5. PHENOMENOLOGY
Phenomenologist views human behavior and
attempts to see things from other people’s point of
view.
Thus,
The task of the researcher is to capture this process
of interpretation.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
6. WHAT IS RESEARCH
Research is the systematic approach to:
Obtain new and reliable knowledge
Search for explanations of events
Study phenomena, relationships and
causes
It is a process of finding solutions to a
particular problem.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
7. WHAT IS RESEARCH
The solution is undertaken through a
detailed study of the situational factors
(variables) related or associated with the
problem.
In relationship between variables – question
of what occurs when something else
happens
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
8. BUSINESS RESEARCH
Business research is an organised,
systematic, data-based, critical, scientific
inquiry or investigation into a specific
problem or issue with the purpose of
finding solutions to it or clarifying it.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
9. WHAT ARE THE KEYWORDS REFLECTING
THE RESEARCH DEFINITION ???
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
13. BASIC RESEARCH
The primary aim of the investigator is to
understand the subject under study rather
than its practical application.
Attempts to expand the limits of
knowledge….. CONTRIBUTION TO
KNOWLEDGE
Not directly involved in the solution to a
pragmatic problem.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
14. BASIC RESEARCH
To generate body of knowledge by trying to
comprehend how certain problems that
commonly occur in the organizations can be
solved
attempts to determine or establish
fundamental facts and relationship within a
discipline or field of study
understanding of the subject under study,
rather than a practical application thereof.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
15. APPLIED RESEARCH
It is conducted when a decision must be
made about a specific real-life problem, to
reveal answers to specific questions related
to action, performance or policy needs.
The intention is to apply results of finding to
solve specific problems.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
17. CREATE AN EXAMPLE ABOUT BASIC
AND APPLIED RESEARCH
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
18. ANSWER ACTIVITY TWO
Which one is applied and basic?
Why?
How did the universe begin?
In addressing the increasing dissatisfaction about
the salary schemes, the company conduct an
investigation on the impact of the present salary
schemes on the productivity of its staff.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
20. TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Exploratory
Initial research conducted to clarify and define
the nature of a problem
to explore and gain insight about the research
problem. It is extremely useful when the
researcher does not have enough
understanding to proceed with the research
project. Sometimes, exploratory research is also
used when the researcher cannot proceed with
more conclusive research because of lack of
necessary resources (money, time and
manpower) or problem with the research
infrastructure (unavailability of instruments,
problems with sampling etc.)
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
21. TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Exploratory
Subsequent research expected after isolating
key variables
In other meaning is valuable means of finding
out ‘what is happening; to seek new insights; to
ask questions and to assess phenomena in a
new light’
3 principal ways
A search of the literature
Talking to experts in the subject
Conducting focus group interviews.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
22. TYPES OF RESEARCH
2. Descriptive
Describes characteristics of a population or
phenomenon
To portray an accurate profile of persons, events
or situations.
Extension of a piece of exploratory research.
As a means to an end rather than an end in
itself.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
23. TYPES OF RESEARCH
3. Causal
Conducted to identify cause and effect relationships
It is type of conclusive research design where the
major objective is to obtain evidence regarding cause
– and – effect (cause) relationship between variables
in the research project.
Causal research is appropriate for the following
purpose:-
1) To understand which variable are the cause
(independent variables) IV and which variable are
the effect (dependent) DV of a phenomenon.
2) To determine the nature of the relationship between
the causal variables and effect to be predicted.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
24. TYPES OF RESEARCH
3. Causal
Causal research is characterized by:
A well structured theoretical framework
A well pre-planned and structure research
methodology
Manipulation of causal/independent variables and
controlling of other mediating variables
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
25. GIVE AN EXAMPLE ABOUT EACH TYPE OF
RESEARCH.
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
26. • Our sales are declining and we don’t know why.”
• Would people be interested in our new product
idea?”
• What kind of people are buying our product?
Exploratory
Research
• Who buys our competitor’s product?”
• What features do buyers prefer in our product?
Descriptive
Research
• Will buyers purchase more of our products in a
new package?
• Which one of the two advertising campaigns is
more effective?”
Causal
Research
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
Answer
question
3
27. EPISTEMOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY
OF RESEARCH
In conducting scientific research method, we
need sound knowledge and skill on:
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
Epistemology
of research
Methodology
of research
28. KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
Epistemology of
research (Science of
Knowing)
prerequisite of
research
(Science of Finding
Methodology )
where to start and
what to find.
with research tools:
Empirical
Qualitative
29. REASONS TO STUDY METHODOLOGY
Research methodology provides the
principles for:
organizing,
planning,
designing and
conducting research
The study of methodology refers to the
MANNER in which we approach and how
we accomplish a task
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
34. THE RESEARCH PROCESS
RESEARCH PROCESS FOR BASIC AND
APPLIED
(1)
OBSERVATION
Broad area of
research interest
identified
(7)
DATA COLLECTION
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
(6)
SCIENTIFI
C
RESEARC
H DESIGN
(2)
PRELIMINARY
DATA
GATHERING
Interviewing
Literature Survey
(3)
PROBLEM
DEFINITION
Research Problem
Identified
(4)
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
Variables clearly
identified and
labeled
(5)
GENERATION
OF
HYPOTHESES
(8)
DEDUCTION
Hypotheses
substantiated?
Research question
answered?
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
35. What data are
required to answer
Questions/ / Test
the Hypotheses?
Literature
Research
Area
Problem
Statement
Context
Research
questions
Design Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Answer
Res Ques
&/Test
hypotheses
Pre-empirical
stage Empirical stage
Simplified model of research
Theory & Other
Studies
Hypotheses
By
Dr.
Hassan
Alaaraj
