marketing, promote and sell tickets for the Minnesota Timberwolves vs. Milwaukee Bucks pre-season basketball game.
The document discusses the art of trolling and defines it as "fuzzing someone else's mind with the express purpose of laughing so hard you squirt 30 year old single malt through your nose." It provides various definitions of trolling from dictionaries and references ancient gods and figures as "prolific ante-internet trolls." The document also discusses using behavior modification techniques for trolling and developing technology like bots to enhance trolling abilities.
How To Steal A Nuclear Warhead, Without Voiding Your XBox WarrantyEric Michaud
We will present the common elements and basic mechanisms of modern tamper-evident seals, tags, and labels, with emphasis on attack and circumvention. Adhesive seals, crimp seals, wire wraps, fiber optic seals, electronic, chemical, biological, and make-shift seals will be dissected, examined, and explained, with emphasis on their shortcomings and circumvention techniques. We will also present an overview of typical applications for tags, seals, and labels, including covert traps and uses ranging from consumer goods to loss reduction to government secrets.
This document describes 33 unconventional security devices, including tamper-indicating seals, tags, real-time monitoring devices, and access control techniques. It summarizes two devices in particular:
Device #1 is an electronic, reusable time-out seal called a "Time Lock" that can be set to open automatically after a set period of time without a key. It provides low to medium level security.
Device #2 is a covert, high security "Time Trap" tamper-indicating seal that computes a new hash value each minute based on a secret key. If opened unauthorized, it erases the key, displaying the open time and hash value to indicate tampering.
The document summarizes common security mistakes related to electronic voting. It describes issues such as voting machines lacking security features to detect tampering, failure to thoroughly inspect machines for hardware or software tampering before and after elections, overconfidence in tamper-indicating seals which can be subtly spoofed, and inadequate training of personnel on properly inspecting seals. The document provides recommendations from Argonne National Laboratory's Vulnerability Assessment Team to address these issues through measures such as randomly inspecting a percentage of machines before and after elections, improving procedures for inspecting tamper-indicating seals, and implementing stronger protocols for locks and access controls.
The document analyzes the Smurfs through a Marxist-Leninist lens, drawing parallels between the Smurf village and communist societies. It notes that the Smurfs have no private property, currency, or social classes. Papa Smurf acts as the central authority, similar to Stalin, distributing resources based on needs. Brainy Smurf mirrors Trotsky in his intellectual role and attempted overthrow. Smurfette and Gargamel represent threats from capitalism tempting the Smurfs with greed and selfishness. The creator Peyo supported working class heroes in class-based societies.
Minnesota Timberwolves Marketing Power Pointt_player23
A power point created to show how we will marketing, promote and sell tickets for the Minnesota Timberwolves vs. Milwaukee Bucks pre-season basketball game.
The document discusses the art of trolling and defines it as "fuzzing someone else's mind with the express purpose of laughing so hard you squirt 30 year old single malt through your nose." It provides various definitions of trolling from dictionaries and references ancient gods and figures as "prolific ante-internet trolls." The document also discusses using behavior modification techniques for trolling and developing technology like bots to enhance trolling abilities.
How To Steal A Nuclear Warhead, Without Voiding Your XBox WarrantyEric Michaud
We will present the common elements and basic mechanisms of modern tamper-evident seals, tags, and labels, with emphasis on attack and circumvention. Adhesive seals, crimp seals, wire wraps, fiber optic seals, electronic, chemical, biological, and make-shift seals will be dissected, examined, and explained, with emphasis on their shortcomings and circumvention techniques. We will also present an overview of typical applications for tags, seals, and labels, including covert traps and uses ranging from consumer goods to loss reduction to government secrets.
This document describes 33 unconventional security devices, including tamper-indicating seals, tags, real-time monitoring devices, and access control techniques. It summarizes two devices in particular:
Device #1 is an electronic, reusable time-out seal called a "Time Lock" that can be set to open automatically after a set period of time without a key. It provides low to medium level security.
Device #2 is a covert, high security "Time Trap" tamper-indicating seal that computes a new hash value each minute based on a secret key. If opened unauthorized, it erases the key, displaying the open time and hash value to indicate tampering.
The document summarizes common security mistakes related to electronic voting. It describes issues such as voting machines lacking security features to detect tampering, failure to thoroughly inspect machines for hardware or software tampering before and after elections, overconfidence in tamper-indicating seals which can be subtly spoofed, and inadequate training of personnel on properly inspecting seals. The document provides recommendations from Argonne National Laboratory's Vulnerability Assessment Team to address these issues through measures such as randomly inspecting a percentage of machines before and after elections, improving procedures for inspecting tamper-indicating seals, and implementing stronger protocols for locks and access controls.
#3 Top entrance security tips from the experts IN OR OUT? YOU DECIDE! SECURITY MAGAZINE STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE How to choose the right interlocking door RETAIL Speed gates: safer, smaller, smarter BIOMETRICS Get to grips with the basics PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Bieżący numer magazynu Global został poświęcony tematyce kontroli dostępu, na którą składają się m.in.: zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa budynków, identyfikacja i autoryzacja przejścia, funkcjonalność oraz design. W tym numerze eksperci z zakresu kontroli dostępu prezentują wskazówki dotyczące prawidłowej ochrony obiektów publicznych czy wyboru śluz osobowych. Jeden z artykułów został poświęcony najnowszym trendom w szwedzkich sklepach wielkopowierzchniowych. Zapoznaj się z nowinkami rynku zabezpieczeń!
Bieżący numer magazynu Global został poświęcony tematyce kontroli dostępu, na którą składają się m.in.: zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa budynków, identyfikacja i autoryzacja przejścia, funkcjonalność oraz design. W tym numerze eksperci z zakresu kontroli dostępu prezentują wskazówki dotyczące prawidłowej ochrony obiektów publicznych czy wyboru śluz osobowych. Jeden z artykułów został poświęcony najnowszym trendom w szwedzkich sklepach wielkopowierzchniowych. Zapoznaj się z nowinkami rynku zabezpieczeń!
