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Dr. Song Huilin
China Tourism Academy
17 March, 2015
Chinese Tourists Influence the World
• The development of
Chinese outbound tourism1
• The characteristics of
Chinese outbound tourists2
• The impact of Chinese
outbound tourism on
destinations
3
1. The development of Chinese
outbound tourism
Factor 1: Steady development of economic society
Comparing changes of per capita GDP, per capita
disposable income and the number of domestic
residents abroad 2000-2012
per capita GDP(Yuan) per capita disposable income (Urban
Residents)(Yuan)the number of domestic residents abroad(Million visits)
Factor 2:RMB "internal depreciation and external
appreciation"
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
CPI 国内居民出境人数 汇率
the number of
domestic residents
abroad
Exchange rates
Comparing changes of CPI, exchange rates and the
number of domestic residents abroad 2000-2012
Factor 3: Visa facilitation
Mutual exemption of visa
Simplified visa procedures
Sino-US visa swap
Long-term visa
Reality: China has become the world‘s largest source
country of outbound tourism.
Reality: China has become the world's largest
consuming country abroad.
Outbound tourism consumption
2. The characteristics of Chinese
outbound tourists
Characteristic 1: remote destinations achieve
significant increase.
Top 15 Chinese outbound tourism destination in 2013
Growth rate
Hong
Kong
Macau Korea Thai
land
Tai
wan
USA Jap
an
Viet
na
m
Cam
bodi
a
Mala
ysia
Sin
gap
ore
Rus
sia
Indon
esia
Aus
trali
a
Can
ada
Year
2013
Characteristic 2: younger and highly educated
54%
46%
32%: Mainland tourists to visit Hong Kong, China ;
46.3%: Mainland tourists to Taiwan, China ;
44.3%: Chinese tourists to the United States
Age distribution
Aged 60 and
above
Aged 45-60
Aged 35-44
Aged 25-34
Aged 15-24
Aged 15
and below
Bachelor
degree39.82%
Master and
above5.08%
Technical
college
school
record29.36%
high school
diploma
22.79%
Primary
school
education
2.95%
Characteristic 3:The increasing Chinese outbound
tourism promotes the development of the free itinerary
travel.
61.36%:the proportion of Chinese outbound tourists repeatedly (
China Tourism Academy survey data )
71%: the proportion of revisiting overnight visitors from mainland to
Hong Kong ( Hong Kong Tourism Board data )
54%: the proportion of Chinese tourists revisiting the United States
( US Ministry of Commerce data )。
Comparing the scale of Chinese outbound group travel and free itinerary
travel visitors in2002
The scale of free itinerary
travel visitors 66%
The scale of group
travel tourists 34%
Characteristic 4: The emphasis on the family
Family
Trip
Together
Company
traveling
with a
group
Friends
travel
Online
togeth
er
traveli
ng
Indepe
ndent
travel
Instituti
ons
colleag
ues
travel
Travel
Alone
Others
Year2012
Year2013
Characteristic 5: Lifestyle pursuit
Life
Sightseeing
tours:
Finding
differentiated
travel space
Leisure Travel:
Finding
similarities
experience
space
Short period of
living in different
places
Sightseeing Leisure
the content of outbound tourists concerning
about in 2013
others
recreation
shopping
folk custom
lodging
transporta
tion
price
scenic
spot
Characteristic 6: To be more economical
Luxury Hotel (Four
stars and above)
Social
hotel
Year2012
Year2013
Characteristic 7: More daily consumption
ticket transpo
rtation
cate
ring
shopp
ing
recreat
ion
lodg
ing
others
others
sightseeing
recreation
catering
hotel
consumption
shopping
Clothes Artificial
product
Cosmetic Appliances Food Others Personal
Care
Products
Jewelry
Year2012
Year2011
3. The impact of Chinese outbound tourism
on destinations
Influence: Promotion for world tourism
industry and destinations
19.62%: Chinese outbound overnight tourists’ contribution to world
tourism growth.
