The document analyzes data from 1994 and 1995 on domestic violence incidents in Maryland to test several hypotheses using chi-squared tests. It first analyzes knife usage, finding that the frequency of knives did not significantly change between years. It then examines unknown factors, finding they likely played a role. Finally, it looks at morning hours, determining they affected domestic violence occurrence rates. The analyses compared observed incident frequencies to expected frequencies under null hypotheses to calculate chi-squared values, which exceeded critical values, leading to rejection of the null hypotheses in favor of the research hypotheses.
This document presents a sequential approach to loss forecasting that produces a minimum variance estimate. It begins by estimating loss rates for individual historical policy periods. It then weights these rates sequentially based on their variances to incorporate all historical information, with more weight given to periods with lower variance. This approach is applied both to incurred and paid losses to develop two forecasts, which are then combined based on their covariance. The document also explores modeling claims using a Gamma distribution and applying Bayesian updating to forecast losses.
The document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. It defines FMCG as non-durable goods that are sold quickly and at relatively low costs, in large quantities. The FMCG sector in India includes personal care, food and beverages, and household products. It is the 4th largest sector in the Indian economy, with a market size of $13.1 billion that is expected to grow significantly over time. The top FMCG companies in India include Hindustan Unilever, ITC, Nestle India, Amul, Dabur India, and others.
India FMCG Sector Report May 2014
For leading industry jobs, please visit http://iimjobs.com
India is likely to be the world's largest consumer market by 2030, according to a report by global consultancy Deloitte. The country’s retail market is projected to touch US$ 1.3 trillion by 2020, as per Mr KV Thomas, India’s Consumer Affairs Minister. With the online medium of retail gaining more and more acceptance, there is a tremendous growth opportunity for companies (international and domestic) in the retail and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) segment.
The Indian consumer sector can be broadly categorised into urban and rural markets. The bourgeoning sector is attracting global marketers like never before. The pace at which India’s consumer market is changing can be put down to dramatic shifts in consumer behaviour, increasing urbanisation, presence of a strong service sector, changing lifestyle, and most significantly, the expanding retail segment.
Businesses that can cater to the requirements of India's ambitious middle class, keep prices reasonable, build brand loyalty in new consumers, and adapt to a rapidly changing environment will find tremendous rewards in India’s potential-filled consumer market.
India’s urban population has contributed majorly to the growth of the online market in the country. Around 30–40 per cent of the total retail in India’s top 75 cities is expected to be carried out online in the next 7–10 years, said Mr Arvind Singhal, Chairman and Founder, Technopak Advisors. Amazon, the world’s biggest internet retail company, has seen potential in the Indian market. In June 2013, India became only the tenth market where Amazon has established a country-specific retail website.
Italian high-end accessories brand Furla plans to expand its presence in the Indian market, with the government clearing the company’s joint venture with Gurgaon-based Genesis Luxury Fashion. The alliance is expected to invest about Rs 13 crore (US$ 2.08 million) in the first four years to open stores.
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has given the go-ahead to Swedish furniture retailer IKEA's application to enter the Indian industry and establish a single brand retail venture in the country. The projected Rs 10,500 crore (US$ 1.68 billion) FDI would be the largest investment by a foreign brand in the Indian retail sector
This India FMCG Sector Report May 2014 also gives details on:
fmcg industry in india
fmcg industry india latest report
india
india fmcg report
india fmcg report 2013
This document discusses the use of chi-squared tests to analyze domestic violence data from Maryland in 1994 and 1995. It tests several hypotheses about weapon usage, unknown factors, time of day, month, and day of week. The chi-squared tests generally showed significant differences between observed and expected frequencies, allowing the researchers to reject the null hypotheses.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
This document presents a sequential approach to loss forecasting that produces a minimum variance estimate. It begins by estimating loss rates for individual historical policy periods. It then weights these rates sequentially based on their variances to incorporate all historical information, with more weight given to periods with lower variance. This approach is applied both to incurred and paid losses to develop two forecasts, which are then combined based on their covariance. The document also explores modeling claims using a Gamma distribution and applying Bayesian updating to forecast losses.
