This document describes a WebGIS application created to map risk factors for Chigoe flea superinfestation in Kenya. The application was built using ArcGIS Server and published to ArcGIS Online. It allows users to explore social and environmental data related to jigger infestations. The document outlines the data sources used, including land cover maps, rainfall data, and health center locations. It also describes the design of the interactive web map and supporting website to make the information accessible to non-GIS users.
The document summarizes Kelly Wright's Chigoe Flea Eradication Project, which aims to build an interactive web application to help eradicate the Chigoe Flea in Kenya. The flea most often affects peoples' feet in tropical and subtropical areas. It can lead to permanent disfigurement, gangrene, or death if not surgically removed. The web app will enable exploration of social and environmental data layers associated with flea prevalence and aid organizations in routing aid and volunteers. It will be built using ArcGIS Web App Builder and published as a service for use on a webpage.
A presentation by Tuuli Toivonen /Digital Geography Labl /University of Helsinki at the FinBif seminar: Finnish Biodiversity Information for the Benefit of Society, on the 28th September 2017 in Helsinki. https://www.luomus.fi/en/news/invitation-finnish-biodiversity-information-benefit-society-speciesfi-seminar
Garrett Golke has experience working in labs extracting DNA from plant tissues and operating automated equipment. He has also worked in environmental field positions performing aquatic vegetation surveys, implementing biological controls on lakes, and constructing wildlife habitats. Golke obtained a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Science from Concordia University with a GPA of 3.54 and relevant coursework in ecology, biology, chemistry, and geographic information systems.
Day 1_Session3_TRIPS_WASDS_ILRI - This presentation outlines planned ILRI activities for the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems in the West African Sahel and Dry Savannas.
This is a lecture from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This document contains an alphabetical listing of parasites, vectors, and diseases. It includes scientific names, common names, brief descriptions, and in some cases images. An entry on Trypanosoma spp. that cause African trypanosomiasis provides more detail, describing the life cycle and transmission of these parasites by tsetse flies in Africa and the diseases they cause in humans and animals. Entries on the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum and images of the tick at different life stages are also included.
Chiggers are tiny red mites that feed on vertebrate hosts during their larval stage, commonly biting humans in areas where clothing is tight. After transferring to a host, chiggers inject digestive juices and ingest cell contents, causing itchy skin within hours. To prevent chigger bites, closely cover all skin when in infested areas and shower or scrub down afterwards. If bitten, scrub away chiggers and examine skin closely with a magnifying lens. Chemical controls like sulfur mixtures can be used but natural prevention through clothing and hygiene is the least toxic approach.
This document discusses the identification and characteristics of various ticks and mites of veterinary importance. It identifies key genera of ticks, including Amblyoma, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, and Argas, as well as mites such as Psoroptes, Sarcoptes, Demodex, and Tunga penetrans. It describes their life cycles, medical significance as vectors of disease, and potential control methods. The conclusion is that the student successfully identified and explained the ticks and mites and their importance to animal and public health.
The document summarizes Kelly Wright's Chigoe Flea Eradication Project, which aims to build an interactive web application to help eradicate the Chigoe Flea in Kenya. The flea most often affects peoples' feet in tropical and subtropical areas. It can lead to permanent disfigurement, gangrene, or death if not surgically removed. The web app will enable exploration of social and environmental data layers associated with flea prevalence and aid organizations in routing aid and volunteers. It will be built using ArcGIS Web App Builder and published as a service for use on a webpage.
A presentation by Tuuli Toivonen /Digital Geography Labl /University of Helsinki at the FinBif seminar: Finnish Biodiversity Information for the Benefit of Society, on the 28th September 2017 in Helsinki. https://www.luomus.fi/en/news/invitation-finnish-biodiversity-information-benefit-society-speciesfi-seminar
Garrett Golke has experience working in labs extracting DNA from plant tissues and operating automated equipment. He has also worked in environmental field positions performing aquatic vegetation surveys, implementing biological controls on lakes, and constructing wildlife habitats. Golke obtained a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Science from Concordia University with a GPA of 3.54 and relevant coursework in ecology, biology, chemistry, and geographic information systems.
Day 1_Session3_TRIPS_WASDS_ILRI - This presentation outlines planned ILRI activities for the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems in the West African Sahel and Dry Savannas.
This is a lecture from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
This document contains an alphabetical listing of parasites, vectors, and diseases. It includes scientific names, common names, brief descriptions, and in some cases images. An entry on Trypanosoma spp. that cause African trypanosomiasis provides more detail, describing the life cycle and transmission of these parasites by tsetse flies in Africa and the diseases they cause in humans and animals. Entries on the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum and images of the tick at different life stages are also included.
Chiggers are tiny red mites that feed on vertebrate hosts during their larval stage, commonly biting humans in areas where clothing is tight. After transferring to a host, chiggers inject digestive juices and ingest cell contents, causing itchy skin within hours. To prevent chigger bites, closely cover all skin when in infested areas and shower or scrub down afterwards. If bitten, scrub away chiggers and examine skin closely with a magnifying lens. Chemical controls like sulfur mixtures can be used but natural prevention through clothing and hygiene is the least toxic approach.
This document discusses the identification and characteristics of various ticks and mites of veterinary importance. It identifies key genera of ticks, including Amblyoma, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, and Argas, as well as mites such as Psoroptes, Sarcoptes, Demodex, and Tunga penetrans. It describes their life cycles, medical significance as vectors of disease, and potential control methods. The conclusion is that the student successfully identified and explained the ticks and mites and their importance to animal and public health.
Biases in crowdsourced livestock data and its impact on modelling tick distri...ILRI
Poster prepared by Jusper Ronoh Kiplimo, M.N.C. Aarts, W.F. de Boer, Severine van Bommel and Catherine Pfeifer for the CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture Convention, Nairobi, 3-5 October 2018
Developing a national map of livestock routes in Tanzania in order to value, ...ILRI
The document describes the process of developing a national map of livestock routes in Tanzania to value, service, and protect them. It involved 5 steps: 1) collecting background information from government experts on routes and services, 2) detailing the routes on topographic maps, 3) digitizing the map details into a GIS system with help from ILRI, 4) carrying out ground-truthing of the data, and 5) finalizing the national map and sharing the information. The anticipated uses of the map include land use planning, natural resource management, and service delivery for livestock and people, especially during droughts.
The document discusses a case study on human waste management in informal settlements in Eldoret, Kenya. It finds that the majority of residents live in rented housing and rely on poorly constructed and maintained pit latrines for waste disposal. Some facilities are full and discharge into the environment. Higher quantities of waste are generated in informal versus formal settlements. Open defecation is also common. The study recommends connecting settlements to existing sewers where possible, exploiting biogas production, and using properly designed pit latrines according to health and environmental standards.
Perception of Key Informants on Climate Variability, Livestock Diseases, Herd...ijtsrd
1. The key informants perceived changes in climate over the last 20 years in Samburu County, Kenya, including warmer temperatures, more erratic rainfall patterns with earlier or delayed onset, increased drought frequency, and occasional flooding.