88亿dollars: Chinese Outbound tourists' consumption in the United
States . Ranked No. 6 , accounting for United States trade exports of
tourism services 5%、 Service trade exports’s1.25%.
10.9万: Chinese tourists creating the number of jobs of United
States . Chinese tourists account for newly increasing US overseas
visitors 20%, The average annual cost more than 210 hundred
million dollars.
Forecast: sustained high speed growth
Outbound market will maintain rapid development momentum.
The coexistence of outbound sightseeing and diverse demand
will persist.
The implementation of “Tourism Law" and other related
measures will boost industrial restructuring and upgrading.
Nationwide Outbound tourist market system is
being formed
Chinese Tourists Global Impact

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Chinese Tourists Global Impact

  • 1. Dr. Song Huilin China Tourism Academy 17 March, 2015 Chinese Tourists Influence the World
  • 2. • The development of Chinese outbound tourism1 • The characteristics of Chinese outbound tourists2 • The impact of Chinese outbound tourism on destinations 3
  • 3. 1. The development of Chinese outbound tourism
  • 4. Factor 1: Steady development of economic society Comparing changes of per capita GDP, per capita disposable income and the number of domestic residents abroad 2000-2012 per capita GDP(Yuan) per capita disposable income (Urban Residents)(Yuan)the number of domestic residents abroad(Million visits)
  • 5. Factor 2:RMB "internal depreciation and external appreciation" 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4 CPI 国内居民出境人数 汇率 the number of domestic residents abroad Exchange rates Comparing changes of CPI, exchange rates and the number of domestic residents abroad 2000-2012
  • 6. Factor 3: Visa facilitation Mutual exemption of visa Simplified visa procedures Sino-US visa swap Long-term visa
  • 7. Reality: China has become the world‘s largest source country of outbound tourism.
  • 8. Reality: China has become the world's largest consuming country abroad. Outbound tourism consumption
  • 9. 2. The characteristics of Chinese outbound tourists
  • 10. Characteristic 1: remote destinations achieve significant increase. Top 15 Chinese outbound tourism destination in 2013 Growth rate Hong Kong Macau Korea Thai land Tai wan USA Jap an Viet na m Cam bodi a Mala ysia Sin gap ore Rus sia Indon esia Aus trali a Can ada Year 2013
  • 11. Characteristic 2: younger and highly educated 54% 46% 32%: Mainland tourists to visit Hong Kong, China ; 46.3%: Mainland tourists to Taiwan, China ; 44.3%: Chinese tourists to the United States Age distribution Aged 60 and above Aged 45-60 Aged 35-44 Aged 25-34 Aged 15-24 Aged 15 and below Bachelor degree39.82% Master and above5.08% Technical college school record29.36% high school diploma 22.79% Primary school education 2.95%
  • 12. Characteristic 3:The increasing Chinese outbound tourism promotes the development of the free itinerary travel. 61.36%:the proportion of Chinese outbound tourists repeatedly ( China Tourism Academy survey data ) 71%: the proportion of revisiting overnight visitors from mainland to Hong Kong ( Hong Kong Tourism Board data ) 54%: the proportion of Chinese tourists revisiting the United States ( US Ministry of Commerce data )。 Comparing the scale of Chinese outbound group travel and free itinerary travel visitors in2002 The scale of free itinerary travel visitors 66% The scale of group travel tourists 34%
  • 13. Characteristic 4: The emphasis on the family Family Trip Together Company traveling with a group Friends travel Online togeth er traveli ng Indepe ndent travel Instituti ons colleag ues travel Travel Alone Others Year2012 Year2013
  • 14. Characteristic 5: Lifestyle pursuit Life Sightseeing tours: Finding differentiated travel space Leisure Travel: Finding similarities experience space Short period of living in different places Sightseeing Leisure the content of outbound tourists concerning about in 2013 others recreation shopping folk custom lodging transporta tion price scenic spot
  • 15. Characteristic 6: To be more economical Luxury Hotel (Four stars and above) Social hotel Year2012 Year2013
  • 16. Characteristic 7: More daily consumption ticket transpo rtation cate ring shopp ing recreat ion lodg ing others others sightseeing recreation catering hotel consumption shopping Clothes Artificial product Cosmetic Appliances Food Others Personal Care Products Jewelry Year2012 Year2011
  • 17. 3. The impact of Chinese outbound tourism on destinations
  • 18. Influence: Promotion for world tourism industry and destinations 19.62%: Chinese outbound overnight tourists’ contribution to world tourism growth. 88亿dollars: Chinese Outbound tourists' consumption in the United States . Ranked No. 6 , accounting for United States trade exports of tourism services 5%、 Service trade exports’s1.25%. 10.9万: Chinese tourists creating the number of jobs of United States . Chinese tourists account for newly increasing US overseas visitors 20%, The average annual cost more than 210 hundred million dollars.