The document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. It defines FMCG as non-durable goods that are sold quickly and at relatively low costs, in large quantities. The FMCG sector in India includes personal care, food and beverages, and household products. It is the 4th largest sector in the Indian economy, with a market size of $13.1 billion that is expected to grow significantly over time. The top FMCG companies in India include Hindustan Unilever, ITC, Nestle India, Amul, Dabur India, and others.
India FMCG Sector Report May 2014
For leading industry jobs, please visit http://iimjobs.com
India is likely to be the world's largest consumer market by 2030, according to a report by global consultancy Deloitte. The country’s retail market is projected to touch US$ 1.3 trillion by 2020, as per Mr KV Thomas, India’s Consumer Affairs Minister. With the online medium of retail gaining more and more acceptance, there is a tremendous growth opportunity for companies (international and domestic) in the retail and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) segment.
The Indian consumer sector can be broadly categorised into urban and rural markets. The bourgeoning sector is attracting global marketers like never before. The pace at which India’s consumer market is changing can be put down to dramatic shifts in consumer behaviour, increasing urbanisation, presence of a strong service sector, changing lifestyle, and most significantly, the expanding retail segment.
Businesses that can cater to the requirements of India's ambitious middle class, keep prices reasonable, build brand loyalty in new consumers, and adapt to a rapidly changing environment will find tremendous rewards in India’s potential-filled consumer market.
India’s urban population has contributed majorly to the growth of the online market in the country. Around 30–40 per cent of the total retail in India’s top 75 cities is expected to be carried out online in the next 7–10 years, said Mr Arvind Singhal, Chairman and Founder, Technopak Advisors. Amazon, the world’s biggest internet retail company, has seen potential in the Indian market. In June 2013, India became only the tenth market where Amazon has established a country-specific retail website.
Italian high-end accessories brand Furla plans to expand its presence in the Indian market, with the government clearing the company’s joint venture with Gurgaon-based Genesis Luxury Fashion. The alliance is expected to invest about Rs 13 crore (US$ 2.08 million) in the first four years to open stores.
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has given the go-ahead to Swedish furniture retailer IKEA's application to enter the Indian industry and establish a single brand retail venture in the country. The projected Rs 10,500 crore (US$ 1.68 billion) FDI would be the largest investment by a foreign brand in the Indian retail sector
This India FMCG Sector Report May 2014 also gives details on:
fmcg industry in india
fmcg industry india latest report
india
india fmcg report
india fmcg report 2013
This document discusses the use of chi-squared tests to analyze domestic violence data from Maryland in 1994 and 1995. It tests several hypotheses about weapon usage, unknown factors, time of day, month, and day of week. The chi-squared tests generally showed significant differences between observed and expected frequencies, allowing the researchers to reject the null hypotheses.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
The document discusses various AI tools from OpenAI like GPT-3 and DALL-E 2, as well as ChatGPT. It explores how search engines are using AI and things to consider around AI-generated content. Potential SEO uses of ChatGPT are also presented, such as generating content at scale, conducting topic research, and automating basic coding tasks. The document encourages further reading on using ChatGPT for SEO purposes.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
Chi Test
1. Null Hypothesis: The use of knives in domestic violence incidents has significantly
changed during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The use of knives in domestic violence incidents has not
changed during 1994 and 1995.
Our hypothesis is drawn from a sampling that observed 1994 and 1995 aggravated and non-aggravated assault
charges drawn from the Statistical Crime Data for the State of Maryland, c. 1995. The one-way chi-test can be used
to determine whether the frequencies observed differs significantly from an even distribution (or any other distribution hypothesized).
What should the frequency distribution of correct observances look like if the null hypothesis were true? The charts below demonstrate two
categories with the anticipation that 50% of the reported results should fall in each classification. With 20.378 incidents for 1994 and 24.021 for
1995, we should expect 4.08 occurrences (in 1994) and 4.80 occurrences (in 1995) in each Type of Weapon Category. The expected frequencies are
those frequencies that are expected to occur under the term of the Null Hypothesis.
1994 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Type of Weapons fe
Firearm .272 4.08 -3.80 14.44 3.5
Knife .849 4.08 -3.23 10.43 2.6
Other Dangerous 1.423 4.08 -2.66 7.08 1.7
Weapons
Hands, Fists, Feet, .667 4.08 -3.41 11.63 2.9
etc.