Gunnebo Customer Security Magazine - Global #3Gunnebo UK
This edition features top entrance security tips from experts along with focus on areas such as public buildings, how to choose the right interlocking door, speed gates for retail and biometrics.
1. The document discusses various physical and procedural security measures for protecting assets, including barriers like walls and fences, access control systems, locks, alarms, lighting, and CCTV monitoring.
2. It describes different types of motion sensors that can be used to detect intruders, such as microwave, electric field, vibration, infrared, and glass breaking sensors.
3. The security system should be continuously monitored from a central control room and have backup power to function if primary power is lost.
ShockWatch provides tamperproof impact indicator labels that turn red to indicate if fragile products have been mishandled during transit or storage. The labels have different impact sensitivities and are designed to detect damage from all angles. They help companies identify problems in the supply chain and determine accountability for damaged products.
The document provides guidance on physical security measures for protecting buildings, equipment, and information. It recommends securing building access points, monitoring equipment placement, maintaining access logs, and identifying organization property. It also suggests preparing for threats like theft, natural disasters, or equipment malfunctions through measures such as equipment tracking, environmental controls, and backup power sources. The document stresses applying security protocols appropriately based on risk assessments.
Vulnerability Assessment, Physical Security, and Nuclear SafeguardsRoger Johnston
This document discusses vulnerability assessments of security and safeguard devices and programs. It describes how vulnerability assessments have been conducted on over 1,000 different systems and devices. It outlines some key differences between domestic and international nuclear safeguard programs and notes that similar hardware and strategies are sometimes incorrectly used for both applications. It also discusses several common problems with international safeguard programs and outlines attributes of "security theater".
66Chapter 3Security Surveys and the AuditLawrence .docxblondellchancy
66
Chapter 3
Security Surveys and the Audit
Lawrence J. Fennelly, CPO, CSS, HLC III
A security survey is a critical on-site examination and analysis of a place, which may be an industrial
plant, business, home, or public or private institution to ascertain the present security status, identify
deficiencies or excesses, determine the protection needed, and make recommendations to improve the
overall security. Your survey or audit must include the external and internal complex, as well as the
identification of threats, identify controls, level of risk and your completed risk assessment, which
should include risk analysis, risk identification, and risk evaluation.
It is interesting to note that a definition of as outlined by the British Home Officecrime prevention
Crime Prevention Program—“the anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the
initiation of action to remove or reduce it”—could, in fact, be an excellent description of a security
survey. The only difference, of course, is that a survey generally does not become the “action” as such
but rather a basis for recommendations for action.
This definition can be divided into five components and analyzed so that its implications can be
applied to the development of a working foundation for the security surveyor:
1. How does the anticipation of a crime risk become important to the security or crimeAnticipation.
prevention surveyor? Obviously, a primary objective of a survey is the anticipation or prevention
aspects of a given situation—the pre- or before concept. Thus, an individual who keeps anticipation
in the proper perspective maintains a proper balance in the total spectrum of security surveying. In
other words, the anticipatory stage could be considered a prognosis of further action.
2. What does an individual need to conduct a survey of the relationships betweenRecognition.
anticipation and appraisal? Primarily, the ability to recognize and interpret what seems to be a
crime risk becomes an important skill a security surveyor acquires and develops.
3. The responsibility to develop, suggest, and communicate recommendations is certainlyAppraisal.
a hallmark of any security survey.
4. As defined in this text, a crime risk is the opportunity gained from crime. The totalCrime risk.
elimination of opportunity is most difficult, if not improbable. Therefore, the cost of protection is
measured in (1) protection of depth and (2) delay time. Obviously, the implementation of the
recommendation should not exceed the total (original or replacement) cost of the item(s) to be
protected. An exception to this rule would be human life.
5. This section indicates the phase of aThe initiation of action to remove or reduce a crime risk.
survey in which the recipient of the recommendations decides whether to act, based on the
suggestions (recommendations) set forth by the surveyor. In some cases, the identification of
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Counterfeiting is menace for brand owners and Government authorities. In over a decade the problem has expanded rapidly and is now not limited to luxury goods and developed economies. There are any numbers of reports available on internet discussing the loss to industry and people due to counterfeiting.
Over the years, in order to prevent counterfeiting from plaguing their business, brand owners started using authentication solutions. With the availability of various authentication solutions, companies and Government authorities are facing problem in selection of a specific authentication solution as the adoption of any given solution is a complex question involving issues, amongst others, of cost, compatibility, feasibility and reliability, and there are divergent views on which technologies should be adopted and the timing for their adoption. While these solutions can sometimes add to the problem, the right selection, usage & implementation of authentication solutions helps companies and authorities to keep them one step ahead of counterfeiting. The selection of an authentication1 solutions2 that protects a document or product is a complex process and necessitates review of a number of factors regarding the role and implementation of the technology. Not all authentication solutions and security features are appropriate for all applications. It is important to understand the strengths and limitations inherent to different technologies, as well as between similar features supplied by different manufacturers.The article explain, “Steps to identify authentication solutions to curb counterfeiting”.
1. Power tools present greater hazards than hand tools due to their higher speeds of operation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is important for safe use of power tools.
2. Eye protection like safety glasses or goggles is especially important for power tools, as their moving parts can propel small particles faster than hand tools. A face shield is recommended when using tools like grinders due to hot metal particles.
3. Standard work gloves protect hands from minor cuts but not moving blades. Cut-resistant gloves do not protect from moving parts. The best protection is keeping hands on tool handles and guards in place. Anti-vibration gloves reduce vibration from tools like hammer drills.