  • 19. Forecast: sustained high speed growth Outbound market will maintain rapid development momentum. The coexistence of outbound sightseeing and diverse demand will persist. The implementation of “Tourism Law" and other related measures will boost industrial restructuring and upgrading. Nationwide Outbound tourist market system is being formed

Editor's Notes

  1. 今天我跟大家分享的题目是中国游客影响世界,我国出境游正步入高速增长黄金时代。2014年是中国出境游历史性的一年,我国内地出境旅游首次突破1亿人次。签证便利及国家各项利好措施的实施,加之国人出境游需求旺盛及强大的消费能力,中国已逐渐成为世界多个热门旅游目的地国家的最大客源国之一。
  2. 大家现在可以从这张图上看到,其实支撑中国出境市场的最大的力量就是中国经济和社会持续稳定的发展,从这张表上可以看到,中国的出境旅游的人数增长的趋势基本上是和中国的人均GDP的变化是同步的,可以说正是由于中国人均GDP的不断地增长,带动了中国出境市场的快速的增长。
  3. 当然,在这个里头还有很多其他的因素,比较明显的一个因素就是人民币的外升内贬对于中国出境市场的一个促进,大家也知道2013年是中国的人民币的升值年,在2013年一年之内,人民币升值的次数达到了41次,人民币升值的幅度和2012年相比是2012年的三倍。在这样一个升值的幅度之下,中国老百姓在境外的消费能力是增强了,也就是说我们口袋里头这个钱值钱了,相对于人民币对外的升值而言,人民币随着我们CPI不断地上涨,可以说在国内的消费能力相比是不断下降的。在这样一个内升外贬的双向的结合之下,更多的人决定愿意在境外进行消费,愿意在境外进行旅游。
  4. 一是与近90个国家缔结了各类互免签证协定,与39个国家签订53个简化签证手续协定。二是经过积极争取,37个国家和地区单方面给予中国公民落地签证待遇,8个国家和地区单方面允许中国公民免签入境。三是努力扩大中国公民APEC商务旅行卡持卡量,目前居区域内各经济体第一位。四是中美双方就互为对方商务、旅游和留学人员颁发长期多次签证达成了共识;中国和加拿大刚就互发有效期最长为10年的签证达成一致。此外,还通过推进签署双边领事条约,加快增设海外领事机构等措施,从法律制度、领事服务等各方面为中国公民“走出去”保驾护航。
  5. 在这样一个发展的背景之下,中国现在已经成为世界上第一大出境游的客源地,2014年中国的出境人数已经超过1亿人次。
  6. 从境外消费来看呢,2014年中国游客在海外消费达到了创纪录的1648亿美元(折合1万多亿元人民币),占全球游客海外消费的27%,位居全球第一。1万亿是什么概念?比海南、宁夏、青海和西藏这几个省份的GDP总和还要多,这个数字绝对可以用“巨额”来形容。2014年中国消费者买走了全球近一半的奢侈品,但76%的奢侈品消费发生在境外。所以可以说中国的出境市场是非常非常巨大的市场。从横向的比较来看,在2012年的时候,中国的出境消费已经超过了德国和美国,成为了世界第一。从这张表上大家也可以看到在2013年中国和其他国家出境消费上的差距是进一步拉大的,也就是说中国出境消费第一的地位进一步地巩固了。