Non-Aggravated 17.167 4.08 13.09 171.3 41.9
Total 20.378 52.6
1995 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Type of Weapons fe
Firearm .252 4.80 -2.28 5.19 1.1
2. Knife 1.074 4.80 -3.73 13.91 2.9
Other Dangerous 1.771 4.80 -3.03 9.18 1.9
Weapons
Hands, Fists, Feet, .672 4.80 -4.13 17.06 3.6
etc.
Non-Aggravated 20.252 4.80 15.45 238.70 49.7
Total 24.021 59.2
Null Hypothesis: The use of knives in domestic violence incidents has significantly changed during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The use of knives in domestic violence incidents has not changed during 1994 and 1995.
(Continued)
The chi-squared method allows us to test the significance of the difference between a set of observed frequencies and expected frequencies.
Based on just the observed and expected frequencies, the formula for chi-square is:
(fo - fe)2
X2 = Σ fe
where fo = observed frequency in any category
fe = expected frequency in any category
Our next step is to interpret the chi-square value by determining the appropriate degrees of freedom.
df = k - 1
where k = number of categories in the observed frequency distribution. Our example shows 5 categories (firearms; knives; other dangerous weapons;
hands, fists, feet, etc.; and non-aggravated) in 1994 and 1995:
3. df = 5 - 1 = 4
Now by checking The Critical Value of Chi-Square at the .05 and .01 Chart, we look for the .05 significant level to check 4 degrees of freedom. The
value is 9.488. This is the value that we must exceed before we can reject the null hypothesis. Because our calculated chi-square for 1994 is 52.6 and
for 1995 is 59.2, it is larger than the table value, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the research hypothesis. The observed frequencies do differ
significantly from the expected occurrence for an equal distribution under the null hypothesis for knife usage in domestic violence situations.
In comparing the chi-squared test to our obtained frequencies, the reported sampling did not indicate a perfectly even distribution
(4.08 in 1994 and 4.80 in 1995 for each type of weapon), the degree of unevenness was sufficiently large.
Null Hypothesis: Unknown factors do not play a significant role in
domestic violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: Unknown factors do play a significant role in
domestic violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
This hypothesis was also taken from a sampling that observed 1994 and 1995 unknown factors in
domestic violence drawn from The Statistical Crime Data for the State of Maryland, c. 1995.
Again, the one-way chi-test will be used to determine whether the frequencies observed differs
significantly from an even distribution (or any other distribution hypothesized).
We want to demonstrate if this frequency distribution for unknown factors shows if the null
hypothesis is true? The charts below demonstrate two categories with the anticipation that 50% of
the reported results should fall in each classification. With 20.378 incidents for 1994 and 24.021
incidents for 1995, we should expect .926 occurrences (in 1994) and 1.091 occurrences (in 1995)
for each year’s Circumstances Category. The expected frequencies are those incidents that are
expected to occur under the term of the Null Hypothesis.
1994 (In fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Hundreds)
6. Mental .110 1.091 -.981 .962 .9
Imbalance
Money 1.043 1.091 .048 2.304 2.1
Children 1.181 1.091 .09 8.1 7.4
Property .963 1.091 -.128 .016 .0
Relative .202 1.091 -.889 .790 1.4
Sex .224 1.091 -.867 .752 .7
Hobby .011 1.091 -1.08 1.166 .1
T.V. .061 1.091 -1.03 1.061 .9
Separation .901 1.091 .19 .036 .0
Divorce .162 1.091 .929 .863 .8
Reconciliation .037 1.091 1.054 1.111 1.0
Out Late .510 1.091 -.581 .338 .3
Other 2.877 1.091 1.786 3.190 2.9
Unknown 10.033 1.091 8.942 79.96 73.29
Total 24.021 101.29
Null Hypothesis: Unknown factors do not play a significant role in
domestic violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
7. Research Hypothesis: Unknown factors do play a significant role in
domestic violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
(Continued)
The chi-squared method allows us to test the significance of the difference between a set of observed frequencies and expected frequencies.
