This document discusses child labor in Bangladesh and its impact on Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). It defines child labor and outlines the key causes in Bangladesh such as poverty and economic hardship. National legislation prohibits employment of children under 14, but enforcement is lacking. Statistics from 1995-1996 estimate 6.6 million working children, most in agriculture. While rules prohibit child labor in EPZs, some children are still employed there due to lack of enforcement. NGOs are working to raise awareness and push for a time-bound program to eliminate child labor.

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3. EMPLOYMENT OF CHILD LABOUR IN
BANGLADESH AND ITS IMPACT
ON EPZs AND NGOs
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4. INTRODUCTION
 Globalization
 Economic
integration
 Opportunity of rapid
growth
 Reduction in poverty
level
 Numerous socio-
economic problem
3

5. HYPOTHESIS
 What is child labour?
 What are the causes of child labour in
Bangladesh?
 What is the key statistics of recent child labour
survey in Bangladesh?
 Is there any national legislation and policies
against child labour?
 What is policy of international labour
organization (ilo) against child labour?
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6. HYPOTHESIS
 What are the Rules for child labour in
EPZ?
 What is the Present condition of child
labour in EPZ?
 Do EPZs have Social responsibility against
child labour?
 What are theNGOs movement against
child labour?
 Time bound program to eliminate child
labour
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7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Primary sources
 Secondary sources
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8. AIM
TO STUDY THE EMPLOYMENT OF CHILD
LABOUR PROBLEM IN BANGLADESH AND ITS
IMPACT ON EPZs AND NGOs
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9. SEQUENCE
 DEFINITION OF CHILD LABOUR
 CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR
 NTL LEGISLATIONS AND POLICIES AGAINST
CHILD LABOUR
 KEY STATISTICS OF CHILD LABOUR SURVEY
 ANALYSIS IN LIGHT OF STATISTICS
 POLICIES OF DIFFERENT ORG
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10. SEQUENCE
 Rules of child labour in EPZ
 Present condition at EPZ
 Social responsibility of EPZ
 Ngos movement against child labour
 A time bound prog to eliminate prob
 Research result
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11. DEFINITION OF CHILD LABOUR
 Children of the age of
5-14
 Risky in regards to
the age
 Exploitive in nature
 Conflict with existing
law
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12. CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR
 Supply factor
1. Poverty and economic
hardship
2. Parent’s wrong perception
3. Weak education system
 Demand factor
1. Low cost in employing child
2. Less aware about rights
3. Lower absentee rate
4. Can be employed on daily
basis 11

13. NTL LEGISLATIONS AND POLICIES
 Children’s act 1974
 Children’s rules 1976
 Act discourages occupation of children up
below 14 years of age age at certain works
 Doesn’t purely restricts involvement of child
in all kind of job
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14. KEY STAT OF CHILD LABOUR SURVEY
Characteristics Total Male Female
Child population
5-14 years (000)
34455 17862 16593
Child labour force
(000)
6584 3913 2665
Child labour force by
group (5-9 years & 10-
14 years)
Employer no. (000) 767 434 333
Percent(%) 11.6 11.1 12.3
Number (000) 5817 3485 2332
source: Bangladesh Bureau of statistics (BBS) year 1995-96 13

15. KEY STAT OF CHILD LABOUR SURVEY
Characteristics Total Male Female
Child worker in major
industries (%)
100 100 100
Total 65.4 67.1 00
Agriculture 8.2 9.7 3.0
Manufacturing 1.8 3.0 7.0
Employment status of child
labour
Employee 4.7 6.1 18.6
Self employed 63.5 58.4 2.5
Unpaid family worker 2.0 2.9 71.2
Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS) year 1995-96 14

16. ANALYSIS IN LIGHT OF STATISTICS
 6.6 million of child
working as labour 1995-
96
 19% of total child of
age group 5-14 years
 11.6% of age 5-9 years
 65.4% agriculture
 8.2 manufacturing
 1.8% transport
 14.3% house hold
15
Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS) year 1995-96

17. CHILD LABOUR PARTICIPATION IN
GRAPHICAL VIEW
Child labour Participation at different times age10-14
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Source:
Child labour and school attendance:evidence from Bangladesh by Khanam,

18. CHILD LABOUR PARTICIPATION IN
BAR CHART VIEW
Child labour participation rate as percentage at different period
17
Source: Child labour and school attendance:evidence from Bangladesh by
Khanam, Rasheda

19. POLICY OF DIFFERENT ORGANIZATION
AGAINST CHILD LABOUR
 UNICEF
1. Protection of children
is crucial to their survival
2.Everyone’s
responsibility to keep
children are safe.
 ILO
1. Abolition of Child
labour
2. Children are less than
14 years of age in
industrial activities
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20. RULES FOR CHILD LABOUR IN EPZ
 Worker should not be
below 18 years of age
 BEPZA expects all
investors to follow the age
regulations
 Disciplinary actions for
violations of law
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21.  Presence of child labour in
limited scale
 Workers usually hide age
 No way to check the age
 No birth certificate issued
to new born
 BEPZA is very vigilant
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PRESENT CONDITION OF
CHILD LABOUR AT EPZ

22. NGOs MOVEMENT AGAINST CHILD LABOUR
 BANGLADESH
SHISHU ADHIKAAR
FORUM
 152 NGOs WORK IN
BD
 YPSA, GHASHFUL
AT CHITTAGONG
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23. A TIME BOUND PROGRAM
 Difficult to set time
 General awareness of people
 Govt has to continue with the
incentives for children
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24. RESEARCH RESULT
 Existence of child labour in EPZ
 Not in that Extend to be worried
 NGOs are conducting various
Seminars, symposium to create
the general awareness
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25. CONCLUSIONS
 Child Labour Is Undoubtedly Due to Poverty
 Parents can’t afford children’s need
 Exploitation of workers
 Low living standard
 Low quality of education
 Lack of legal provisions and its enforcement
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26. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Awareness programme may be increased by GO
/NGO
 Increase number of vocational schools for drop out
children
 BEPZA must be vigilant enough to address this
issue
 General awareness in the family may be increased
 Investors should be discouraged
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