The document discusses the importance and benefits of inspection during construction projects. It argues that many problems that occur later, such as corrosion or environmental contamination, are often due to issues that could have been caught during inspection. While inspection adds costs upfront, it saves money in the long run by preventing more expensive accidents and cleanup costs down the road. The document advocates for inspectors to be properly trained, experienced, independent, and have the authority to stop work if issues are found in order to maximize the benefits of inspection.
This document provides guidelines for responding to bomb threats at shopping centres. It outlines procedures for receiving and evaluating telephonic bomb threats, searching facilities, evacuating if necessary, and actions to take during and after a bomb threat or explosion. It recommends proactive security measures like an emergency plan, training, access control and monitoring of deliveries. The document provides forms and contacts to help security personnel respond appropriately to minimize risk.
Common and dangerous myths about security vulnerability assessments from experienced vulnerability assessors of physical security and nuclear safeguards devices, systems, and programs.
Guidance on gloves maintenance in Isolator and RABSPalash Das
A faulty glove or sleeve assembly represents a route of contamination and a critical breach of Isolator integrity. Within this article we will discuss about all these aspects.
Vetrotech provides comprehensive glass solutions to protect buildings and people from various threats. Their PROTECT range includes glass products that offer attack resistance, bullet resistance, and blast protection. Vetrotech works with clients to understand their security needs and identify the most appropriate glass solution to counter perceived risks and provide peace of mind. They offer a wide variety of product classifications and testing to ensure each solution is effective against its intended level of threat.
Lockout tagout is a set or procedures adn rules used to immobilize equipment and prevent the unexpected release of energy, so that machinery and equipment can be safely maintained. OSHA has created specific safety standards (1910.147) to address lockout/tagout procedures.
This bulletin provides links to the OSHA standard and other lockout tagout resources, describes required design of lockout and tagout devices, and shows examples of proper tag design.
This document discusses the use of humor in security. It begins by outlining some of the benefits of using humor, such as entertaining audiences, emphasizing important points, and reducing tension. It then explores various theories of humor, including incongruity theory and benign violation theory. The document also examines different types of humor, such as affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-deprecating humor. The author shares examples of humor they have used effectively in security contexts, including silly jokes, self-deprecating humor, jokes that emphasize a security point, and subversive humor that criticizes security practices.
This is the June 2022 issue of the Journal of Physical Security. In addition to the usual editor’s rants and news about security, this issue has papers about ZigBee vulnerabilities, practical password cracking, humor & security, the costs of police body camera video storage, tips for reducing security guard turnover, and FDA & DHS blessing of security technologies.
Back issues of the Journal can be found at http://jps.rbseurity.com
#3 Top entrance security tips from the experts IN OR OUT? YOU DECIDE! SECURITY MAGAZINE STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE How to choose the right interlocking door RETAIL Speed gates: safer, smaller, smarter BIOMETRICS Get to grips with the basics PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Bieżący numer magazynu Global został poświęcony tematyce kontroli dostępu, na którą składają się m.in.: zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa budynków, identyfikacja i autoryzacja przejścia, funkcjonalność oraz design. W tym numerze eksperci z zakresu kontroli dostępu prezentują wskazówki dotyczące prawidłowej ochrony obiektów publicznych czy wyboru śluz osobowych. Jeden z artykułów został poświęcony najnowszym trendom w szwedzkich sklepach wielkopowierzchniowych. Zapoznaj się z nowinkami rynku zabezpieczeń!
Bieżący numer magazynu Global został poświęcony tematyce kontroli dostępu, na którą składają się m.in.: zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa budynków, identyfikacja i autoryzacja przejścia, funkcjonalność oraz design. W tym numerze eksperci z zakresu kontroli dostępu prezentują wskazówki dotyczące prawidłowej ochrony obiektów publicznych czy wyboru śluz osobowych. Jeden z artykułów został poświęcony najnowszym trendom w szwedzkich sklepach wielkopowierzchniowych. Zapoznaj się z nowinkami rynku zabezpieczeń!
Gunnebo Customer Security Magazine - Global #3Gunnebo UK
This edition features top entrance security tips from experts along with focus on areas such as public buildings, how to choose the right interlocking door, speed gates for retail and biometrics.
1. The document discusses various physical and procedural security measures for protecting assets, including barriers like walls and fences, access control systems, locks, alarms, lighting, and CCTV monitoring.
2. It describes different types of motion sensors that can be used to detect intruders, such as microwave, electric field, vibration, infrared, and glass breaking sensors.
3. The security system should be continuously monitored from a central control room and have backup power to function if primary power is lost.
ShockWatch provides tamperproof impact indicator labels that turn red to indicate if fragile products have been mishandled during transit or storage. The labels have different impact sensitivities and are designed to detect damage from all angles. They help companies identify problems in the supply chain and determine accountability for damaged products.
The document provides guidance on physical security measures for protecting buildings, equipment, and information. It recommends securing building access points, monitoring equipment placement, maintaining access logs, and identifying organization property. It also suggests preparing for threats like theft, natural disasters, or equipment malfunctions through measures such as equipment tracking, environmental controls, and backup power sources. The document stresses applying security protocols appropriately based on risk assessments.
Vulnerability Assessment, Physical Security, and Nuclear SafeguardsRoger Johnston
This document discusses vulnerability assessments of security and safeguard devices and programs. It describes how vulnerability assessments have been conducted on over 1,000 different systems and devices. It outlines some key differences between domestic and international nuclear safeguard programs and notes that similar hardware and strategies are sometimes incorrectly used for both applications. It also discusses several common problems with international safeguard programs and outlines attributes of "security theater".
66Chapter 3Security Surveys and the AuditLawrence .docxblondellchancy
66
Chapter 3
Security Surveys and the Audit
Lawrence J. Fennelly, CPO, CSS, HLC III
A security survey is a critical on-site examination and analysis of a place, which may be an industrial
plant, business, home, or public or private institution to ascertain the present security status, identify
deficiencies or excesses, determine the protection needed, and make recommendations to improve the
overall security. Your survey or audit must include the external and internal complex, as well as the
identification of threats, identify controls, level of risk and your completed risk assessment, which
should include risk analysis, risk identification, and risk evaluation.