Based on just the observed and expected frequencies, the formula for chi-square is:
(fo - fe)2
X2 = Σ fe
where fo = observed frequency in any category
fe = expected frequency in any category
Our next step is to interpret the chi-square value by determining the appropriate degrees of freedom.
df = k - 1
where k = number of categories in the observed frequency distribution. Our example shows 22 categories (Alcohol, Drugs, Food/Cooking, Friends,
Gambling, Household Chores, Infidelity, Employment/Job, Mental Imbalance, Money, Children, Property, Relative, Sex, Hobby, T.V., Separation,
Divorce, Reconciliation, Out Late, Other and Unknown) in 1994 and 1995:
df = 22 - 1 = 21
Now by checking The Critical Value of Chi-Square at the .05 and .01 Chart, we look for the .05 significant level to check 21 degrees of freedom. The
value is 32.671. This is the value that we must exceed before we can reject the null hypothesis. Because our calculated chi-square for 1994 is 78.5
and for 1995 is 101.29, it is larger than the table value, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the research hypothesis. The observed frequencies do
differ significantly from the expected occurrence for an equal distribution under the null hypothesis for unknown factors in domestic violence
situations.
In comparing the chi-squared test to our obtained frequencies, the reported sampling did not indicate a perfectly even distribution (.926 in 1994 and
1.091 in 1995 for each circumstance), the degree of unevenness was sufficiently large.
8. Null Hypothesis: The morning hours have an effect on domestic violence
during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The morning hours have no effect on domestic
violence during 1994 and 1995.
The above hypothesis was also taken from a sampling that observed domestic violence’s 1994 and
1995 incidents occurring in the morning hours. This sample was also drawn from The Statistical
Crime Data for the State of Maryland, c. 1995. Again, the one-way chi-test will be used to
determine whether the frequencies observed differs significantly from an even distribution (or any
other distribution hypothesized).
We want to demonstrate if this frequency distribution for the morning hours shows if the null
hypothesis is true? The charts below demonstrate two categories with the anticipation that 50% of
the reported results should fall in each classification. With 76.95 incidents for 1994 and 93.57
incidents for 1995, we should expect 6.41 morning occurrences (in 1994) and 7.80 morning
occurrences (in 1995) for each year’s Morning Hours Category. The expected frequencies are those
incidents that are expected to occur under the term of the Null Hypothesis.
1994 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Morning Hours fe
12:00 A.M. 9.85 6.41 3.44 11.83 1.8
1:00 A.M. 10.6 6.41 4.19 17.56 2.7
2:00 A.M. 8.34 6.41 1.93 3.72 .6
3:00 A.M. 6.38 6.41 -.03 9 1.4
10. 7:00 A.M. 4.17 7.8 -3.63 13.2 1.7
8:00 A.M. 5.45 7.8 -2.35 5.52 .7
9:00 A.M. 7.22 7.8 -.58 .34 0
10:00 A.M. 9.34 7.8 1.54 2.37 .3
11:00 A.M. 10.41 7.8 2.61 6.81 .9
Total 93.57 22.3
Null Hypothesis: The morning hours have an effect on domestic violence
occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The morning hours have no effect on domestic
violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
(Continued)
The chi-squared method allows us to test the significance of the difference between a set of observed frequencies and expected frequencies.
Based on just the observed and expected frequencies, the formula for chi-square is:
(fo - fe)2
X2 = Σ fe
where fo = observed frequency in any category
fe = expected frequency in any category
Our next step is to interpret the chi-square value by determining the appropriate degrees of freedom.
11. df = k - 1
where k = number of categories in the observed frequency distribution. Our example shows 12 categories (from 12:00 a.m. until 11:00 a.m.) in 1994
and 1995:
df = 12 - 1 = 11
Now by checking The Critical Value of Chi-Square at the .05 and .01 Chart, we look for the .05 significant level to check 11 degrees of freedom. The
value is 19.675. This is the value that we must exceed before we can reject the null hypothesis. Because our calculated chi-square for 1994 is 14.7
and for 1995 is 22.3, it is smaller than the table value, we accept the null hypothesis and reject the research hypothesis. The observed frequencies do
not differ significantly from the expected occurrence for an equal distribution under the null hypothesis for morning incidents in domestic violence
situations.
In comparing the chi-squared test to our obtained frequencies, the reported sampling did indicate a perfectly even distribution (6.41 in 1994 and 7.8
in 1995 for each circumstance) for the Morning Hours Category in 1994. However, comparing the chi-squared test to our obtained frequencies for the
Morning Hours Category in 1995, the reported sampling did not indicate a perfectly even distribution (6.41 in 1994 and 7.8 in 1995 for each
circumstance) the degree of unevenness was significantly large.