2. These climate changes were observed to negatively impact pastoralists' livelihoods through increased livestock disease incidence, loss of livestock and pasture, higher poverty levels, and changing mobility patterns as pastoralists searched further for resources.
3. While most livestock diseases were not directly caused by climate, the increased mobility brought about by climate impacts was seen as facilitating disease transmission between areas. Specific diseases like Rift Valley Fever and Blue Tongue were associated with unusually high rainfall.
assessment of the effectiveness of chilling method in mitigatingIJEAB
An experiment was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity among 9 drumstick tree (Moringaoleifera) accessions in the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were recorded on growth and yield characteristics before and after pruning. The result obtained showed that at 18 weeks after transplanting, accession UAM-NI had the tallest plants (3.63m) while UAM-BE had the shortest mean plant height (2.84m) under no pruning. Other parameters that showed significant differences were number of leaves per tree and stem diameter. Although accession UAM-OY recorded highest fresh (220.22g), dry (113.42g) and leaf powder (82.60g) weights, it was not significantly different from other accessions. However, at 18 weeks after pruning, there was a significant difference among the accessions with regard to leaf length. Although accession UAM-NA recorded highest fresh leaf weight (286.60g), dry leaf weight (90.67g) and leaf powder weight (85.60g), it was not statistically different from other accessions. For the pruned accessions, significant differences were recorded in leaf length, number of flowers/tree, days to podding and fifty percent podding, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, number of seeds/pod, number of seeds/tree and 100seed weight. The result also indicated that the pruned accessions recorded higher leaf yield than the unpruned. The result of the cluster analysis grouped the accessions into two clusters and an outlier both for the pruned and unpruned accessions irrespective of area of collection.
The document provides information from a presentation on rhino surveys conducted in Nepal. It discusses:
1) Rhinos are listed as vulnerable and their largest population of over 2,000 individuals is found in Kaziranga National Park in India. Surveys are important to understand rhino populations, threats, and develop conservation plans.
2) The 2015 survey in Nepal found 645 rhinos, up from 534 in 2011, with the majority located in Chitwan National Park. However, rhino deaths have been increasing, putting the 2020 census numbers at risk of declining.
3) Surveys in Nepal use block counting methods, with blocks systematically searched by teams on elephants to record rhino sightings.
Study of Mobile Phone Gratification Sought and Obtained by Aquaculture Farmer...IJEAB
Mobile phone is strategic in the current effort to improve advisory services delivery and effectiveness of information sharing toenhance aquaculture entrepreneurship for food security, and wealth creation in the country. This prompted the study of mobile phone gratification sought and obtained among table size aquaculture fish food producers through the application of Uses and Gratification Theory. In pursuit of the set objectives, primary data was generated from 100 respondents in Niger State, Nigeria which was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistic tools. Personal profile revealed dominance of aquapreneur by people in middle age categories with mean age of 42 years and 4.5year of experience. Respondents top gratifications sought from mobile phone usage were to be accessible, connected, job accomplishment and socialization whereas obtained gratifications in enterprise were to support adoption of technologies, timely information, linkage to customers, quick response, and access to inputs. It was revealed that respondents had positive antecedent to mobile phone services subscription relating to caller tone, music, news alert, sports, and health. Socio-economic variables that correlate with gratification sought and obtained were marital status, religion, and education at 0.05 level. In view of the finding on responsible usage of mobile phone in aquaculture enterprise, more investment is required develop mobile phone applications and services. To sustain and improve on the benefits derived, respondents need capacity building to acquire more knowledge and skills to effectively participate in advisory services.
An electronic syndromic surveillance system for early detection and control o...ILRI
Poster by Boku Bodha, Halima Katelo, Stephen Basele, Absolomon Kihara, Simon Chuchu, Henry Kiara, George Wamwere-Njoroge and Bernard Bett presented at the Connecting Organizations for Regional Disease Surveillance conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 29 January – 3 February 2018.
This is a Key NOTE Presentation to COP21- EAC Side Event: 4th December 2015.The presentation looks at the changing climate in East Africa and the climate-smart tools available.
Conservation, land rights and livelihoods in north kenyaGian Paolo Pezzi
In the last 15 years, NGOs and other civil society conservation groups have aggressively pursued efforts to bring important wildlife habitats in Northern Kenya under some sort of conservation management in an effort to protect the wildlife populations, while also creating income generating opportunities from conservation. These efforts have targeted wildlife habitatsthat lie outside the Government protected areas, namely parks and reserves. The term ‘community-based conservation’ is used for the in-situ governance structures that are created to implement these conservation initiatives.
The document provides a case study on drought risk management, preparedness and response in Cluster One region of the IGAD region. It includes a contextual analysis of the region which describes it as arid/semi-arid with scarce vegetation dominated by shrubs. The population relies on pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods making them highly vulnerable to frequent and prolonged droughts. Recurrent droughts also often lead to inter-ethnic conflicts over scarce resources. The case study aims to assess spatial-temporal analysis of drought hazard, vulnerability and risk from 2009-2013 using rainfall data, vulnerability maps and population data. It provides relevant policy summaries and lists various data sources that can be utilized for the analysis. The technical
Analysis of current Governance in the Sustainable Management of the Virunga N...AI Publications
This document analyzes governance in the sustainable management of Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It finds that the majority of respondents living near the park are youths under 61 years old and have no collaboration with park management. Most respondents also do not participate in park management. The presence of park governance is highly contested by local communities and needs to be revised to better incorporate local population concerns to improve relationships and trust between locals and park management.
Dairy Production System in Lowland Areas of Gambella, EthiopiaAI Publications
The objective of this study was to identify and assessing the different types of dairy cattle production systems, management practices, marketing and its constraints that exist in the Itang district. A total of 120 households were selected from four kebeles using simple random selection method after identifying the dairy owner from the community using purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, chi-square and ranking were analysed using SPSS statistical package. The majority of producers (63.3%) in the pastoral system produced milk for home consumption, while the majority of mixed crop–livestock producers (40.0%) produced milk for selling purpose. In the mixed crop–livestock system, mostly cereal crop based grazing is the major feed resource but these feed resources were managed in a traditional ways. Almost all respondents in the mixed crop-livestock system (96.5%) and pastoral system (100%) did not supplement their lactating cow with additional feeds. More than 400 cattle herds from 2-3 villages graze together between 10 am to 4 pm daily. The majority of households (68.3%) in the mixed crop–livestock system kept their cattle separately in barn, while other 8.3% of the households did the same in pastoral areas. Constraints for dairy development in the area are diseased condition, thieves, lack of veterinary services, lack of credit, feed and feeding and poor extension services. It can be concluded dairy cattle production in the mixed crop-livestock system was economical and based on mixed agriculture (crops plus livestock) with some fishing activity, mining and wild food collection.
Power to the People: Nature and science benefit when people are engagedConnectingWithTheCrowd
Professor Dan Rubenstein
Class of 1877 Professor of Zoology.
Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
Director, Program in African Studies.