  7. 我们从出境市场的特征来看,虽然在预算的约束和追求效用最大化的过程当中,中国游客还是倾向于选择一些近程的目的地,包括像港澳台地区,日本、韩国、东南亚一些地区,我们从去年的增长当中可以明显地看到,除了像泰国,因为《泰囧》这部电影在中国的火爆,推动了赴泰国的大幅增长以外,我们可以看到像美国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、加拿大这样一些相对远程的市场在去年都获得了大幅的增长,特别是像美国、加拿大,还有澳大利亚都实现了10%以上的增长的幅度,中国游客的足迹是越来越远了。
  8. 出游的人是什么样的群体呢?我们首先从年纪来看,在34岁以下的这部分游客已经占到了我们整个出境人数的54%,这是什么样一个概念呢?也就是说中国超过一半以上的出境市场都是由80后组成的。也就是说80后的年轻的群体正在成为中国出境市场的主力,这个数据我们也可以在一些目的地的报告里头得到印证。我们可以看到左边这张图上画红线的是25岁到34岁的这部分年轻人,这部分人在内地赴香港的市场当中占到了32%的比例,在赴台湾的游客当中,25岁到34岁的年轻人占到了46.3%的比例,将近50%了,在赴美国的,可能相对比较高端、相对比较远程的目的地当中,年轻人的比例仍然是很高的。另外,我们可以从游客的教育结构里面可以看到,在右边的这张饼图上可以看到,大专以及大学,盖有研究生以上文化的比例的人群占比是非常地高的,我们把这两个现象放在一起归纳了一下,现在出游人群是以文化青年为主,现在网上有一句笑话,叫做得屌丝者得天下。出境市场抓住了有文化的这部分屌丝也就抓住了出境市场的主体。
  9. 虽然中国的出境市场发展的时间并不是很长,从90年代开始一直到现在,只有二三十年的时间,但是在这个市场虽然很短暂的发展的历程当中,这个市场非常快速地在成熟。成熟的一个标志就是多次的出境游客的比例在不断地上升。从我们中国旅游研究院每个季度定期调查的数据当中可以看到,中国多次出境的游客比例已经超过了60%,对于一些目的地而言这个比例更高,像内地赴香港的这部分游客的话,有70%以上的游客是多次去香港旅游的,赴美国旅游的这部分游客有50%以上的游客也是重游美国的,从2012年国家旅游局所公布的中国出境组团的游客和自由行的游客对比,我们也可以看出多次出境的游客比例不断上升,自由行游客比例的大幅提高,从现在的自由行和团队游客的比例可以看到,大概是三分之二的游客是采用的自由行的形式,只有三分之一的游客是采用的组团的形式。也正是在这样的一个自由行的游客比例不断地提升的过程当中,我们也看到了像环境国旅、中青国旅、凤凰国旅这样的旅行社不断地推出自由行和半自由行这样的产品,也看到了像马蜂窝这样的一批在线旅游企业在努力地通过商业模式的创新来迎合这个需求的变化。
  10. 在出游的过程当中中国们是非常强调伦理和亲情的民族,出游的过程当中,中国游客也倾向于选择和家人一起出游,和好友结伴一起出游。