Null Hypothesis: The afternoon hours have an effect on domestic
violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The afternoon hours have no affect on domestic
violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
The above hypothesis was also taken from a sampling that observed domestic violence 1994 and
1995 incidents occurring in the afternoon hours. This sample was also drawn from The Statistical
Crime Data for the State of Maryland, c. 1995. Again, the one-way chi-test will be used to
determine whether the frequencies observed differs significantly from an even distribution (or any
other distribution hypothesized).
We want to demonstrate if this frequency distribution for the afternoon hours shows if the null
hypothesis is true? The charts below demonstrate two categories with the anticipation that 50% of
the reported results should fall in each classification. With 76.95 incidents for 1994 and 93.57
12. incidents for 1995, we should expect 5 morning occurrences (in 1994) and 6 morning occurrences
(in 1995) for each year’s Afternoon Hours Category. The expected frequencies are those incidents
that are expected to occur under the term of the Null Hypothesis.
1994 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Afternoon Hours fe
12:00 P.M. 8.17 10.57 -2.4 5.76 .5
1:00 P.M. 6.79 10.57 -3.78 14.29 1.4
2:00 P.M. 9.43 10.57 -1.14 1.3 .1
3:00 P.M. 9.89 10.57 -.068 .46 0
4:00 P.M. 9.99 10.57 -.58 .34 0
5:00 P.M. 8.87 10.57 -1.7 2.89 .3
6:00 P.M. 10 10.57 -.57 .32 0
7:00 P.M. 11.58 10.57 1.01 1.02 .1
8:00 P.M. 11.93 10.57 1.36 1.85 .2
9:00 P.M. 12.57 10.57 2 4 .4
10:00 P.M. 13.98 10.57 3.41 11.63 1.1
11:00 P.M. 13.63 10.57 3.06 9.36 .9
Total 76.95 5
1995 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
13. Afternoon Hours
fe
12:00 P.M. 10.42 12.22 -1.8 25.9 .3
1:00 P.M. 8.09 12.22 -4.13 28.8 1.4
2:00 P.M. 10.05 12.22 -2.17 8.41 .4
3:00 P.M. 10.66 12.22 -1.56 .04 .2
4:00 P.M. 10.43 12.22 -1.79 8 .3
5:00 P.M. 10.05 12.22 -2.17 16 .4
6:00 P.M. 11.61 12.22 -.61 19 0
7:00 P.M. 13.21 12.22 .99 13.2 0
8:00 P.M. 14.34 12.22 2.12 5.52 .4
9:00 P.M. 15.23 12.22 3.01 .34 .7
10:00 P.M. 16.08 12.22 3.86 2.37 1.2
11:00 P.M. 16.47 12.22 4.25 6.81 .7
Total 146.64 6
Null Hypothesis: The afternoon hours have an effect on domestic
violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The afternoon hours have no effect on domestic
violence occurrences during 1994 and 1995.
14. (Continued)
The chi-squared method allows us to test the significance of the difference between a set of observed frequencies and expected frequencies.
Based on just the observed and expected frequencies, the formula for chi-square is:
(fo - fe)2
X2 = Σ fe
where fo = observed frequency in any category
fe = expected frequency in any category
Our next step is to interpret the chi-square value by determining the appropriate degrees of freedom.
df = k - 1
where k = number of categories in the observed frequency distribution. Our example shows 12 categories (from 12:00 p.m. through 11:00 p.m.) in
1994 and 1995:
df = 12 - 1 = 11
Now by checking The Critical Value of Chi-Square at the .05 and .01 Chart, we look for the .05 significant level to check 11 degrees of freedom. The
value is 19.675. This is the value that we must exceed before we can reject the null hypothesis. Because our calculated chi-square for 1994 is 5 and
for 1995 is 6, it is smaller than the table value, we accept the null hypothesis and reject the research hypothesis. The observed frequencies do not
differ significantly from the expected occurrence for an equal distribution under the null hypothesis for morning incidents in domestic violence
situations.
In comparing the chi-squared test to our obtained frequencies, the reported sampling did indicate a perfectly even distribution (10.57 in 1994 and
12.22 in 1995 for each circumstance).