It is interesting to note that a definition of as outlined by the British Home Officecrime prevention
Crime Prevention Program—“the anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the
initiation of action to remove or reduce it”—could, in fact, be an excellent description of a security
survey. The only difference, of course, is that a survey generally does not become the “action” as such
but rather a basis for recommendations for action.
This definition can be divided into five components and analyzed so that its implications can be
applied to the development of a working foundation for the security surveyor:
1. How does the anticipation of a crime risk become important to the security or crimeAnticipation.
prevention surveyor? Obviously, a primary objective of a survey is the anticipation or prevention
aspects of a given situation—the pre- or before concept. Thus, an individual who keeps anticipation
in the proper perspective maintains a proper balance in the total spectrum of security surveying. In
other words, the anticipatory stage could be considered a prognosis of further action.
2. What does an individual need to conduct a survey of the relationships betweenRecognition.
anticipation and appraisal? Primarily, the ability to recognize and interpret what seems to be a
crime risk becomes an important skill a security surveyor acquires and develops.
3. The responsibility to develop, suggest, and communicate recommendations is certainlyAppraisal.
a hallmark of any security survey.
4. As defined in this text, a crime risk is the opportunity gained from crime. The totalCrime risk.
elimination of opportunity is most difficult, if not improbable. Therefore, the cost of protection is
measured in (1) protection of depth and (2) delay time. Obviously, the implementation of the
recommendation should not exceed the total (original or replacement) cost of the item(s) to be
protected. An exception to this rule would be human life.
5. This section indicates the phase of aThe initiation of action to remove or reduce a crime risk.
survey in which the recipient of the recommendations decides whether to act, based on the
suggestions (recommendations) set forth by the surveyor. In some cases, the identification of
Co
py
ri
gh
t
@
20
12
.
Bu
tt
er ...
Counterfeiting is menace for brand owners and Government authorities. In over a decade the problem has expanded rapidly and is now not limited to luxury goods and developed economies. There are any numbers of reports available on internet discussing the loss to industry and people due to counterfeiting.
Over the years, in order to prevent counterfeiting from plaguing their business, brand owners started using authentication solutions. With the availability of various authentication solutions, companies and Government authorities are facing problem in selection of a specific authentication solution as the adoption of any given solution is a complex question involving issues, amongst others, of cost, compatibility, feasibility and reliability, and there are divergent views on which technologies should be adopted and the timing for their adoption. While these solutions can sometimes add to the problem, the right selection, usage & implementation of authentication solutions helps companies and authorities to keep them one step ahead of counterfeiting. The selection of an authentication1 solutions2 that protects a document or product is a complex process and necessitates review of a number of factors regarding the role and implementation of the technology. Not all authentication solutions and security features are appropriate for all applications. It is important to understand the strengths and limitations inherent to different technologies, as well as between similar features supplied by different manufacturers.The article explain, “Steps to identify authentication solutions to curb counterfeiting”.
1. Power tools present greater hazards than hand tools due to their higher speeds of operation. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is important for safe use of power tools.
2. Eye protection like safety glasses or goggles is especially important for power tools, as their moving parts can propel small particles faster than hand tools. A face shield is recommended when using tools like grinders due to hot metal particles.
3. Standard work gloves protect hands from minor cuts but not moving blades. Cut-resistant gloves do not protect from moving parts. The best protection is keeping hands on tool handles and guards in place. Anti-vibration gloves reduce vibration from tools like hammer drills.
The document discusses the importance and benefits of inspection during construction projects. It argues that many problems that occur later, such as corrosion or environmental contamination, are often due to issues that could have been caught during inspection. While inspection adds costs upfront, it saves money in the long run by preventing more expensive accidents and cleanup costs down the road. The document advocates for inspectors to be properly trained, experienced, independent, and have the authority to stop work if issues are found in order to maximize the benefits of inspection.
This document provides guidelines for responding to bomb threats at shopping centres. It outlines procedures for receiving and evaluating telephonic bomb threats, searching facilities, evacuating if necessary, and actions to take during and after a bomb threat or explosion. It recommends proactive security measures like an emergency plan, training, access control and monitoring of deliveries. The document provides forms and contacts to help security personnel respond appropriately to minimize risk.
Common and dangerous myths about security vulnerability assessments from experienced vulnerability assessors of physical security and nuclear safeguards devices, systems, and programs.
Guidance on gloves maintenance in Isolator and RABSPalash Das
A faulty glove or sleeve assembly represents a route of contamination and a critical breach of Isolator integrity. Within this article we will discuss about all these aspects.
Vetrotech provides comprehensive glass solutions to protect buildings and people from various threats. Their PROTECT range includes glass products that offer attack resistance, bullet resistance, and blast protection. Vetrotech works with clients to understand their security needs and identify the most appropriate glass solution to counter perceived risks and provide peace of mind. They offer a wide variety of product classifications and testing to ensure each solution is effective against its intended level of threat.
Lockout tagout is a set or procedures adn rules used to immobilize equipment and prevent the unexpected release of energy, so that machinery and equipment can be safely maintained. OSHA has created specific safety standards (1910.147) to address lockout/tagout procedures.
This bulletin provides links to the OSHA standard and other lockout tagout resources, describes required design of lockout and tagout devices, and shows examples of proper tag design.
This document discusses the use of humor in security. It begins by outlining some of the benefits of using humor, such as entertaining audiences, emphasizing important points, and reducing tension. It then explores various theories of humor, including incongruity theory and benign violation theory. The document also examines different types of humor, such as affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-deprecating humor. The author shares examples of humor they have used effectively in security contexts, including silly jokes, self-deprecating humor, jokes that emphasize a security point, and subversive humor that criticizes security practices.
