This document discusses theories of the mind and metaphors of memory. It covers Descartes' mind-body dualism theory, behaviorism which views the mind as a "black box", and modern cognitive science which integrates concepts from multiple disciplines. Metaphors of memory discussed include the memory as a muscle, slate, library, and network of concepts and relationships. The document also discusses generalizing knowledge through induction, hypermedia being analogous to inductive thinking, deducing implications from existing knowledge through logic, and using spreadsheets to teach logical data manipulation. It concludes by mentioning meta-cognition, or thinking about one's own thinking processes.

1. Chapter 5 Part 1 p 97-112Designs for Problem Solving

2. More than memorizing a mass of facts, students should learn to see the relationships between the facts, the context of the facts, and the generalizations that they point to. Learners should be able to proceed from facts to solutions.“Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?”T. S. Eliot

3. Theories of mind 1Descartes (1596-1650) – Mind/Body Dualism – mind entirely separate from body

4. Theories of mind 2Watson (1878-1958) and others – Behaviorism – the infamous “black box” White RatB. F. SkinnerJohn B. Watson

5. Theories of mind 3Modern theory – Cognitive Science – integrates concepts from psychology, biology, anthropology, computerscience, linguistics, etc.A Multifaceted Model

6. Metaphors of memoryTraditional metaphors:A muscle which can be strengthened with exerciseA slate to be written onA library of information

7. Metaphors of memory part II:More recently:Memory as a pattern of concepts in a network.Not just facts, but the network of relationships between them which are activated when part of the network is accessed. This model is partly derived from computing.

8. Metaphors of memory part II, continued:A concept map represents ideas and their interrelationships, approximating connections between ideas in the mind itself.

9. Extending informationGeneralizing via induction – discovering new knowledge by relating it to the patterns of preexisting knowledge.All A observed are B.This is A.It is probably B.Not 100 percent certain.

10. HypermediaNorton & Wiburg posit that hypermedia is analogous to inductive thinking.Non-linear.Many seemingly unrelated concepts.

11. Rearranging InformationDeduction – cracking the implications out of existing knowledge. What we usually think of when we say ‘logic’:If A, then BATherefore BConclusions are certain but do not produce new knowledge.

12. Rearranging InformationcontinuedSpreadsheets (such as Excel) can be used educationally to teach logical manipulation of data.

13. Meta-cognitionThinking about thinking – observing and improving our own thought processes.Self-monitoring and self-awareness.