Princeton University
Connecting With The Crowd Conference, London, 16 June 2017
Power to the People: Nature and science benefit when people are engaged
Science is a special way of knowing. But it should not be limited to a professional class of highly educated and skilled people. The earliest naturalists were ordinary people interested in the workings of the world around them. They noticed and recorded abundance patterns of wild forms and noted changes in their status over time. But as the quest for understanding underlying mechanisms and patterns of causation grew and required the use of sophisticated equipment or mathematical modelling, everyday people interested in nature became divorced from a sophisticated science bent on identifying underlying rules. Ironically, today's sophisticated and accessible technological gadgets - from computers to cameras to drones and more - can become the tools that reconnect people with the natural world. Crowdsourcing the analysis of data has helped scientists find patterns that have eluded the cleverest of computer algorithms. Engaging the public via the web enhances people’s self worth and continues to be a great way for arm-chair naturalists to help scientists solve some thorny problems. Swarms of people armed with smartphones scour landscapes snapping pictures of buds bursting or butterflies alighting to help scientists chronicle plant and animal dynamics over spatial and temporal scales unimaginable in the past. While all these activities connect people with the environment and create new scientific knowledge, they are only a beginning. People should and can do much more. In my talk I will champion the notion that truly transforming people to heed the ‘Call of the Wild' and support science as a special way of knowing requires deepening partnerships between professional and amateur researchers. Mentoring volunteers will give them an appreciation of the important issues, the confidence to ask questions, the insights to frame problems and environmental voices to demand action. And when the voices become synchronized they will be hard to ignore, thus generating evidence-based environmental policy and fostering strong and enduring science-society relationships.
Assessing smallholder pig value chains in Uganda: Tools used at the farmers’ ...ILRI
Poster by Emily A. Ouma, Danilo Pezo, Michel Dione, Kristina Rösel, Lawrence Mayega, David Kiryabwire, Gideon Nadiope and Peter Lule presented for the Agrifood chain toolkit conference on livestock and fish value chains in East Africa, Kampala, Uganda, 9-11 September 2013.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
This document summarizes a study that examines the distributional impacts of forest income on household welfare in rural Nigeria. Specifically, it:
1) Uses statistical techniques like the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty index and Gini coefficient to analyze the effects of forest income on poverty and income inequality in rural Cross River State, Nigeria.
2) Employs Heckman's two-step selection model to identify determinants of forest extraction income, such as household characteristics and access to forest resources.
3) Finds that forest income reduces both income inequality and poverty in rural Nigeria, and identifies factors like household size and composition, education level, and community forest membership that influence decisions to engage in and benefit
Analysis of the Usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Acce...AJSERJournal
Owing to the importance of information communication technologies on activities of rural households, this
study analyzed the usage of ICTs in dissemination of agricultural information to smallholder farmers in Kwara state,
Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 210 smallholder farmers which were selected
using both random and systematic sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and chi square were used to analyze
data. The results reveal that the mean age of the farmers was 37.6 years, while 52.9% of the farmers were females. The
three most important ICT tools used by farmers were mobile phone, radio and television. There was relevance and
timeliness in the quality of information through radio and mobile phone, respectively based on farmers’ perception.
However, the major constraints identified by farmers were erratic power supply, high call rates and bad networks.
There was significant relationship between respondents’ age (χ2=17.333., p= 0.010), gender (χ2=32.267., p= 0.000),
education (χ2=122.000, p= 0.000), marital status (χ2=18.467, p= 0.048) and the type of ICTs used in agricultural
information dissemination. The study therefore concludes that ICTs is well used by the farmers. The study recommends
amongst others the need for relevant stakeholders to set up an enabling environment that will enhance economic
development.
Assessing Artificial Insemination Service Effectiveness and Evaluation of Sem...PriyankaKilaniya
This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of artificial insemination and semen quality in the Dodola district of the Oromia region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey with structured questionnaires and a stratified sample approach was used to gather data from 264 smallholder dairy households (168 rural and 96 peri-urban households). Furthermore, 32 frozen semen straws were collected using a random sampling approach to assess the quality of the frozen semen based on handling effectiveness. Additionally, the number of services per conception, non-return rate, and conception rate were determined using retrospective data spanning two years (2020–2021). The survey results show that,30.7% of the dairy farmers in the study area regularly and uninterruptedly receive artificial insemination services, while 69.3% do not, citing a lack of inputs, a shortage of artificial insemination technicians, and service interruptions on weekends and holidays. The overall mean numbers of services per conception, non-return rate, and conception rate in the study area were 2.16, 42.9%, and 45%, respectively. Improper management of liquid nitrogen containers, improper semen deposition in the reproductive tract, neglecting basic AI equipment, and improperly dried straw after removal from warm water thawing were the main issues with semen handling in the study area. The average motility and viability of frozen semen from Source: Laboratory result (2022) was 67.3 ± 5.82 and 78.9 ± 5.77, respectively, but in the district, they were 49.9 ± 5.3 and 59.8 ± 7.4, respectively. According to the results of the survey and experiment, the overall success rate of artificial insemination services was unsatisfactory, with conception failure and improper handling of semen being particularly critical issues that need urgent attention. Therefore, it is important to provide artificial insemination technicians with regular training and sensitization to advance their expertise. However, robust structural integration between logistics centers and supply chains for artificial insemination inputs is necessary to optimize the effectiveness of these services.
Biases in crowdsourced livestock data and its impact on modelling tick distri...ILRI
Poster prepared by Jusper Ronoh Kiplimo, M.N.C. Aarts, W.F. de Boer, Severine van Bommel and Catherine Pfeifer for the CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture Convention, Nairobi, 3-5 October 2018
Developing a national map of livestock routes in Tanzania in order to value, ...ILRI
The document describes the process of developing a national map of livestock routes in Tanzania to value, service, and protect them. It involved 5 steps: 1) collecting background information from government experts on routes and services, 2) detailing the routes on topographic maps, 3) digitizing the map details into a GIS system with help from ILRI, 4) carrying out ground-truthing of the data, and 5) finalizing the national map and sharing the information. The anticipated uses of the map include land use planning, natural resource management, and service delivery for livestock and people, especially during droughts.
The document discusses a case study on human waste management in informal settlements in Eldoret, Kenya. It finds that the majority of residents live in rented housing and rely on poorly constructed and maintained pit latrines for waste disposal. Some facilities are full and discharge into the environment. Higher quantities of waste are generated in informal versus formal settlements. Open defecation is also common. The study recommends connecting settlements to existing sewers where possible, exploiting biogas production, and using properly designed pit latrines according to health and environmental standards.
Perception of Key Informants on Climate Variability, Livestock Diseases, Herd...ijtsrd
1. The key informants perceived changes in climate over the last 20 years in Samburu County, Kenya, including warmer temperatures, more erratic rainfall patterns with earlier or delayed onset, increased drought frequency, and occasional flooding.
2. These climate changes were observed to negatively impact pastoralists' livelihoods through increased livestock disease incidence, loss of livestock and pasture, higher poverty levels, and changing mobility patterns as pastoralists searched further for resources.
