All living things are born, grow, reproduce, and die. They perform three basic life processes: interaction, nutrition, and reproduction. Living things need water, air, and sun to survive on Earth and perform these processes.
All living things grow, are born, reproduce, and eventually die. They are able to live on Earth because of key resources like air, water, and sunlight. All living things perform three basic life processes: interaction, nutrition, and reproduction.
The document discusses human reproduction. It explains that sperm will fuse with an egg, causing the egg to multiply and change into a baby. This allows the species to continue living by reproducing new individuals when sperm fuse with eggs.
Cockroaches have existed on Earth for 250 million years due to their adaptations. They have tiny bristles on their legs to feel whatever they are touching. They can run fast and fly, eating a variety of foods including paper, soap, plants and dead animals. Cockroaches reproduce quickly, producing 16-56 babies every 25 days that reach adulthood within 3 months. Their eggs are protected by leathery capsules so the babies don't get damp, and cockroaches prefer damp, warm environments. They have also developed resistance to most pesticides, allowing them to survive for over 250 million years.
This unit discusses living and non-living things, the characteristics of living things, the life processes of plants and animals, types of animals such as herbivores and carnivores, animal classification, and how some animals reproduce via eggs or live birth. It aims to explain the key differences between living and non-living things, examine the life cycles of plants and animals, and classify different types of animals based on their diets and reproduction methods.
Diego Velázquez fue un pintor español del siglo XVII que sirvió como pintor de la corte real, retratando a los reyes Felipe IV y Mariana de Austria. Su obra maestra fue "Las Meninas", que representa a la hija de los reyes, la infanta Margarita, con sus damas de compañía y enanos de la corte, mientras que los reyes aparecen reflejados en un espejo.
Este documento presenta un proyecto CLIL de 6 meses para estudiantes de 3 a 5 años que se centra en el autoconocimiento y la autonomía personal. El proyecto utilizará metodologías CLIL para trabajar en el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas y no lingüísticas a través de actividades colaborativas entre centros educativos. Los productos finales incluirán un blog, videos y paneles que muestran el progreso de los estudiantes.
This story summarizes the classic fairytale "Goldilocks and the Three Bears". A little girl named Goldilocks gets lost in the forest and discovers an empty house belonging to three bears. She samples their porridge, chairs, and beds, finding that one of each is "just right". When the bears return home, they discover signs that someone has been using their belongings. They identify Goldilocks sleeping in Baby Bear's bed and she flees in fear into the forest once more.
All living things grow, are born, reproduce, and eventually die. They are able to live on Earth because of key resources like air, water, and sunlight. All living things perform three basic life processes: interaction, nutrition, and reproduction.
The document discusses human reproduction. It explains that sperm will fuse with an egg, causing the egg to multiply and change into a baby. This allows the species to continue living by reproducing new individuals when sperm fuse with eggs.
Cockroaches have existed on Earth for 250 million years due to their adaptations. They have tiny bristles on their legs to feel whatever they are touching. They can run fast and fly, eating a variety of foods including paper, soap, plants and dead animals. Cockroaches reproduce quickly, producing 16-56 babies every 25 days that reach adulthood within 3 months. Their eggs are protected by leathery capsules so the babies don't get damp, and cockroaches prefer damp, warm environments. They have also developed resistance to most pesticides, allowing them to survive for over 250 million years.
This unit discusses living and non-living things, the characteristics of living things, the life processes of plants and animals, types of animals such as herbivores and carnivores, animal classification, and how some animals reproduce via eggs or live birth. It aims to explain the key differences between living and non-living things, examine the life cycles of plants and animals, and classify different types of animals based on their diets and reproduction methods.
Diego Velázquez fue un pintor español del siglo XVII que sirvió como pintor de la corte real, retratando a los reyes Felipe IV y Mariana de Austria. Su obra maestra fue "Las Meninas", que representa a la hija de los reyes, la infanta Margarita, con sus damas de compañía y enanos de la corte, mientras que los reyes aparecen reflejados en un espejo.
Este documento presenta un proyecto CLIL de 6 meses para estudiantes de 3 a 5 años que se centra en el autoconocimiento y la autonomía personal. El proyecto utilizará metodologías CLIL para trabajar en el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas y no lingüísticas a través de actividades colaborativas entre centros educativos. Los productos finales incluirán un blog, videos y paneles que muestran el progreso de los estudiantes.
This story summarizes the classic fairytale "Goldilocks and the Three Bears". A little girl named Goldilocks gets lost in the forest and discovers an empty house belonging to three bears. She samples their porridge, chairs, and beds, finding that one of each is "just right". When the bears return home, they discover signs that someone has been using their belongings. They identify Goldilocks sleeping in Baby Bear's bed and she flees in fear into the forest once more.
This document is a phonics book that teaches short vowel "a" words through stories and illustrations. Each page focuses on a different word family with the short "a" sound, such as "at", "an", "ad", and "am". Accompanying each word family are simple stories that incorporate words from that family to teach children how to read words with the short "a" sound. The book provides a fun way for young readers to learn phonics through pictures and short tales.