This is the June 2022 issue of the Journal of Physical Security. In addition to the usual editor’s rants and news about security, this issue has papers about ZigBee vulnerabilities, practical password cracking, humor & security, the costs of police body camera video storage, tips for reducing security guard turnover, and FDA & DHS blessing of security technologies.
Back issues of the Journal can be found at http://jps.rbseurity.com
Audits should focus on ensuring good security practices rather than strict compliance. Auditors should ask employees about potential security weaknesses and improvements rather than criticizing minor violations. The goal of auditing should be cooperative discussions to strengthen security, not punitive enforcement of rules from disconnected leaders. Effective auditing recognizes that security depends on local expertise and conditions, not top-down mandates.
Vulnerability Assessment: The Missing Manual for the Missing Link Roger Johnston
Vulnerability Assessment: The Missing Manual for the Missing Link. Now available as an ebook, paperback, or hardcover.
This book is written by a Vulnerability Assessor with 35+ years of experience. The book covers the common misconceptions and problems with how Security Vulnerability Assessments are thought of and done. Various security tips and advice are also offered. If you do or think about security, you need this book!
This March 2021 issue of the Journal of Physical Security has papers on:
• tax credits for physical security R&D
• pinhole cameras for surreptitious surveillance
• insider threat issues
• tamper-indicating seals for fast food in the era of Covid
• security for sealed radiological sources
Back issues are available for free at https://jps.rbsekurity.com
1. The author conducted an informal experiment on food orders from a popular fast food chain, finding that the pressure-sensitive adhesive seals used on paper bags were easy to remove and reapply without detection within the first 24-48 hours.
2. Additionally, the bottom of the bags without seals could be pried open and resealed without visible evidence of tampering.
3. While not a rigorous assessment, the seals seem unlikely to reliably detect tampering. Possible purposes for the seals include reassurance during the pandemic or detecting tampering within the restaurant rather than security purposes.
This is the Oct 2020 issue with the usual security news and editor's rants, plus Viewpoint papers on Security Assurance and Election Security.
Back issues are available at http://jps.rbsekurity.com
The document is a viewpoint paper from a vulnerability assessor on U.S. election security. Some of the key points made in the paper include: 1) Vote-by-mail is likely more secure than in-person voting due to fewer insiders and a required paper trail; 2) Election security is generally better with high voter turnout since more votes need to be altered without detection; 3) While difficult to tamper with a national election, compromising local elections through voting machine or ballot tampering is probably easy in most jurisdictions.
The document discusses security assurance and argues that security managers should not seek assurance or comfort that their security programs are effective. Instead, they should focus on ongoing risk management through techniques like vulnerability assessments to continuously improve security. Providing high-level assurance to stakeholders is unavoidable for purposes like funding, but security programs themselves should not prioritize assurance and instead prioritize identifying weaknesses through methods like vulnerability assessments. The document cautions that using security tests or past vulnerability assessment results to claim assurance can incentivize not thoroughly testing and identifying issues.
A New Approach to Vulnerability AssessmentRoger Johnston
Most organizations don't do Vulnerability Assessment, or confuse them with something else, or do them but not very effectively, imaginatively, or proactively, thinking like the bad guys. Here is some practical advice for how to do better from a Vulnerability Assessor with 35+ years of experience.
We can't test our way to good #security. Why? Because we can't test—or prevent—what we have not envisioned. (Think 9/11.) Effective, imaginative vulnerability assessments are essential. This book explains how to do them based on the 35+ years experience of a Vulnerability Assessor.
This book is the missing manual for the missing link: It provides practical advice on how to do effective, imaginative, proactive Vulnerability Assessments based on the authors 30+ years of experience as a vulnerability assessor.
Design Reviews Versus Vulnerability Assessments for Physical SecurityRoger Johnston
Vulnerability assessments aim to identify security flaws and likely attack scenarios in order to improve security, but they can be challenging for security managers due to fears about vulnerabilities being uncovered. Design reviews provide a less frightening alternative that still allows for security improvements. A design review briefly reviews design issues and offers recommendations, while identifying fewer vulnerabilities than a full assessment. However, about half of organizations that do a design review later pursue a more comprehensive vulnerability assessment once they see the initial results. The author suggests design reviews or market analyses as ways to introduce vulnerability issues in a palatable manner for hesitant organizations.
In addition to the usual security news and editor's rants about security, this issue (Volume 12, Issue 3) has papers about:
• automatic vehicle security gates
• 3D magnetometer arrays as a more secure replacement for BMS
• best practices in physical security
• design reviews vs. vulnerability assessments
JPS, a peer reviewed journal, is hosted by Right Brain Sekurity as a free public service. See http://jps.rbsekurity.com
In addition to the usual security news and editor’s rants about security, this (August 2019) issue has papers about security by design,defeating electronic locks with radio frequency attack tools, poor seal practice with pressure-sensitive adhesive label seals, wargaming Brexit, and a revised and updated list of popular (mostly smart ass) security maxims.
Making the Business Case for Security InvestmentRoger Johnston
(1) Traditional ROI arguments for security spending often don't convince executives who are unaware of security issues and risks. (2) Executives may not envision security failures occurring on their watch and would rather save money now. (3) Estimating attack probabilities and costs is difficult, and long-term damage is underestimated in ROI analyses. (4) The author proposes an 8-step hybrid approach using best practices, legal perspectives, competitor comparisons, vivid failure scenarios, and scare tactics to convince executives to invest in security.
This is the August 2018 issue of the Journal of Physical Security (JPS). In addition to the usual editor’s rants about security, this issue has papers on
• election security
• physical security networks
• technology for tracking sealed radiological sources
• an analysis of active shooter training videos
• whether security belongs under Facility Management (Operations)
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Choosing and Using Seals
1. Appeared in Army Sustainment 44, 54-58 (2012)
How to Choose and Use Seals
Roger G. Johnston, Ph.D., CPP and Jon S. Warner, Ph.D.