Null Hypothesis: The months of the year have an effect on domestic
violence during 1994 and 1995.
15. Research Hypothesis: The months of the year have no affect on domestic
violence during 1994 and 1995.
The above hypothesis was also taken from a sampling that observed domestic violence 1994 and
1995 incidents occurring in the month of the year. This sample was also drawn from The Statistical
Crime Data for the State of Maryland, c. 1995. Again, the one-way chi-test will be used to
determine whether the frequencies observed differs significantly from an even distribution (or any
other distribution hypothesized).
We want to demonstrate if this frequency distribution for the month of the year shows if the null
hypothesis is true? The charts below demonstrate two categories with the anticipation that 50% of
the reported results should fall in each classification. With 20.378 incidents for 1994 and 24.021
incidents for 1995, we should expect 1.7 monthly occurrences (in 1994) and 2 monthly occurrences
(in 1995) for each of the year’s Month of the Year Category. The expected frequencies are those
incidents that are expected to occur under the term of the Null Hypothesis.
1994 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Month of Year fe
January 1.542 1.7 -.158 .03 .014
February 1.486 1.7 -.214 .05 .027
March 1.734 1.7 .034 .001 0
April 1.710 1.7 .01 0 0
May 1.690 1.7 -.01 0 0
16. June 1.705 1.7 .005 0 0
July 1.822 1.7 .122 .01 0
August 1.812 1.7 .112 .01 0
September 1.834 1.7 .134 .02 0
October 1.804 1.7 .104 .01 0
November 1.666 1.7 .034 .001 0
December 1.573 1.7 .127 .02 0
Total 20.378 .041
1995 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Month of Year fe
January 1.937 2 -.063 .001 .005
February 1.526 2 -.474 .224 .112
March 1.941 2 -.059 .002 .001
April 1.906 2 -.094 .001 .005
May 2.128 2 .128 .02 .01
June 2.046 2 .046 2.12 1.06
July 2.277 2 .277 .08 .139
August 2.181 2 .181 .03 .015
17. September 2.003 2 .003 0 0
October 1.986 2 -.014 0 0
November 1.918 2 -.082 .006 .003
December 2.172 2 .172 .029 .015
Total 24.021 1.365
Null Hypothesis: The months of the year have an effect on domestic
violence during 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The months of the year have no effect on domestic
violence during 1994 and 1995.
(Continued)
The chi-squared method allows us to test the significance of the difference between a set of observed frequencies and expected frequencies.
Based on just the observed and expected frequencies, the formula for chi-square is:
(fo - fe)2
X2 = Σ fe
where fo = observed frequency in any category
fe = expected frequency in any category
Our next step is to interpret the chi-square value by determining the appropriate degrees of freedom.
df = k - 1
where k = number of categories in the observed frequency distribution. Our example shows 12 categories (from January through December) in 1994
and 1995:
18. df = 12 - 1 = 11
Now by checking The Critical Value of Chi-Square at the .05 and .01 Chart, we look for the .05 significant level to check 11 degrees of freedom. The
value is 19.675. This is the value that we must exceed before we can reject the null hypothesis. Because our calculated chi-square for 1994 is .041
and for 1995 is 1.365, it is smaller than the table value, we accept the null hypothesis and reject the research hypothesis. The observed frequencies do
not differ significantly from the expected occurrence for an equal distribution under the null hypothesis for monthly incidents in domestic violence
situations.
In comparing the chi-squared test to our obtained frequencies, the reported sampling did indicate a perfectly even distribution (1.7 in 1994 and 2 in
1995 for each circumstance).
Null Hypothesis: The day of the week has an affect on domestic violence
occurring in 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The day of the week has no effect on domestic
violence occurring in 1994 and 1995.
The above hypothesis was also taken from a sampling that observed domestic violence 1994 and
1995 incidents occurring on a certain day of the week. This sample was also drawn from The
Statistical Crime Data for the State of Maryland, c. 1995. Again, the one-way chi-test will be used
to determine whether the frequencies observed differs significantly from an even
distribution (or any other distribution hypothesized).
We want to demonstrate if this frequency distribution for the day of the week shows
if the null hypothesis is true? The charts below demonstrate two categories with the
anticipation that 50% of the reported results should fall in each classification. With
20.378 incidents for 1994 and 24.021 incidents for 1995, we should expect 2.911 monthly
occurrences (in 1994) and 3.432 monthly occurrences (in 1995) for each of the year’s Day of the
Week Category. The expected frequencies are those incidents that are expected to occur under the
term of the Null Hypothesis.