3. While most livestock diseases were not directly caused by climate, the increased mobility brought about by climate impacts was seen as facilitating disease transmission between areas. Specific diseases like Rift Valley Fever and Blue Tongue were associated with unusually high rainfall.
assessment of the effectiveness of chilling method in mitigatingIJEAB
An experiment was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity among 9 drumstick tree (Moringaoleifera) accessions in the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Data were recorded on growth and yield characteristics before and after pruning. The result obtained showed that at 18 weeks after transplanting, accession UAM-NI had the tallest plants (3.63m) while UAM-BE had the shortest mean plant height (2.84m) under no pruning. Other parameters that showed significant differences were number of leaves per tree and stem diameter. Although accession UAM-OY recorded highest fresh (220.22g), dry (113.42g) and leaf powder (82.60g) weights, it was not significantly different from other accessions. However, at 18 weeks after pruning, there was a significant difference among the accessions with regard to leaf length. Although accession UAM-NA recorded highest fresh leaf weight (286.60g), dry leaf weight (90.67g) and leaf powder weight (85.60g), it was not statistically different from other accessions. For the pruned accessions, significant differences were recorded in leaf length, number of flowers/tree, days to podding and fifty percent podding, pod length, pod girth, pod weight, number of seeds/pod, number of seeds/tree and 100seed weight. The result also indicated that the pruned accessions recorded higher leaf yield than the unpruned. The result of the cluster analysis grouped the accessions into two clusters and an outlier both for the pruned and unpruned accessions irrespective of area of collection.
The document provides information from a presentation on rhino surveys conducted in Nepal. It discusses:
1) Rhinos are listed as vulnerable and their largest population of over 2,000 individuals is found in Kaziranga National Park in India. Surveys are important to understand rhino populations, threats, and develop conservation plans.
2) The 2015 survey in Nepal found 645 rhinos, up from 534 in 2011, with the majority located in Chitwan National Park. However, rhino deaths have been increasing, putting the 2020 census numbers at risk of declining.
3) Surveys in Nepal use block counting methods, with blocks systematically searched by teams on elephants to record rhino sightings.
Study of Mobile Phone Gratification Sought and Obtained by Aquaculture Farmer...IJEAB
Mobile phone is strategic in the current effort to improve advisory services delivery and effectiveness of information sharing toenhance aquaculture entrepreneurship for food security, and wealth creation in the country. This prompted the study of mobile phone gratification sought and obtained among table size aquaculture fish food producers through the application of Uses and Gratification Theory. In pursuit of the set objectives, primary data was generated from 100 respondents in Niger State, Nigeria which was analysed with descriptive and inferential statistic tools. Personal profile revealed dominance of aquapreneur by people in middle age categories with mean age of 42 years and 4.5year of experience. Respondents top gratifications sought from mobile phone usage were to be accessible, connected, job accomplishment and socialization whereas obtained gratifications in enterprise were to support adoption of technologies, timely information, linkage to customers, quick response, and access to inputs. It was revealed that respondents had positive antecedent to mobile phone services subscription relating to caller tone, music, news alert, sports, and health. Socio-economic variables that correlate with gratification sought and obtained were marital status, religion, and education at 0.05 level. In view of the finding on responsible usage of mobile phone in aquaculture enterprise, more investment is required develop mobile phone applications and services. To sustain and improve on the benefits derived, respondents need capacity building to acquire more knowledge and skills to effectively participate in advisory services.
An electronic syndromic surveillance system for early detection and control o...ILRI
Poster by Boku Bodha, Halima Katelo, Stephen Basele, Absolomon Kihara, Simon Chuchu, Henry Kiara, George Wamwere-Njoroge and Bernard Bett presented at the Connecting Organizations for Regional Disease Surveillance conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 29 January – 3 February 2018.
This is a Key NOTE Presentation to COP21- EAC Side Event: 4th December 2015.The presentation looks at the changing climate in East Africa and the climate-smart tools available.
Conservation, land rights and livelihoods in north kenyaGian Paolo Pezzi
In the last 15 years, NGOs and other civil society conservation groups have aggressively pursued efforts to bring important wildlife habitats in Northern Kenya under some sort of conservation management in an effort to protect the wildlife populations, while also creating income generating opportunities from conservation. These efforts have targeted wildlife habitatsthat lie outside the Government protected areas, namely parks and reserves. The term ‘community-based conservation’ is used for the in-situ governance structures that are created to implement these conservation initiatives.
The document provides a case study on drought risk management, preparedness and response in Cluster One region of the IGAD region. It includes a contextual analysis of the region which describes it as arid/semi-arid with scarce vegetation dominated by shrubs. The population relies on pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods making them highly vulnerable to frequent and prolonged droughts. Recurrent droughts also often lead to inter-ethnic conflicts over scarce resources. The case study aims to assess spatial-temporal analysis of drought hazard, vulnerability and risk from 2009-2013 using rainfall data, vulnerability maps and population data. It provides relevant policy summaries and lists various data sources that can be utilized for the analysis. The technical
Analysis of current Governance in the Sustainable Management of the Virunga N...AI Publications
This document analyzes governance in the sustainable management of Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It finds that the majority of respondents living near the park are youths under 61 years old and have no collaboration with park management. Most respondents also do not participate in park management. The presence of park governance is highly contested by local communities and needs to be revised to better incorporate local population concerns to improve relationships and trust between locals and park management.
Dairy Production System in Lowland Areas of Gambella, EthiopiaAI Publications
The objective of this study was to identify and assessing the different types of dairy cattle production systems, management practices, marketing and its constraints that exist in the Itang district. A total of 120 households were selected from four kebeles using simple random selection method after identifying the dairy owner from the community using purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, chi-square and ranking were analysed using SPSS statistical package. The majority of producers (63.3%) in the pastoral system produced milk for home consumption, while the majority of mixed crop–livestock producers (40.0%) produced milk for selling purpose. In the mixed crop–livestock system, mostly cereal crop based grazing is the major feed resource but these feed resources were managed in a traditional ways. Almost all respondents in the mixed crop-livestock system (96.5%) and pastoral system (100%) did not supplement their lactating cow with additional feeds. More than 400 cattle herds from 2-3 villages graze together between 10 am to 4 pm daily. The majority of households (68.3%) in the mixed crop–livestock system kept their cattle separately in barn, while other 8.3% of the households did the same in pastoral areas. Constraints for dairy development in the area are diseased condition, thieves, lack of veterinary services, lack of credit, feed and feeding and poor extension services. It can be concluded dairy cattle production in the mixed crop-livestock system was economical and based on mixed agriculture (crops plus livestock) with some fishing activity, mining and wild food collection.
Power to the People: Nature and science benefit when people are engagedConnectingWithTheCrowd
Professor Dan Rubenstein
Class of 1877 Professor of Zoology.
Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
Director, Program in African Studies.