Vulnerability Assessment Team
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Ave, Building 206
Argonne, IL 60439-4840
630-252-6168, rogerj@anl.gov
Introduction
Tamper-indicating seals have been in use for well over 7,000 years.[1,2] Today, seals are
widely used for a variety of applications including cargo security, nuclear safeguards, counter -
intelligence, theft detection, loss prevention, records security, employee drug testing, and
election integrity.[3-11] They protect money, transportainers, footlockers, courier bags, filing
cabinets, utility meters, hazardous materials, instrument calibrations, drugs, weapons,
computer media, warehoused goods, and other critical items. Despite their antiquity and
widespread modern use, there remain quite a few misconceptions, poor practices, and
misleading terminology when it comes to seals and seal use.[12-16] This article is a brief
primer on how to choose and use seals, and is based on two decades of research by the
Vulnerability Assessment Team at Argonne National Laboratory.[17-22]
It’s important first off to be clear on what a seal is and what it is not. (See figure 1 for an
example of seals.) Unlike a lock, a seal is not intended to delay or discourage unauthorized
entry (except possibly in some vague psychological sense). Instead, a seal is meant to leave
behind unambiguous, non-erasable evidence of unauthorized access. Complicating the issue
is the fact that there are “barrier” seals—devices that are part lock and part seal. Barrier seals
have their uses, but the downside is that they cause a lot of confusion in users, and the devices
tend to be a compromise, being neither the optimal lock nor the optimal seal for a given
application.
Barrier seals are sometimes misleadingly called “security seals” in contrast to “indicative
seals”, but this is sloppy terminology. Other terminology to avoid include “tamper-proof seal”
and “tamper-resistant” seal. There is no such think as a seal that cannot be spoofed, and the
idea of “tamper resistance” applies more properly to locks, not seals.
Unlike a lock, cutting a seal off a container is not defeating it because the fact that the seal is
damaged or missing will be noted at the time of inspection. “Defeating” or “spoofing” a seal
means to open the seal, then reseal the container it is used on, but without being detected by
the inspection process in use.[18-22] “Attacking” a seal means undertaking a sequence of
actions intended to try to defeat the seal.
Seal manufacturers, vendors, and users typically over-estimate the difficulty of defeating
their seals. There are at least 105 different generic methods for potentially defeating a
2. seal.[23] These include, for example, picking the seal open without leaving evidence,
counterfeiting the seal, replicating the seal at the factory, changing the serial number,
tampering with the database of seal serial numbers, drilling into the seal to allow interior
manipulation then repairing the hole, cutting the seal and repairing the damage, not installing
the correct seal in the first place (then later replacing it with the correct seal), etc. Full
counterfeiting is usually not the most likely attack on a seal unless perhaps the adversary is
attacking a large number of seals, or has very limited access time at the seal and its container.
A fundamental fact about tamper detection is that a seal is no better than its “seal use
protocol”.[1-6,10-12,18] This is the official and unofficial procedures for seal procurement,
shipping, storage, check out, installation, inspection, training, reporting, disposal, securing the
seal data (such as the recorded seal serial numbers), and securing the seal reader, if there is
one. (Typically, 15 seconds of access to either the seal database or the seal reader allows an
adversary to defeat 1 or many seals in one quick effort.) Modest seals used with a good seal
use protocol can potentially provide good tamper detection. Sophisticated seals used poorly
will not.[2,13,19-22]
Choosing & Procuring Seals
In choosing a seal, it is important to realize that there is no such thing as an unspoofable
seal (any more than there is an undefeatable lock). There is also no one “best” seal. The
optimal choice of a seal depends on details of your security goals, threats, adversaries,
personnel and their training, as well as the nature of your containers, doors, hasps, physical
facilities, and time and budget constraints.
Generally, seals that are complex, difficult to use, or that present significant ergonomic
problems will be resisted by seal installers and inspectors and will not provide good security.
All seals need a unique identifier, such as a serial number, so that an adversary cannot easily
swap one seal for another. Independent parts of seal should have (ideally the same) serial
number. Serial numbers should not be easy to erase, dissolve, or buff out (though they often
are).
Seal vendors and manufacturers (ideally) should contractually agree not to sell duplicate
serial numbers or replicate logos to anybody (even within your organization!) who are not on
your organization’s short list of authorized seal buyers. Seal users should test if this
agreement is honored. Often it is not.
If the seal is frangible, be sure to consider environmental conditions and any rough handling
the seal may be receive. Also bear in mind that robust seals on moving containers can be a
safety hazard in that they can gouge eyes or skin, or entrap clothing.
Seals should not be chosen based solely on unit cost. There are often much higher costs
associated with seal installation, inspection, removal, and training. With reusable (typically
electronic), seals, be sure to factor in the cost of unit failures, battery replacement, and
3. theft/loss/vandalism of the seal, as well as the costs of protecting and returning the seals for
re-use (if necessary).
Seal Installation
Unused seals must be carefully protected prior to use, not just left lying around a loading
dock, for example. Seals should be assigned to specific individuals who are responsible for
protecting and returning unused seals. Unused seals are potentially very useful to an
adversary for practicing attacks, or for use in an attack.
Prior to installation, a seal should be checked for manufacturing defects and for evidence of
pre-installation tampering (a “backdoor attack”) which can make it easier for an adversary to
open the seal later without leaving evidence.
The door, hasp, or locking mechanism, as well as all sides (and top and bottom) of the
container must be inspected. It makes little sense to seal a container with gaping holes in it, or
to apply a seal to a door, hasp, or locking mechanism that is faulty. (You’d be surprised,
however, how often people do this!)