  11. 随着市场的不断成熟,我们也关注到出境游客在搜索目的地信息的目的性也发生了明显的改变,虽然最多的中国出境游客最关注的还是景点的信息,但是像一些民俗风情的信息,像一些购物的信息,包括交通的信息都已经成为中国出境游客在搜索相关内容的时候主要关注的对象,我们把这些信息总结一下都指向了生活,旅游如果从观光的角度来讲是寻求异地的差异化的游赏空间,如果是休闲的旅游的话,他需要寻找相似的体验空间。在中国游客从观光旅游向休闲旅游度假转变的过程当中,他们更希望在境外能够体验一段短期的相似,但是又相同的这样一种异域的生活。
  12. 刚刚也跟大家介绍了中国的出境游客还是年轻的,年轻也就意味着他在消费上相对的考虑是比较经济的选择。在酒店的选择上呢,中国的出境游客是倾向于选择中等价位的酒店,如果能够选择到经济型更便宜的酒店当然是更好了,在花费的主体上我们也可以看到,其实花费在五千元到一千元之间的这部分群体也是占比非常高的。
  13.  随着消费模式的经济,在购物上的消费规模也在不断地削减,左上角这个图是中国旅游研究院的调查,从这张图上可以看到,购物的花费还是中国出境游客在境外消费的时候最高的消费项目。右上角的这个图是中国内地游客在香港的消费,我们可以看到在香港的消费70%以上的比例是贡献给了购物。但是我们可以看到,虽然这个购物还是中国游客的第一选择,还是中国游客花费最多的项目,但是我们的消费内容是在转变的,因为随着中国出境游客的数量不断地增长,随着多次出行的比例不断地提升,大家不再像以前一样出去大包小包地给我的七姑八姨带这样的手表、那样的项链了,更倾向于买一些有目的地特色的日常的产品。从下面这张图可以看到,中国游客在香港更多地会倾向于选择一些时尚的衣服,更多地会倾向于选择一些日常用得化妆品,也会选择一些我们平时消费的食品和酒类。所以这样的一种消费项目的趋向,就导致了每个人消费的规模是在不断地缩减的。
  14. 这么大的市场,还有这么大的消费,可以说中国对于世界旅游业和目的地的社会经济发展的促进作用也是非常地明显的,根据我们的测量,中国的出境过亿的游客为世界旅游业增长的贡献达到了19.62%,也就是说将近20%的世界旅游业的增长是由中国的出境过亿游客决定的,从目的地而言数据也是非常可观的,2012年中国游客在美国的消费达到了88亿美元,这个数量是在美国入境的游客当中排名第六。88亿美元占到了美国的旅游服务贸易出口的5%,服务贸易出口的1.25%。美国白宫不久前公布的一份文件显示,自2008年以来,中国游客占美国新增海外游客的20%,年均花费超过210亿美元,为美国创造了10.9万个就业岗位。而且,目前中国游客赴美的比例还不到2%,增长潜力巨大。预计2021年,赴美旅游的中国公民将达到730万人次,带来850亿美元收入,支持44万就业岗位。随着中国人生活水平提高,持续不断的中国游客将刺激和支持美国扩大对内投资,改善基础设施条件。
  15.  综合对于中国的出境旅游所发展的环境的判断,我们认为出境市场仍然将保持快速增长的态势,在市场快速变化的过程当中,我们也知道虽然中国的出境市场已经很大了,相对于我们这么大,因为有13亿人口的国家而言,我们出境游的比例还是比较低的,在未来很长一段时间之内,我们拥有那么多目的地,拥有那么多还没有出去过的一些游客,所以我们认为观光还是会是一种主导,在以观光为主导的背景之下,多样化的出境需求也会快速地增长。另外,从客源市场的发展来看,中西部地区的潜力会越来越大,旅游法的措施也会对中国的出境旅游会有影响。但我们总体来看,短期可能会有一些结构性的调整,从长期来看肯定是促进这个市场良性发展的,所以我们会相信在旅游法的实施的帮助之下,出境旅游会得到更好的发展。