Princeton University
Connecting With The Crowd Conference, London, 16 June 2017
Power to the People: Nature and science benefit when people are engaged
Science is a special way of knowing. But it should not be limited to a professional class of highly educated and skilled people. The earliest naturalists were ordinary people interested in the workings of the world around them. They noticed and recorded abundance patterns of wild forms and noted changes in their status over time. But as the quest for understanding underlying mechanisms and patterns of causation grew and required the use of sophisticated equipment or mathematical modelling, everyday people interested in nature became divorced from a sophisticated science bent on identifying underlying rules. Ironically, today's sophisticated and accessible technological gadgets - from computers to cameras to drones and more - can become the tools that reconnect people with the natural world. Crowdsourcing the analysis of data has helped scientists find patterns that have eluded the cleverest of computer algorithms. Engaging the public via the web enhances people’s self worth and continues to be a great way for arm-chair naturalists to help scientists solve some thorny problems. Swarms of people armed with smartphones scour landscapes snapping pictures of buds bursting or butterflies alighting to help scientists chronicle plant and animal dynamics over spatial and temporal scales unimaginable in the past. While all these activities connect people with the environment and create new scientific knowledge, they are only a beginning. People should and can do much more. In my talk I will champion the notion that truly transforming people to heed the ‘Call of the Wild' and support science as a special way of knowing requires deepening partnerships between professional and amateur researchers. Mentoring volunteers will give them an appreciation of the important issues, the confidence to ask questions, the insights to frame problems and environmental voices to demand action. And when the voices become synchronized they will be hard to ignore, thus generating evidence-based environmental policy and fostering strong and enduring science-society relationships.
Assessing smallholder pig value chains in Uganda: Tools used at the farmers’ ...ILRI
Poster by Emily A. Ouma, Danilo Pezo, Michel Dione, Kristina Rösel, Lawrence Mayega, David Kiryabwire, Gideon Nadiope and Peter Lule presented for the Agrifood chain toolkit conference on livestock and fish value chains in East Africa, Kampala, Uganda, 9-11 September 2013.
Perception of Cattle Herdsmen on the use of Information and Communication Tec...AI Publications
The study was carried out to investigate the perception of cattle herdsmen on the use of information and communication technology in management practice in Akinyele local government of Oyo state. Multistage sampling procedure was used for the study. A total of 164 questionnaire were administered and 135questionnaires were retrieved. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the frequency table, simple percentage, chi square and PPMC (Pearson product moment of correlation).97.8% and 2.2% respectively represent the percentage of male and female respondent. The ages of the respondents were 56years and above (3.7%), 46-55years (5.2%), 36-45years (43.7%), 26-35years (32.6%), 15-25years (14.8%). Majority of the respondents (45.2%) and (72.6%) get information from television and radio set respectively. The result obtained showed that majority of the respondents (63.0%) strongly agreed that the use of ICT promotes productivity while 33.3% of the respondent agreed. Also, 47.4% of the respondent agreed that perception of cattle rearing to the use of ICT for management practices promote farming, 40.7% of the respondent strongly agreed.From the research, respondents see poor power supply, economic barrier, level of education as major constraint.PPMC shows that there was significant relationship between constraints to the use of various ICT tools and perception of the herdsmen (r= 0.944, p=0.000), the level of perception of the herdsmen and the entire hypothesis tested were all significant. Effort should be made by government to improve ways by which the recommended ICT tools can get to the herdsmen so as to enhance their production.
This document summarizes a study that examines the distributional impacts of forest income on household welfare in rural Nigeria. Specifically, it:
1) Uses statistical techniques like the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke poverty index and Gini coefficient to analyze the effects of forest income on poverty and income inequality in rural Cross River State, Nigeria.
2) Employs Heckman's two-step selection model to identify determinants of forest extraction income, such as household characteristics and access to forest resources.
3) Finds that forest income reduces both income inequality and poverty in rural Nigeria, and identifies factors like household size and composition, education level, and community forest membership that influence decisions to engage in and benefit
Analysis of the Usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in Acce...AJSERJournal
Owing to the importance of information communication technologies on activities of rural households, this
study analyzed the usage of ICTs in dissemination of agricultural information to smallholder farmers in Kwara state,
Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 210 smallholder farmers which were selected
using both random and systematic sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and chi square were used to analyze
data. The results reveal that the mean age of the farmers was 37.6 years, while 52.9% of the farmers were females. The
three most important ICT tools used by farmers were mobile phone, radio and television. There was relevance and
timeliness in the quality of information through radio and mobile phone, respectively based on farmers’ perception.
However, the major constraints identified by farmers were erratic power supply, high call rates and bad networks.
There was significant relationship between respondents’ age (χ2=17.333., p= 0.010), gender (χ2=32.267., p= 0.000),
education (χ2=122.000, p= 0.000), marital status (χ2=18.467, p= 0.048) and the type of ICTs used in agricultural
information dissemination. The study therefore concludes that ICTs is well used by the farmers. The study recommends
amongst others the need for relevant stakeholders to set up an enabling environment that will enhance economic
development.
Assessing Artificial Insemination Service Effectiveness and Evaluation of Sem...PriyankaKilaniya
This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of artificial insemination and semen quality in the Dodola district of the Oromia region of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey with structured questionnaires and a stratified sample approach was used to gather data from 264 smallholder dairy households (168 rural and 96 peri-urban households). Furthermore, 32 frozen semen straws were collected using a random sampling approach to assess the quality of the frozen semen based on handling effectiveness. Additionally, the number of services per conception, non-return rate, and conception rate were determined using retrospective data spanning two years (2020–2021). The survey results show that,30.7% of the dairy farmers in the study area regularly and uninterruptedly receive artificial insemination services, while 69.3% do not, citing a lack of inputs, a shortage of artificial insemination technicians, and service interruptions on weekends and holidays. The overall mean numbers of services per conception, non-return rate, and conception rate in the study area were 2.16, 42.9%, and 45%, respectively. Improper management of liquid nitrogen containers, improper semen deposition in the reproductive tract, neglecting basic AI equipment, and improperly dried straw after removal from warm water thawing were the main issues with semen handling in the study area. The average motility and viability of frozen semen from Source: Laboratory result (2022) was 67.3 ± 5.82 and 78.9 ± 5.77, respectively, but in the district, they were 49.9 ± 5.3 and 59.8 ± 7.4, respectively. According to the results of the survey and experiment, the overall success rate of artificial insemination services was unsatisfactory, with conception failure and improper handling of semen being particularly critical issues that need urgent attention. Therefore, it is important to provide artificial insemination technicians with regular training and sensitization to advance their expertise. However, robust structural integration between logistics centers and supply chains for artificial insemination inputs is necessary to optimize the effectiveness of these services.
Assessing Artificial Insemination Service Effectiveness and Evaluation of Sem...
Chigoe Flea Eradication Project
1. Chigoe Flea Eradication Project
Kelly Wright, M.S. Candidate
University of Southern California
Geographic Information Science and Technology
SSCI 591: WebGIS, Dr. Jennifer Swift
Final Project: 03 December, 2015
INTRODUCTION
Tunga penetrans—alsocalledthe sandflea, Chigoeflea,orJigger—isahematophagicinsect whose
gravidfemale parasitizes the skinof itsmammal host. Because itcannotjump as highas a domesticcat
or dog flea,itprimarily infestsitshost’sfeet,livingoff itshost’sbloodandproducingeggswhile
embeddedinsidethe skin.Inadditiontohumans,the Jiggerinfests pigs,dogs,cats,cattle,sheep,
horses,mules,rats, andotherwildanimals.1
Tungiasis isdescribedasanepidermal parasiticskindisease
(EPSD) resultingfrom Chigoe Fleasuperinfestation (Feldmeieretal.2009). Itis a painful, disfiguring,and
debilitatingcondition.While people rarelydie directlyfromaninfestation,itiscommonforthe affected
to sufferfromsecondaryinfectionleadingtogangrene andamputationorlossof fingersand toes. Many
people are unable towalkdue tothe pain associatedwithasuperinfection of T.penetrans.Afflicted
childrenare likelytostopattendingschool due topainfullesions,insomniafromitching,andfearof
persecution andostracism(Njauetal.2012, Heukelbach2005, Feldmeieretal.2002, Feldmeieretal
2014). Removingpurulentmaterial andflearemainswithdirtyneedlesorrazorbladesmayalsoleadto
transmissionof blood-bornepathogenssuchashepatitisBand C virusandHIV (Feldmeieretal.2013).