Seal Inspection & Removal
The common misconception that a seal will either be missing or blatantly smashed open, or
else there has been no unauthorized access or tampering couldn’t be more wrong.[9,14,21] In
fact, even amateurs can attack seals in a way that leaves little (and sometimes no)
evidence.[9,14,20] Only if the seal inspector has some idea of the most likely attack scenarios
and knows what specifically to look for on a given seal can they detect tampering with full
reliability. Simply checking to see if the seal is intact and maybe has the right serial number is
of limited usefulness, unless you are sure there is no potential adversary with an interest in
attacking surreptitiously. (A seal is called a “flag seal” when there is no concern about a
surreptitious attack. A flag seals is often used to signal an employee not to unnecessarily
reprocess a container. It differs from a “tamper-indicating seal” which is meant to deal with
covert tampering or intrusion attempts.)
Seal inspectors should have training on the vulnerabilities and most likely attack scenarios
for the seals they are using in the context they are using them. They should have hands -on
practice detecting seals attacked both blatantly and subtly. Without this training, they cannot
do the best job of detecting tampering.
A seal must be inspected carefully before it is removed, as well as after. Before removing
the seal, the seal inspector should also check that the seal displays the right amount of
movement or “play” between any 2 mated parts.
4. Seal inspectors should always compare a seal side-by-side with a protected, unused
(“control”) seal of the same kind. See figure 2. (This is true even for seals read at a distance
with an automated reader.) People are fairly proficient at side-by-side comparisons but not
very good at remembering exact details, even for familiar objects.. The seal inspector should
compare the seal color, gloss, surface finish, size, and morphology, and also check the serial
number size, font, feel, and character alignment.
Seals should be inspected for evidence of repair or cosmetic coverups of holes or cuts.
Smelling the seal—especially as it is being opened—is often remarkably effective in detecting
the presence of epoxies, adhesives, paints, inks, solvents, or coatings that have been applied to
the seal (even months earlier) by an adversary to hide an attack. Alternately, relatively
inexpensive, hand-held electronic sensors can detect many of the same chemicals. If there is
time during the inspection, rubbing the seal with a wire brush and/or solvent can be very
effective at detecting certain kinds of counterfeit seals or seals that have been repaired.
The door, hasp, or locking mechanism of the container, as well as its sides, top, bottom, and
ideally insides must be inspected as well to reliably detect tampering.
After a seal is removed, used seal parts must be protected or thoroughly destroyed so that
they cannot be used by an adversary for practicing or executing seal attacks. Ideally, the used
seals and seal parts should be saved for some period of time to allow a forensics examination
should questions arise.
The best seal inspectors seem to have an uncanny sense that something is suspicious about
a seal without necessarily knowing what. Such intuition should never be discounted. Security
managers should also make sure that seal inspectors are not hesitant to report their co ncerns.
Sometimes the consternation and delays that a suspicious seal creates for superiors, security
personnel, and logistics managers makes front-line employees hesitant to raise their concerns.
Seal inspectors should be occasionally tested with deliberately attacked seals, then heartily
rewarded if they detect them. This should include both seals blatantly attacked, and seals
attacked with more subtle methods.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Label Seals
After having studied hundreds of such seals, we have concluded that pressure sensitive,
adhesive label seals do not generally provide reliable tamper detection. People like using
these “sticky labels” because they are inexpensive and appear superficially to be easy to install
and inspect. They are, however, typically easy even for amateurs to defeat.
If you insist on using adhesive label seals anyway, here are some suggestions:
1. Match the type of adhesive to the surface. The best adhesive for bare metal is not
necessarily best for painted metal, plastic, wood, cardboard, paper, or glass.
5. 2. Feel the surface that the seal will be applied to so that you can detect any substances the
adversary has added to reduce adhesion. Pre-cleaning of the surface with a solvent or
detergent water is strongly recommended. Residue from previous adhesive label seals must
be fully removed.
3. The surface should not be cold, wet, corroded, or peeling.
4. Full adhesion requires more than 48 hours. This often makes it easy for the first 2 days to
lift the seal without causing damage or evidence of tampering. Heat can help speed up the
adhesion process. (For safety reasons, be careful not to heat any cleaning solvent that has not
yet fully evaporated!)
5. Ideally the adhesive, substrate, and ink should be made of the same material, or at least
they should dissolve in exactly the same solvent. (Few, if any, adhesive label seals are
designed this way.)
6. Consider covering the label seal with a plastic protective sheet or clear protective spray
while it is in use.
7. During seal inspection, carefully examine the surface area outside the perimeter of the seal
to look for evidence of attack.
8. The best way to detect tampering with an adhesive label seal is to observe (and smell) as
the seal is being removed. The seal inspector, however, must understand how the seal is
supposed to behave (and smell) ordinarily.
9. A blink comparator used with a kinematic mount (to exactly re-position the camera
without any necessary adjustment) is an excellent way to compare before and after images of
seals to look for tampering. Contact the authors for more information.
10. Manufacturers and vendors often emphasize the unique features of adhesive label seals
that they claim are difficult or impossible to replicate. This is usually quite untrue in our
experience, but it doesn’t usually matter since most adhesive label seals will be attacked by
reusing the original seal, perhaps with some artistic, cosmetic, or repair work.
11. Seals that reveal words like “OPENED” or “VOID” when removed from a surface are
largely gimmicks that do not represent serious challenges to an adversary. (On the other
hand, this feature can be quite effective for flag seals.)
ISO 17712
In our view, existing standards for tamper-indicating seals are not very helpful. We believe
that ISO 17712, the new international standard for freight seals [24], does a particularly
serious disservice to effective tamper detection. ISO 17712 formalizes flawed concepts,
encourages misleading terminology, over simplifies critical seal issues, and compromises
6. cargo and homeland security. We are preparing a detailed critique of this standard but our
advice in the meantime is not to be overly confident about seals that meet the ISO 17712
standard.
Better Seal Training
Because of the shortage of good seals training materials, we are in the process of preparing
a training video that discusses and demonstrates good seal use protocols in general. This will
be available shortly. The best advice and training for tamper detection, however, is always
specific to the relevant seals and the security application of interest. The authors are available
to provide seal and cargo security advice for legitimate organizations that face security and
tampering issues.