19. 1994 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Day of Week fe
Monday 3.017 2.911 .106 .011 .003
Tuesday 2.703 2.911 -.208 .043 .015
Wednesday 2.457 2.911 -.454 .206 .07
Thursday 2.479 2.911 -.432 .187 ..064
Friday 2.846 2.911 -.065 .004 .001
Saturday 3.290 2.911 .379 .144 .049
Sunday 3.586 2.911 .675 .456 .157
Total 20.378 .359
1995 (In Hundreds) fo fe fo - fe (fo - fe)2 (fo - fe)2
Day of Week fe
Monday 3.322 3.432 -.11 .012 3.5
Tuesday 3.246 3.432 -.186 .346 .01
Wednesday 3.019 3.432 -.413 .171 .05
Thursday 2.956 3.432 -.476 .227 .07
Friday 3.207 3.432 -.225 .051 .01
Saturday 3.980 3.432 .548 .3 .08
20. Sunday 4.291 3.432 .859 .738 .02
Total 24.021 3.74
Null Hypothesis: The day of the week has an effect on domestic violence
occurring in 1994 and 1995.
Research Hypothesis: The day of the week has no effect on domestic
violence occurring in 1994 and 1995.
(Continued)
The chi-squared method allows us to test the significance of the difference between a set of observed frequencies and expected frequencies.
Based on just the observed and expected frequencies, the formula for chi-square is:
(fo - fe)2
X2 = Σ fe
where fo = observed frequency in any category
fe = expected frequency in any category
Our next step is to interpret the chi-square value by determining the appropriate degrees of freedom.
df = k - 1
where k = number of categories in the observed frequency distribution. Our example shows 7 categories (from Monday through Sunday) in 1994 and
1995:
df = 7 - 1 = 6
Now by checking The Critical Value of Chi-Square at the .05 and .01 Chart, we look for the .05 significant level to check 6 degrees of freedom. The
value is 12.592. This is the value that we must exceed before we can reject the null hypothesis. Because our calculated chi-square for 1994 is .359
and for 1995 is 3.74, it is smaller than the table value, we accept the null hypothesis and reject the research hypothesis. The observed frequencies do
21. not differ significantly from the expected occurrence for an equal distribution under the null hypothesis for day of the week incidents in domestic
violence situations.
In comparing the chi-squared test to our obtained frequencies, the reported sampling did indicate a perfectly even distribution (2.911 in 1994 and
3.432 in 1995 for each circumstance).
INTRODUCTION
The act of domestic violence has no label. It could happen to any gender, at any age and
in any occupation. Domestic violence can also take on the form of mental, physical,
verbal, emotional, and psychological abuse. The ultimate goal of a domestic violence
abuser is to have total control and power over another person. This situation can be
inflicted upon anyone at anytime. Russell Hovan’s perspective states, “There are
situations in life to which the only satisfactory response is a physically violent one. If you
don’t make that response, you continually relive the unresolved situation over and over in
your life.” (b. 1925, U.S. author. Novelists in Interview (ed. by John Haffenden, 1985)).
The scariest account of domestic violence occurs when you do not have to see a scar to
feel one. It’s like a thief in the night, because we don’t think about it until it indirectly or
directly affects us on a personal level. There are many cases that have unknown causes
and probably as many that go unreported. It’s a time bomb waiting to explode, and we will
show the impact of the explosion by reviewing 1994 and 1995 domestic violence data.
Our source was provided through the publication, The Statistical Crime Data for the State
of Maryland. By using the chi-squared test, it will demonstrate if there is a significant or
insignificant trend.
CONCLUSION
22. As the data shows, domestic violence in the State of Maryland for 1994 and 1995
indicates it is on the rise. We must all take steps to neutralize this time bomb. Because
everybody is a victim as long as the abuse continues. In addition, everyone must begin to
take an active and responsible role to curve this silent offense. As long as we continue to
allow these abuses to perpetuate, we are threatening our own futures. If the trend
continues to rise as it has been reported in 1994 and 1995, our children’s behaviors may
grow more vicious in nature.