The purpose of thisprojectis to create a WebGISapplication asto enable userstoexplore and map
social and environmentalriskfactors forChigoe FleasuperinfestationinKenya. Throughsubsequent
applicationdesigns,itisthe author’shope tobe able to map the coverage areas and treatmentefforts
of variousaidgroups,andcollectgeoreferenceddataaboutjiggervictimstobetterunderstandrisk
factors specifictorural Kenya.Esri ArcGIS Serverwill be usedto create thisapp.
Whatbetter use forGIS than improving thelives of millions of people?
STUDY AREA
Firstrecordedbysailorson ChristopherColumbus’ships, T.penetrans isbelievedtohave originatedin
the CaribbeanislandsandCentral America.Through maritimetrade—primarilythe Afro-Caribbeanslave
trade—itwastransportedaroundthe world,where itthrivesinsandy,warmconditions.SouthAmerica,
sub-SaharanAfrica,andtropical regionsof Asiaare the worst afflicted.While T.penetrans isa
worldwide tropical pest,mosthumanitarianaidoccursat the local level. Many studiesandaidprograms
alreadyexistin the vastcountryof Brazil,withsupportfromall administrative levelsof government. Itis
the author’sbelief thatasmallerstudyarea,withdataavailable inEnglish,wouldbe abetterchoice for
thisproject.
1 D.S. Smith, MD, MSc, DTM&H. Tungiasis.Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231037-overview
2. Kenyaisa primarilyEnglish-speakingcountrywhose
decentralizedgovernmentdoesnothave the resourcesor
cooperationathand to effectivelyaddressthe severityof
the Chigoe Fleaproblem—butitdoesalreadyhave over40
Chigoe flea-relatedrelief organizationsoperating
throughoutits47 counties (Feldmeieretal.2013).2,3,4
Kenyaismore politicallystable thanotherwar-tornnations
inthe region,andthe availabilityof dataismuch higher
than itsneighbors. Manyorganizations,NGOsandcharities
inKenyahave embracedthe digital age,andare beginning
to understandthe intrinsicvalue of spatial information.
Approximately4%of Kenya'stotal populationsufferfrom
jiggerinfestation—1.4millionKenyans.The total
populationatrisk—10million—are the veryyoung,elderly,
or physicallyand/ordevelopmentallydisabled. Insome
communities,Jiggerafflictionisbelievedtobe a literal curse andrelativesabandonthe badlyafflicted.
Populationdensitywithinrural areashasincreasedconsiderably inthe lasttwentyyears;coupledwith
the constructionof roads and increasingmobility, thishasledtothe proliferationof uncontrolled
outbreaks(Feldmeieretal.2013).
A NOTE ABOUT KENYA’S ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES:
Figure 2. ArcGIS Desktop showing different administrative boundaries over the last twenty years
2 National Policy Guidelines on Prevention and Control of Jigger Infestations.2014.Division of Environmental
Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya. Retrieved from http://www.jigger-
ahadi.org/National%20Policy%20Guidelines%20for%20Prevention%20and%20Control.pdf
3 Ahadi Kenya Trust. 2011. The jigger menace in Kenya report, vol 2. http://www.ahadi-jigger.org
4 Sole Hope. “What Are Jiggers?” http://www.solehope.org/jiggers/
Figure 1. Kenya, courtesy of Google Maps
3. Rapidand dramaticchangesin administrative boundaries inKenyahave occurred overthe lasttwenty
years.The Ministryof PlanningandNational development,Central Bureauof Statisticsauthoredabrief
historyof the censusinKenya,outliningthe inherentproblems5
inmappingaregioninpolitical flux.The
legacysystemof Provinces,Districts,Divisions,Locations,andsub-locationswascontinuouslyupdated
for overtenyears,meaningthatGIS datasetsproducedinKenyafrom1995-2013 hadwidelyvarying
administrativeboundaries.A variance inenumerationunitsmakesspatialanalysisdifficult;alackof
establishedstandardsindatacollectionoverthisperiodresultedinthe productionof manydatasets
that are nowfunctionallyobsolete. Therefore,itisof the utmost importance todocumentthe datesand
administrativeboundariesinuse when datawascollected.
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
The Web Application6
andWebsite7
forthis
projectwere designedusingaseriesof Esri
programs:
ArcGIS Desktop10.2 and1.3 were used
for data compilation,editing,and
cartographicdesign.
ArcGIS Serverwasusedto registerthe
database withArcGISOnline (AGO)
ArcGIS ServerManagerwas usedto
create a serverenvironmentwithinthe
USC SSCI AGOenvironment.
Afteranalyzingthe service and
reconcilingpublishingerrorsidentified
by the WNSwizard, the map was
publishedto AGOasa WebMap
Service (WMS).Itwas publishedtothe
USC Spatial SciencesOrganizational Account.8
In the USC SSCI environment,the webappwas configured usingArcGISWebAppBuilder.The
organizational accountprovidesgreater flexibilityof designandbetterwidgetoptionsthanthe free
AGO account.
The website, http://www-scf.usc.edu/~kawright/Chigoe/ChigoeEradication.htmlwasdesignedusing
Adobe Creative Cloud’s9
Dreamweaverasthe webeditor.ItcontainsHTML, CSS, JavaScriptand
JQueryelements. Filezilla10
wasusedtouploadfilestothe studentwebserveratUSC.
5 Odhiambo,E.A., Ndilinge,B.M. 2005. Census Cartography:The Kenyan Experience. Ministry of Planningand
National Development, Central Bureau of Statistics.
http://www.cartesia.org/geodoc/icc2005/pdf/oral/TEMA26/Session%203/ODHIAMBO%20E.A.pdf
6 http://uscssi.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=4563a0de487046eb8c74eccfedc94ba0
7 http://www-scf.usc.edu/~kawright/Chigoe/ChigoeEradication.html
8 http://uscssi.maps.arcgis.com/home/index.html
9 http://www.adobe.com/creativecloud.html
10 https://filezilla-project.org/
Build the
Map
Data Discovery
Cartographic Design
Publish
Service to
AGO
Analyze Service
ReconcileErrors
Embed in
Webpage
Test App
4. MicrosoftWindows10 was usedwithnoissue. VMWare,11
inconjunctionwithCisco AnyConnect
Secure MobilityClient,wasusedtoaccessremote virtual machinesinstalledwithArcGISServer.