Conclusion
If used effectively (i.e., with a good use protocol) and with a realistic understanding of their
capabilities and vulnerabilities, seals can provide fairly reliable tamper detection. But they
are not a simple-minded, silver bullet for tamper detection or logistics security. We also
believe that much better seal designs are possible.[2,5,11,17]
Disclaimer
The views expressed here are those of the authors and should not necessarily be ascribed to
Argonne National Laboratory or the United States Department of Energy.
About the Authors
Roger Johnston, Ph.D., CPP and Jon Warner, Ph.D. are part of the Vulnerability Assessment
Team (VAT) at Argonne National Laboratory.[15,17] The VAT has provided consulting,
training, vulnerability assessments, and security solutions for over 50 government agencies
(including DoD) and private companies. Johnston and Warner have conducted vulnerability
assessments on hundreds of different seals, and demonstrated easy-to-exploit vulnerabilities
(but also effective countermeasures) for many other physical security devices and systems
including locks, tags, access control and biometrics devices, GPS, RFIDs, nuclear safeguards,
and electronic voting machines.
Dr. Johnston and Dr. Warner have published more than 170 technical papers, given over 85
invited talks (including 6 Keynote Addresses at national and international security
conferences), and hold 10 U.S. patents.
7. References
1. RG Johnston, DD Martinez, and ARE Garcia, "Were Ancient Seals Secure?", Antiquity 75,
299-305 (2001).
2. RG Johnston, “Tamper-Indicating Seals”, American Scientist 94, 515-523 (2005).
3. NAVFAC, “Department of Defense Lock Program: Security Seals”,
https://portal.navfac.navy.mil/portal/page/portal/navfac/navfac_ww_pp/navfac_nfesc_pp/lo
cks/SEALS_INFO/TAB_SEALS_INTRO.
4. RG Johnston, "The Real Deal on Seals", Security Management 41, 93-100 (1997).
5. RG Johnston, “The ‘Anti-Evidence’ Approach to Tamper-Detection”, Packaging, Transport,
Storage & Security of Radioactive Material 16, 135-143 (2005).
6. RG Johnston, “New Research on Tamper-Indicating Seals”, International Utilities Revenue
Protection Association News, 16(1), 17-18 (2006).
7. L Tyska, Editor (1999), “Seals” in Guidelines for Cargo Security & Loss Control, (National
Cargo Security Council, Wash, D.C.), Chap 4 (29-38).
8. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, “Pressure-Sensitive and Tamper-Indicating Device
Seals for Material Control and Accounting of Special Nuclear Material”, Regulatory Guide 5.80,
December 2010, http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML1018/ML101800504.pdf
9. AW Appel, “Security Seals on Voting Machines: A Case Study”, ACM Transactions on
Information and System Security, 14(2), September 2011,
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2019603&CFID=63720906&CFTOKEN=32687086
10. RG Johnston, EC Michaud, and JS Warner, “The Security of Urine Drug Testing”, Journal of
Drug Issues, 39(4) 1015-1028 (2009).
11. RG Johnston, "Tamper-Indicating Seals for Nuclear Disarmament and Hazardous Waste
Management", Science and Global Security 9, 93-112 (2001).
12. RG Johnston, "Tamper Detection for Safeguards and Treaty Monitoring: Fantasies,
Realities, and Potentials", Nonproliferation Review 8, 102-115 (2001).
13. RG Johnston and JS Warner, “The Doctor Who Conundrum: Why Placing Too Much Faith in
Technology Leads to Failure”, Security Management 49(9), 112-121 (2005).
14. AW Appel, “The Trick to Defeating Tamper-Indicating Seals”, https://freedom-to-tinker.
com/blog/appel/trick-defeating-tamper-indicating-seals
15. P Rogers, “Most Security Measures Easy to Breach”,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frBBGJqkz9E
8. 16. JS Warner and RG Johnston, “Why RFID Tags Offer Poor Security”, Proceedings of the 51st
Annual INMM Meeting, Baltimore, MD, July 11-15, 2010.
17. Argonne National Laboratory, “Vulnerability Assessment Team”,
http://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/vat.
18. RG Johnston, ARE Garcia, and AN Pacheco, "Efficacy of Tamper-Indicating Devices",
Journal of Homeland Security, April 16, 2002,
http://www.homelandsecurity.org/journal/Articles/displayarticle.asp?article=50
19. RG Johnston and ARE Garcia, "Vulnerability Assessment of Security Seals", Journal of
Security Administration 20, 15-27 (1997).
20. RG Johnston, "Effective Vulnerability Assessment of Tamper-Indicating Seals", Journal of
Testing and Evaluation 25, 451-455 (1997).
21. RG Johnston, ARE Garcia, and WK Grace, “Vulnerability Assessment of Passive Tamper -
Indicating Seals”, Journal of Nuclear Materials Management 224, 24-29 (1995).
22. RG Johnston, “Assessing the Vulnerability of Tamper -Indicting Seals”, Port Technology
International 25, 155-157 (2005).
23. RG Johnston and ARE Garcia, "An Annotated Taxonomy of Tag and Seal Vulnerabilities",
Journal of Nuclear Materials Management 229, 23-30 (2000).
24. International Standards Organization, “Freight Containers – Mechanical Seals”, ISO 17712,
September 1, 2011.
9. Figure 1 - Examples of the more than 5,000 tamper-indicating seals that are commercially
available. Some are based on supposedly irreversible mechanical assemblies. Others are
frangible or use electronic or optical means to detect physical intrusion or seal opening.
Adhesive label seals typically attach to an object or container using a pressure-sensitive
adhesive.
10. Figure 2 - At inspection time, a seal should be compared side-by-side with a similar, unused
seal that has been protected from tampering.