Este documento presenta un programa de acompañamiento escolar para primaria con el objetivo de desarrollar competencias transversales y habilidades sociales en los estudiantes. El programa se implementará de forma progresiva entre 2016 y 2019 emparejando a estudiantes mayores con estudiantes menores para actividades como lectura, escritura creativa y experiencias en la biblioteca. El programa está alineado con los objetivos y áreas del currículo nacional y promueve valores como el respeto, la empatía y la resolución pacífica de conflictos.
This unit covers the differences between living and non-living things, the key characteristics of living things, the life processes of plants and animals, different types of animals classified by diet, and how animals reproduce. It discusses herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores. It also addresses animal classification and whether certain animals lay eggs or give birth to live young. The unit aims to teach students about the life cycles, interactions, and nutrition of both plants and animals.
Este decreto establece el currículo de la Educación Primaria en la Región de Murcia, desarrollando el currículo básico nacional y ejerciendo las competencias educativas transferidas por el Estado. El currículo se organiza en tres bloques de asignaturas (troncales, específicas y de libre configuración) y define los objetivos, competencias, contenidos y criterios de evaluación para cada área, con el fin de garantizar una formación integral de los estudiantes.
El documento establece el currículo básico de la Educación Primaria en España. Define los elementos del currículo como objetivos, competencias, contenidos, estándares de aprendizaje y criterios de evaluación. Distribuye las asignaturas en bloques troncales, específicos y de libre configuración para dar más autonomía a las comunidades autónomas y centros. El currículo se basa en el desarrollo de siete competencias clave y enfoques de aprendizaje por competencias.
El documento presenta el sistema de indicadores para evaluar las competencias básicas en educación infantil, primaria y secundaria (ESO) en una región de España. Describe nueve competencias clave y los indicadores específicos para medir el desarrollo de cada competencia en los diferentes niveles educativos, incluyendo la comunicación lingüística, las matemáticas, el conocimiento físico, la competencia digital, social y ciudadana, cultural y artística, el aprendizaje autónomo, la iniciativa personal y la competencia emocional
The document outlines the daily routines of a student, their sister, and their parents. It shows that the student and sister both wake up around 6:30-6:45 am, take showers around 6:40-7:00 am, run to school around 7:25-7:40 am, have breakfast at school or later in the morning, do homework or chores in the afternoon, and go to bed around 9:00 pm. It also notes that the father starts work at 9:00 am and goes home at 2:00 pm.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
This document is a phonics book that teaches short vowel "a" words through stories and illustrations. Each page focuses on a different word family with the short "a" sound, such as "at", "an", "ad", and "am". Accompanying each word family are simple stories that incorporate words from that family to teach children how to read words with the short "a" sound. The book provides a fun way for young readers to learn phonics through pictures and short tales.
Este documento presenta un programa de acompañamiento escolar para primaria con el objetivo de desarrollar competencias transversales y habilidades sociales en los estudiantes. El programa se implementará de forma progresiva entre 2016 y 2019 emparejando a estudiantes mayores con estudiantes menores para actividades como lectura, escritura creativa y experiencias en la biblioteca. El programa está alineado con los objetivos y áreas del currículo nacional y promueve valores como el respeto, la empatía y la resolución pacífica de conflictos.
This unit covers the differences between living and non-living things, the key characteristics of living things, the life processes of plants and animals, different types of animals classified by diet, and how animals reproduce. It discusses herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores. It also addresses animal classification and whether certain animals lay eggs or give birth to live young. The unit aims to teach students about the life cycles, interactions, and nutrition of both plants and animals.
Este decreto establece el currículo de la Educación Primaria en la Región de Murcia, desarrollando el currículo básico nacional y ejerciendo las competencias educativas transferidas por el Estado. El currículo se organiza en tres bloques de asignaturas (troncales, específicas y de libre configuración) y define los objetivos, competencias, contenidos y criterios de evaluación para cada área, con el fin de garantizar una formación integral de los estudiantes.
El documento establece el currículo básico de la Educación Primaria en España. Define los elementos del currículo como objetivos, competencias, contenidos, estándares de aprendizaje y criterios de evaluación. Distribuye las asignaturas en bloques troncales, específicos y de libre configuración para dar más autonomía a las comunidades autónomas y centros. El currículo se basa en el desarrollo de siete competencias clave y enfoques de aprendizaje por competencias.
El documento presenta el sistema de indicadores para evaluar las competencias básicas en educación infantil, primaria y secundaria (ESO) en una región de España. Describe nueve competencias clave y los indicadores específicos para medir el desarrollo de cada competencia en los diferentes niveles educativos, incluyendo la comunicación lingüística, las matemáticas, el conocimiento físico, la competencia digital, social y ciudadana, cultural y artística, el aprendizaje autónomo, la iniciativa personal y la competencia emocional
The document outlines the daily routines of a student, their sister, and their parents. It shows that the student and sister both wake up around 6:30-6:45 am, take showers around 6:40-7:00 am, run to school around 7:25-7:40 am, have breakfast at school or later in the morning, do homework or chores in the afternoon, and go to bed around 9:00 pm. It also notes that the father starts work at 9:00 am and goes home at 2:00 pm.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.