The site and app were testedinthe followingbrowsers:Chrome Version46.0.2490.86 m, Microsoft
Edge Version20.10240.16384.0, OperaVersion 33.0.1990.115, and Firefox Version40.0.3.
DATA
The followingsiteswere indispensable forthisproject:
GeoNetwork - FoodandAgriculture Organizationof the UnitedNations12
Global Land CoverNetwork –AFRICOVERProject13
OpenData for AfricaWebGIS– Kenya14
KenyaOpenData WebGIS15
Virtual KenyaWebGIS16
WorldResourcesInstitute –KenyaGISData17
GISDATA SOURCES:
Title Multipurpose Landcover Database for Kenya - AFRICOVER
Originator Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations,Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
Abstract The full resolution land cover has been produced from visual interpretation of digitally enhanced high-res
LANDSAT TM images (Bands 4,3,2) acquired mainly in theyear 1995. The land cover classes havebeen
developed usingthe FAO/UNEP international standard LCCS classification system.
Publication Date 04 April 2002 Format Esri Shapefile
Link http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/metadata.show?id=38098&currTab=simple
Title Towns and Urban Centers
Originator Digitized by International Livestock Research Institute, ILRI, GIS group from Kenya topographic sheets scale
1:250,000 for Northern Kenya and 1:50,000 for rest of Kenya from Survey of Kenya
Abstract The coverage shows the towns and urban centres in Kenya derived from the Kenya topographic sheets of scale,
1:250,000 for Northern Kenya and 1:50,000 for the rest of Kenya. There are approximately 1620 towns and
urban centres captured in this layer. Town_id: Unique identification for each town class.Thetowns have been
classified into 6 categories namely: (1) Municipality;(2) Township/Town; (3) Tradingcentre; (4) Market centre;
(6) Lodges/camps; (11) City.
Publication Date August 2000 Format Esri Shapefile
Link http://192.156.137.110/gis/search.asp?id=280
Title Annual Rainfall
Originator Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), National Water Master Plan,Kenya
Abstract This coverage shows the annual rainfall distribution in millimeters per year for Kenya. It was done by the
Japanese International Co-operation Agency (JICA), National Water Master Plan, Kenya. Classification codefor
areas with similar rainfall amounts as follows (2) <200 (3) 200-400 (4) 400-600 (5) 600-800 (6) 800-1200
(7) 1200-1600 (8) 1600-2000 (9) 2000-2400 (10) >2400. Hosted by International Livestock Research Institute.
Publication Date Not Listed Format Esri Shapefile
11 http://www.vmware.com/
12 http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.search?title=africover
13 http://www.glcn.org/activities/africover_en.jsp
14 http://kenya.opendataforafrica.org/
15 https://www.opendata.go.ke/en/
16 http://www.virtualkenya.org/
17 http://www.wri.org/resources/data-sets/kenya-gis-data
5. Link http://192.156.137.110/gis/search.asp?id=318
Title Health Centersin Kenya
Originator Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI/Welcome TrustCollaborativeProgramme, TALA Research Group,
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Ministry of Health and Centre for Tropical Medicine
Abstract This is a coverage showinghealth serviceproviders for Kenya. It shows the relativelocation of health service
providers for Kenya categorised by type and supportingagency.
Publication Date 01 July 2007 Format Esri Shapefile
Link http://192.156.137.110/gis/search.asp?id=426
Title Malaria Endemicity – Zones
Originator PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NMFS, NOAA
Abstract This coverage shows the classification of malarial endemicity in Kenya done at districtlevel by Welcome Trust.
Publication Date 2000 Format Esri Shapefile
Link http://192.156.137.110/gis/search.asp?id=342
Title Census 2009: Population by Sex, Household, Area, Density and District
Originator Kenya National Bureau of Statistics
Abstract Census 2009: Population by Sex, Household,Area, Density and District
Publication Date 29 August 2011 Format Excel Spreadsheet XLSX (Exported)
Link https://www.opendata.go.ke/Population/Summary-Population-Distribution-by-District/3pt4-nkga
Title Primary Schools in Kenya
Originator School MappingDatabase,Ministry of Education, Kenya Open Data, Socrata
Abstract This databasedocuments Primary Schools in Kenya from a 2007 study. Attributes: Name of School,
Level of Education, Status of School, Sponsor of School,Institution Type_1 (Girls Only,Boys Only,Mixed),
Institution Type_2 (Day Only, Day and Boarding,BoardingOnly),Institution Type_3 (Ordinary,Integrated),
Pupil Teacher Ratio,Pupil ClassroomRatio,Pupil ToiletRatio,Total Number of Classrooms,Boys Toilets,
Girls Toilets,Teachers Toilets,Total Boys, Total Girls,Total Enrollment,GOK TSC Male, GOK TSC Female,
Local Authority Male, Local Authority Female, PTA BOG Male, PTA BOG Female, Other Male, Others Female,
Non-Teaching Staff Male, Non-teaching Staff Female, Province,County, District,Division,Location,
Constituency, Latitude, Longitude
Publication Date 2007 Format Database(exported as .xlsx)
Link https://dev.socrata.com/foundry/#/www.opendata.go.ke/ud2q-hvhq
Title 2009 Administrative Boundaries of Kenya
Originator DIVA GIS: University of California,Davis
Abstract This is a shapefileof boundaries in the year 2009.See note on Kenya Administrativeboundaries above.
Publication Date 01 July 2007 Format Esri Shapefile
Link http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata
Title Kenya Poverty Map 1999
Originator International Livestock Research Instituteand the Central Bureau of Statistics,Ministry of Planningand
National Development
Abstract Attributes: Loc_type: Type of location whether rural or urban.Pop_1999:Population accordingto 1999
population and housingcensus.No_poor99: No of poor people 1999 (Individual headcountpoverty).
Pov_dens99: Density of poor people 1999 (poverty density). Pov_rate99: Proportions of poor people below
the poverty line.1999 Pov_gap99: Percentage gap to bridge for the poor to reach the poverty line1999.
Publication Date 2001 Format Esri Shapefile
Link http://192.156.137.110/gis/search.asp?id=428
6. WEB PAGE DESIGN
Simplicityandease-of-usewere the twodrivingfactorsforthis WebGIS. Most usersdo not have a
backgroundinGIS and may notunderstandthe purpose orfunctionof an app.It is forthisreasonthat a
detailedHelpFile wasincludedinthe app(see RESULTS section). The appitselfwasdesignedtokeepall
relatedWidgetstogetheronthe leftof the screen.Map Controlswere onlyinone spot.All iconswere
keptto the leftside of the app.Too many webapplicationsuse vague,stylizediconsthatare not
intuitive tothe average user.
While agreat deal of writteninformationregardingthe projecthasbeendeveloped,itisoverwhelming
to see itdisplayedonacomputerscreen—the large blocksof scientifictextandscholarlycitationsare
off-puttingtomany,andthe overall pointof thisprojectistomake people aware of whata menace the
Chigofleais,notto make themexperts.Forthisreason,backgroundinformationonthe Chigoe fleawas
limitedtoone paragraphat the top of the webpage.
The applicationitselfshouldbe immediatelyseen—it,afterall,isthe maincomponentof thisproject.
