This lecture introduces distributed systems, defining them and providing examples. It outlines the goals of distributed systems including transparency, scalability, and openness. It discusses techniques for scaling distributed systems like hiding communication latencies, asynchronous communication, distribution, replication, and caching. Finally, it summarizes the key topics covered in the lecture.

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Lecture 1- Introduction
Distributed Systems

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Outline
• Introduction
• Definitions
• Examples
• Related Concepts
• Pros and Cons of Distributed Systems
• Goals of Distributed Systems
• Transparency
• Scalability
• Openness
• Connecting Users and Resources
• Types of Distributed Systems
• Distributed Computing Systems
• Distributed Information Systems
• Distributed Pervasive Systems
• Summary
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• Scaling Techniques
• Hiding Communication Latencies
• To achieve geographical scalability
• Asynchronous communication
• Shipping Code
• Distribution
• Distribution involves taking a component, splitting it into smaller parts, and
subsequently spreading those parts across the system.
• An excellent example of distribution is the Internet Domain Name System (DNS).
The DNS name space is hierarchically organized into a tree of domains, which are
divided into nonoverlapping zones.
• Replication
• scalability problems often appear in the form of performance degradation, it is
generally a good idea to actually replicate components across a distributed
system. Replication not only increases availability, but also helps to balance the
load between components leading to better performance.
• Caching: Special forming of replication
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• Distribution

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• An open distributed system is a system that offers services according to
standard rules that describe the syntax and semantics of those services

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Summary
• Introduction
• Definitions
• Examples
• Related Concepts
• Pros and Cons of Distributed Systems
• Goals of Distributed Systems
• Transparency
• Scalability
• Openness
• Connecting Users and Resources
• Types of Distributed Systems
• Distributed Computing Systems
• Distributed Information Systems
• Distributed Pervasive Systems
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