However,onthe webpage ithasbeenconstrainedtoasmallercontainerthanfull-screen.The AGOapp
automaticallyresizesondifferentdevices,andwastestedonaniPadAirand an iPhone 4S.
In anotherattempttolimitvisibleinformation,aJQueryscriptwasembedded,calledAccordion18
butat
the time of publishanerror existedinthe JQuerylibrarythat preventingthe accordioncontainerfrom
resizingitscontents.This leaveslarge openspacesonthe webpage and requires the usertoscroll up
and downto see content.Workaroundsare continuingtobe explored.
RESULTS
At the time of publish,the following subsections were atthe website:
What isa Chigoe Flea?
ApplyingGeographicInformationSystemstoStrategicallyManage
the Eradicationof the Chigoe FleainKenya
WebGIS:ExploringRiskFactorsforChigoe FleaInfestation
(embeddedWebGISapplication)
GIS Data Sources
Ecological andClinical Presentation
MappingRiskFactors
DistributingAid,Preventative Treatment,andEducation
Organizingthe Fight
The Powerof VolunteeredGeographicInformation(VGI) and
Mobilizingthe Masses
RelatedWebsites
What are NeglectedTropical Diseases?
How Can I Help?(alistof Chigoe Flea-relatedcharities)
18 https://api.jqueryui.com/accordion/
Figure 3. iPhone 4s WebApp
7. The website canbe viewedat http://www-scf.usc.edu/~kawright/Chigoe/ChigoeEradication.html.
Basic Map Controlsare in the upperleft-handcornerof the map:
Zoom inand out to see more layers,usingthe +/- buttonor the mouse scroll wheel.Asyou
zoomin,differentlayersbecome visible.
The Home icon zoomsthe map outto its full extent.
The Basemap Gallery(four-panesquare) allowsyoutochoose differentmaptypes.National
Geographicisthe default.
The Search bar isjustthat, a search bar.
Figure 4. Full-screen Web App at ArcGIS Online
The black borderon the leftcontainsfive icons,or Widgets.Whenanyof the iconsisclicked,apanel
slidesopentodisplaythe associated application.Eachopenwidgetshowsasafolder"tab"at the top of
the panel:
The Legendonlyshowslayersvisibleatthe currentscale--asyouzoominon the map,different
layerswill appear.
The Layer List (lookslike astackof papers) displays alldataassociatedwiththe webapplication,
includinglayersthatare currentlyturnedoff.Turna layeronor off by checkingor unchecking
the box nextto it.(Remember,some layersare onlyvisiblewhenzoomedin!)
The Query Attribute tool (lookslike afunnel) canbe usedto displayrecordsthatmatcha
specificvalue--explore areaswhere lessthan50mmof rain fallsperyear,or see schoolsthatlack
a toiletbyviewingpre-setqueries.
8. The Measure tool (lookslike aruler) allowsyoutotake an approximate measurementof a
line oran area. Create a line orshape on the map witha start and endmouse click.The default
measure isinkilometers.
The Help feature iswhatyouare readingrightnow!Be sure to visitthe website!
The Analysis tool (lookslike acircle withdotsinit) isa special tool thatperformsvarious
location-basedqueries.Itallowsyoutoquerythe datausingspatial constraints,orproximityto
otherfeatures.Itislocatedonthe map,underthe search bar (See Figure3).The following
Analysistoolsare enabledinthe Widget:
o Calculate Density
o Create Buffers
o Derive NewLocations
o Extract Data
o FindExistingLocations
o FindNearest
o Merge Layers
o OverlayLayers
To easilyviewall Attribute Tables,clickonthe arrow inthe middle of the bottomborderof the
map.Attribute tablesare navigatedastabs.
Figure 5. Web App with Legend and Operational Layers
9. CONCLUSIONS AND LOOKING FORWARD
The goal of thisWebGISwas to enable userstoexplore differentsocial andenvironmental riskfactors
that contribute toTungiasisinKenya.While the datasetsare oldandof differentadministrative
boundaries,the ideaissound.Itishopedthatmore recentGIS data pertinenttothisprojectwill soon
become available,andthroughoutthe publicationprocessotherdatasetswere found,butnot
integrateddue tolackof time. Thisprojectisintendedtobe the firstof three WebGISappsbuilttohelp
combat the Chigoe Flea:
Compile adirectoryof charities,NGOs,andgovernmentagenciesthatprovide publicservice
withregardsto Jiggereradication;designagatewayforregisteringanorganizationwiththe web
service,includingcoverage areaandneeds.Estimatedtime of completion:January2016.
Compile aPPGIS/VGI(potentiallyoffline) componenttothe webappallowingVGItobe
contributedbythe registeredorganizationstobetterorganize andprioritize locationsin
greatestneed.VGIwouldexplore:
o (While patientprivacymustbe of the utmostimportance,individual,) geolocated
patientinformation (Age,sex,education,HIV status,familystatus,time afflicted,repeat
infestations,shelterfloortype,cohabitationwithlivestock,presence of shoes,accessto
water,frequencyof bathing) will be invaluable toresearchersandaidworkersalike.
o GIS trackingthe number, types,anddates of shoesdistributed/needed
o GIS trackingpesticide/repellantdistributed/neededand/ordate applied19
o GIS trackingthe locationsof homesitesinneedof concrete orplasterforfloors
o GIS trackingthe locationsof homesiteswherelivestockcohabitwithresidents
o GIS providingaidworkerswithnearbyareasinneedof humanitarianormedical aid
It isthisauthor’s sinceresthope thatbycombiningthe latestgeo-spatial technologywithprovenfeet-
on-the-groundmethods,thatthe Chigoe fleawill somedaybe referredtointhe past tense. Tobe sure,
in1986 JimmyCarter didn’tbelievethatinonlythirtyyears,Guineawormdisease wouldbe poised to
become the secondhumandisease inhistorytobe eradicated. Withthisand otherglobal andlocal
efforts,maybe the same will be saidof the Jiggerin2045!
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FeldmeierH,Eisele M,VanMarck E, MehlhornH,RibeiroR,HeukelbachJ. (2004) Investigationsonthe
biology,epidemiology,pathologyand control of Tunga penetransinBrazil:IV.Clinical and
histopathology. ParasitolRes.Oct. 94(4):275-282.
Feldmeier,H.,Heukelbach,J.(2009) Epidermal parasiticskindiseases:aneglectedcategoryof poverty-
associatedplagues.Bulletin of theWorld Health Organization.87:152-159. doi:10.2471/BLT.07.047308
19 http://www.who.int/whopes/questions/en/
10. Feldmeier,H.,Heukelbach,J.,Eisele,M.,Sousa,A. Q.,Barbosa, L. M. M. and Carvalho,C.B. M. (2002)
Bacterial superinfectioninhumantungiasis. TropicalMedicine& InternationalHealth,7: 559–564. doi:
10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00904.x
FeldmeierH.,HeukelbachJ.,UgbomoikoU.,SentongoE.,Mbabazi P.,vonSamson-Himmelstjerna,G.,
Krantz I.(2014) Tungiasis—A neglecteddisease withmanychallengesforglobal publichealth. PLoS
Neglected Tropical Diseases,8(10):e3133. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003133
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