This document summarizes research on bank profitability and efficiency in India and other countries. It discusses several studies that have analyzed the profitability and efficiency of Indian banks using different methods like DEA analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. The studies found that public sector banks were generally more efficient than foreign banks, which were slightly more efficient than private sector banks. Other key findings included declining efficiency of public sector banks over time, while foreign bank efficiency improved. The document also summarizes some international studies on the impact of deregulation on bank profitability efficiency in countries like Spain.

1. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 59
CHAPTER-4
BANKS PROFITABILITY EFFICIENCY OF COUNTRIES EXPERIENCE
1.Bhadrappa Haralayya
Post Doctoral Fellowship Research Scholar,
Srinivas University, Mangalore, India.
bhadrappabhavimani@gmail.com
Orcid id-0000-0003-3214-7261
2.P. S. Aithal,
Professor, College of Management and Commerce,
Srinivas University, Mangalore, India.
psaithal@gmail.com
Orcid id-0000-0002-4691-8736
ABSTRACT
The profitability is a worried about genuine asset use, yield from a given arrangement of sources of
info and estimated as the yield per unit input (or a lot of data sources). This oversimplified
methodology is valuable when there is just a single technology, one information and one yield. Be
that as it may, for a firm, simply getting the greatest yield from a given arrangement of information
sources isn't sufficient since various innovations, distinctive data sources and diverse arrangements
of yields from a similar arrangement of information sources are gotten. In this manner,
progressively critical is the adjustment in productivity over some stretch of time, starting with one
period then onto the next. Productivity is henceforth, both, static and dynamic in nature: a
proportion of, both, the adjustment in technology after some time, and ideal utilization of assets, for
the best accessible technology, at a given time. In addition, if the target of the firm is to augment
profits, the productivity estimated as proportion of physical units may not be the best measure.
Thus, notwithstanding traditional proportion of profitability, an "adapted estimation of profitability
" might be a superior performance measure. Productivity of a firm is in this way gotten from the
efficiency of the firm in utilizing ideal technology from a lot of accessible innovations (generation
work), ideal arrangement of sources of info given information costs (cost capacity), ideal
transformation of a given arrangement of contributions for a given technology into an ideal
arrangement of yields (creation work), moves in the generation work (technology changes) and
changes in the size of activities (scale and degree). Ideas of efficiency identify with how well a firm
utilizes its assets in respect to the current generation potential outcomes outskirts (or, at the end of

2. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 60
the day, in respect to current 'best practice') – how a foundation at the same time limits costs and
augments income, in view of a current dimension of creation technology. The investigation of a
firm efficiency, in this manner, depends on intra-sector examinations, includes both innovative and
relative evaluating perspectives, and has incomplete marker esteem for dissecting profitability
performance.
Key words: Profitability ,Efficiency ,Indian Experience, Other Countries Experience
4.1 INTRODUCTION
To aggregate up a large portion of studies taking a gander at the productivity of Indian commercial
banks utilized DEA analysis (Chakrabarti and Chawla, 2015; day and beam, 2015; Chatterjee and Sinha,
2016; Dash and Charles, 2009; Manas Kumar Baidya, Debabrata Mitra, 2012), while few others utilized
stochastic boondocks analysis (Sensurma, 2015; Das, 2010; Das and drine, 2016). While few studies
focused on the proficiency of commercial managing an account framework, others took a gander at the
connection among possession and effectiveness. The majority of these studies were related to single
period or restricted parameters and the time range was likewise littler. Further the majority of the studies
concentrated just on single part of execution viz., effectiveness/efficiency/gainfulness and not on the
mix of all angles viz., profitability, benefit, operational, monetary administration and resource quality,
which were engaged by the post advancement board's suggestions. The decision of couple of parameters
does not draw out each part of data about the execution of banks, since bank that is poor in certain
measurement may have all the earmarks of being performing admirably when some different factors are
considered. Interestingly the present study centers around five parameters in particular profitability,
productivity, operational, liquidity and resource quality to assess the proficiency of banks, covering a
period from 2009 to 2012.
4.2 INDIAN EXPERIENCE
Shah (2012and2013) in his papers examined bank benefit and efficiency. He communicated worry about
expanded costs and overheads, moderate development in efficiency and productivity, inefficient work of
banks and that higher gainfulness can result from expanded spread and that advancement have a
restricted job. He likewise underlined decrease of costs, formation of a solidarity and enhancement in
the administration for enhancing bank gainfulness and efficiency. Kallu and Thomas (2016) endeavored

3. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 61
to discover the impact of SLR (statutory liquidity proportion) on advances dispensed to different sectors
and on the salary and benefit of the three example banks to comprehend the effect of year– insightful
changes in SLR on changes in individual factors. The co-effective of assurance which clarify the effect
of SLR on the benefit of Andhra bank, Vijaya Bank and Canara Bank gave the outcome that the impact
of SLR was more on the benefit of Andhra Bank and Canara bank which clarify over 93 percent change
in the benefit of these two banks while, for Vijaya Bank the SLR could clarify a difference of 52 percent
just, demonstrating a similarly less effect on its benefit.
Bhattacharya et al., (2012) analyzed the effectiveness of Indian banks utilizing a two-advance strategy to
be specific DEA method to decide the specialized productivity and after that applying stochastic
wilderness approach to clarify variety in determined proficiency utilizing intermediation approach on
five– year information of 70 banks for the period 2009–2014. They found that the general population
sector banks were more effective than outside banks, which thus were barely more productive than
private sector banks. They likewise discovered that 78 percent of banks worked with diminishing comes
back to scale while 16 percent indicated expanding comes back to scale. For the second stage relapse
analysis, they utilized a lot of variable to represent time, possession and administrative arrangement.
They presumed that open sector bank productivity declined after some time (after 2012) though that of
remote banks enhanced over the long run. The execution of private banks remained relatively unaltered.
Thomas (2009)inspected the execution viability of Syndicate Bank and other nationalized banks in India
utilizing a monetary administrative effectiveness assessment demonstrate (EMEE Model). The study
inferred that the execution of the nationalized banks particularly banks like Syndicate Bank leaves scope
for development.
Sarkar et al., (2013) thought about execution over the three classes of banks, open, private and outside in
India, utilizing two proportions of benefit, return on resources and working benefit proportion and four
proficiency measures, net premium edge, working benefit to staff cost, working cost proportion and staff
cost proportion. The creators endeavored these examinations subsequent to controlling for an assortment
of non-proprietorship factors that may affect on execution: resource
estimate, the extent of interest in government securities, the extent of coordinated credit, the extent of
provincial and semi-urban branches, and the extent of non intrigue pay to add up to salary The outcomes
demonstrated that private endeavors may not be unambiguously better than open ventures in a creating

4. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 62
economy. Swamy (2011) considered the similar execution of various bank groups since2012– 16 to
2013-2015 to distinguish factors that prompted changes in the situation of individual banks as far as
their offer in the general keeping money industry. The study reasoned that in numerous regards
nationalized open sectors banks were vastly improved than private banks, even they were superior to
outside banks.
Wahab (2009) examined the execution of the commercial banks under changes and furthermore featured
the significant issues that should be considered for further enhancement. He presumed that changes have
created ideal consequences for execution of commercial banks by and large yet there were a few bends
like low need sector propels, low benefit and so forth, which should have been improved once more.
ICRA (2013) broke down the quick evolving condition, of Indian banks against those of select universal
relies upon three dimensions– basic factors, operational factors and productivity factors. The study
found that the benefit of Indian banks as of late contrasted well and that of the worldwide benchmark
banks principally as a result of the higher offer of benefit on the closeout of speculations, higher use and
higher net premium edges. In any case, a considerable lot of these drivers of higher benefits of Indian
banks may not be supportable. To guarantee long haul benefit, the study recommended that Indian banks
ought to broaden their advances over a few client portions, acquaint vigorous risk scoring procedures
with guarantee better nature of credits, diminish their working costs by overhauling saving money
innovation and enhance the administration of market risk. Singh (2013) broke down gainfulness the
executives of banks under the deregulated condition with budgetary parameters of the real four bank
groups for example open sector banks, old private sector banks, new private sector banks and outside
banks and found that benefit had declined in the deregulated condition.
Meenakshi (2018) endeavored to comprehend the determinants of the offer of gross NPA in absolute
advances utilizing board informational collection for 94 banks throughout the years2012– 2015. It was
seen that benefit productivity of the general population sector banks have enhanced over the period
(2012– 2015) while proficiency of the private and outside banks were pretty much dormant. The study
utilized settled impact display or an irregular impact show utilizing summed up slightest square (GLS)
method. Proficiency was evaluated utilizing the stochastic outskirts analysis. Results demonstrated that
while rustic branches don't add to wastefulness, NPA levels do add to benefit proficiency. Bodla and
Richa (2009) displayed the winning quality proportions of the banks as worked out on lines of CAMEL
show for the period 2009–13 to 2015– 16 which was separated into three sub-groups:2012– 13, 14– 00

5. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 63
and 2009– 12. It was found from the study that outside banks (FBs) have edge over their local partners
as far as working benefits to average working subsidizes proportion, spread to add up to resources
proportion and non-premium salary to add up to pay proportion. PSBs (open sector banks) appreciate the
equivalent as far as net benefits to average resources proportion and premium pay to add up to pay
proportion. Overall, the banks working in India have demonstrated apparent enhancement in their
expense based salary.
Uppal (2009) analyzed that structure of Indian managing an account as far as offer of individual banks
in all out resources of all booked commercial banks and further inspected the factors in charge of the
progressions amid the period from 2012–13 to 2007– 18. The paper reasoned that the PSB have
prevailing position in their offer in all out resources of all planned commercial banks. Among 88 banks,
21 banks have recorded increment in premium spread and have enhanced their offer in resources of all
planned commercial banks. From among the new private sector banks four banks have recorded
increment in their spread and aggregate resources while two banks saw decrease in spread however
every one of the 7 new private sector banks enhanced their offer in absolute resources of all booked
commercial banks. Productivity have recorded decay in all the bank groups amid the study time frame.
Kumar and Sanjeev (2011) analyzed the effect of financial progression on the execution of Indian banks
in CAMEL system. The study found that general society sector banks have displayed an amazing
development as far as gainfulness, profitability, resources quality, innovation upgradation and even
prudential standards like CRR, structure of financing costs including deregulation of loan fees, need
sector loaning and so forth. Misra (2011) utilized PRH (Panzar-Rosse H-measurement) measurement
and surveyed the level of rivalry of the Indian managing an account sector after the infiltration of private
and remote banks in India. The study utilized a dynamic board information including 75 local and
remote banks and found that the Indian managing an account sector was monopolistically focused
having a couple of greater size banks, both openly sector and private sector, affecting the economic
situations and estimating framework. Money related sector progression had enhanced the effectiveness,
profitability and security of the Indian keeping money sector. With two sub-periods board information
analysis, the study found that there had been enhancement in the level of rivalry since2012. The PRH
Statistic which was sure and short of what one showed that the Indian keeping money framework was
monopolistically focused. Nandy (2011) inspected significant impact of chosen factors on gainfulness of
banks in India, utilizing optional information for a time of 3 years from 2014– 15 to 2016– 17. The

6. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 64
outcome demonstrated that premium costs was the main great indicator for net benefit of all
extraordinary bank groups taken together amid the years 2014– 15 to 2016– 17 with the given
informational index. Rajesh and Reddy (2011) surveyed the productivity execution of chose open sector
banks through spread proportions, spread related proportions, trouble proportions, load related
proportions and gainfulness proportions. The study uncovered that the benefit gaining limit of a bank
can be comprehended regarding four compelling factors premium earned, other pay, premium used and
working costs. Uppal (2011) looked into the saving money sector changes approach based on specific
parameters like efficiency, productivity and NPAs the executives. The paper reasoned that outside banks
and new private sector banks were greatly improved in execution when contrasted with nationalized
banks in the post-managing an account change period. Uppal and Juneja (2011) investigated the
execution of all bank groups with reference of 17 parameters from 2007– 11. It was discovered that old
private banks were much beneficial and effective than some other bank gathering. The execution of
outside banks was most noticeably awful amid the study time frame on every one of the parameters
which demonstrates that this bank gather was yet not ready to make its place in Indian managing an
account industry and Indian keeping money industry was as yet overwhelmed by old private sector
banks.
Dhanapal and Ganesan (2012) inspected factors impacting the gainfulness and effectiveness and
estimated the operational proficiency of open sector banks in India for the period 2006– 07 to 2010– 11
utilizing DEA systems. The study found that there was a significant connection between working benefit
and NPA, add up to pay, add up to costs and spread. Out of 21 banks, 18 banks were impacted by spread
and 16 banks by aggregate costs. There was a significant connection among productivity and six
autonomous factors. NPA to add up to resources and ROA were the key factors as they have most
noteworthy positive coefficient. Essentially, NPA to net advances was a key factor as it had most
astounding negative co-proficient. The stepwise relapse uncovers that cost to salary was the predominant
factor for tuning the productivity. DEA had distinguished 6 banks out of the 12 little size banks and 6
banks out of the 9 vast size banks as productive banks. Prabhakar et al., (2012) decided the general
proficiency of 80 banks from groups of open, remote and Indian private banks that work in India by
looking at the efficiencies and recognizing the factors that contribute most to the wastefulness of the
banks. Utilizing budgetary proportions of banks as sources of info and yields the study found that
expansion in proportion of net NPA to net advances and decline consequently on ventures changed in
accordance with expense of assets have been the essential givers for reductions in productivity record

7. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 65
crosswise over sectors. The study noticed that the decline in expense of stores and increment
consequently on ventures/progresses changed in accordance with expense of assets have been the
essential benefactors for increment in productivity record crosswise over sectors. By and large, the
remote sector banks were the best performing banks regarding relative proficiency, trailed by private
sector banks and the general population sector banks.
4.3 EXPERIENCE IN OTHER COUNTRIES
Vivas (2013) examined the impacts of deregulation on the benefit productivity of Spanish reserve funds
banks amid 2013– 2016 utilizing thick wilderness approach. The outcomes proposed that the benefit
proficiency of Spanish reserve funds banks, which found the middle value of 28 percent, fell by 40
percent somewhere in the range of 2013 and 2014 and furthermore there was no significant move in the
benefit boondocks itself (at the end of the day, there was no mechanical change). DeYoung and Hasan
(2014) assessed non-standard benefit proficiency of once more banks utilizing a Fourier-adaptable
utilitarian frame. They found that new banks were significantly less benefit proficient (36 percent) than
set up banks (46 percent). While the benefit productivity of new banks expanded quickly in the second
and third year of activity it doesn't achieve that of built up banks until the ninth year. A generous
number of again banks gain negative benefits amid the initial couple of long stretches of activity and in
excess of 1200 perceptions have their benefit productivity measure truncated at zero.
Tai-Hsin Huang (2009) utilized multiproduct translog standardized shadow benefit capacity to inspect
X-effectiveness and related issues as for Taiwan's managing an account industry with board information
from 22 local banks, spreading over the period2012– 2015. Translog proof showed that bigger banks
were more technically productive than littler ones. The general evaluated mean wasteful aspects
establish 66.40 percent, 76.28 percent and 71.74 percent of the potential variable benefits of open,
private and all banks separately. Claessens et al., (2011) analyzing the remote bank activities in 80
nations, presumed that outside banks encounter lower (higher) net-premium edges, overhead costs and
gainfulness than local banks in created (creating) nations. They likewise presumed that remote banks
nearness partners with a lower benefit and a higher provisioning for terrible credits by residential banks.
Khumbhakar et al., (2011) utilized short run benefit capacity to research the impacts of deregulation on
the execution of Spanish investment funds banks over the period 2011–2013. The study reasoned that
mean yield misfortunes because of specialized wastefulness expanded post deregulation recommending

8. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 66
that battle to keep pace with the changing managing an account situation. The study additionally
discovered that branch development was a viable focused technique. Jahangir et al., (2013) inspected
efficiency and gainfulness of the keeping money sector in Bangladesh amid the period 2012– 2014.
Result uncovered that remote commercial banks were more gainful and beneficial than private,
nationalized commercial banks and other particular banks. The explanation for the relatively less tasteful
execution of nationalized banks was because of the nonattendance of benefit making destinations,
fumble, government intercession, orders to credit program of government, red tapism, work of wasteful
representatives, manual bookkeeping techniques, and so forth.
Majnoni et al., (2013) looking at the elements of remote bank proprietorship announced that outside
banks accomplish higher gainfulness levels, estimated by Return on Assets and this execution was
reliant on the term of their essence in the nation and the nature of the underlying speculation, with
green-field remote banks outflanking other outside banks. Also, outside proprietorship was related with
lower loaning spreads with green-field banks setting the most reduced spreads. Demirguc et al., (2014)
analyzed the effect of bank direction, showcase structure and national organizations on bank net
premium edges and overhead costs utilizing information for more than 1400 banks crosswise over 72
nations, for the periods 1995– 1999. While fixation was decidedly connected with net intrigue edges,
this relationship separates while controlling for administrative obstructions to rivalry and expansion.
Fa¨re et al., (2014) concentrated on two measures to be specific benefit proficiency in managing an
account utilizing recently created procedure and decided the impact of risk-put together capital
prerequisites with respect to the benefit execution of US banks for irregular example of 938 banks
amid2011–2012 utilizing non-parametric straight programming strategy. A use proportion limitation and
risk-weighted capital proportion requirement were expressly incorporated into the model, which
permitted recognizable proof of the impact on benefits of these imperatives. The outcomes showed that
allocative wastefulness was a bigger wellspring of benefit misfortune than specialized wastefulness and
that the risk-based capital norms significantly affect bank allocative effectiveness.
Reboredo (2014) analyzed the connection among effectiveness and dissolvability in managing an
account as for a risk– return outskirts for an example of Spanish commercial banks for the period 2012–
2015 . Utilizing middle of the road cost for each bank, the proportion return on value was figured for
every year in the example so as to compute the normal benefit as the time normal of this proportion and
the benefit risk as the standard deviation of this proportion. The exact finding bolstered that more

9. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 67
noteworthy effectiveness as for a risk– return boondocks prompts a more noteworthy dissolvability level
however dissolvability was not identified with productivity. The observational proof uncovered that
dissolvability in some wasteful banks might be as high as dissolvability in some proficient banks and
that an expansion in managing an account rivalry produces both more productivity and dissolvability.
Fitzpatrick and Mcquinn (2015) broke down benefit proficiency of credit organizations utilizing
stochastic outskirts approach and wastefulness display were evaluated at the same time for 55 banks
amid the period 2012– 20. The study utilized translog and greatest probability method. The outcome
showed that both the conjectured "awful administration" and "misfortune" factor seem to have some
effect on the wastefulness levels. These included different pointers of market structure, for example,
branch thickness, fixation and the nearness of non-household banks.
Catarina et al., (2010) analyzed whether residential banks perform superior to anything their remote
possessed partners by looking at the keeping money framework crosswise over eight Southeast
Asiancountries for the period 2013– 2015. As indicated by the outcome, bank's execution exacerbated in
the post-Asian emergency period. The higher non-performing advance to add up to resources proportion
was an indication of higher risk and was adversely connected with bank benefits. The outcomes likewise
proposed that worldwide banks having worldwide preferred standpoint were more cost productive than
residential banks in created nations while the turn around appears to happen in creating nations. This
home-field advantage design had all the earmarks of being steady over the long haul while that for
worldwide preferred standpoint had changed with no such favorable position being accounted for after
the recuperation from the money related emergency. Achsania Ruziqa (2012) inspected the effect of
credit and liquidity risk on bank's money related execution. The study particularly centered around
Indonesian regular keep money with aggregate resource over 10 trillion Rupiah amid 2007– 2011. The
outcomes demonstrated that credit risk had negative significant impact on ROA and ROE, while
liquidity proportion was found having positive significant impact. The impact of bank capital was
decidedly significant on ROA, ROE and NIM (net premium edge). The bank estimate was just found to
have negative significant while credit risk and liquidity proportion was found to have insignificant effect
on NIM.
Eljelly (2013) investigated the determinants of productivity of Islamic banks in Sudan, one of only a
handful couple of nations that have add up to Islamic monetary and keeping money frameworks. The
paper found that just the interior factors of these banks significantly affect bank's gainfulness as

10. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 68
estimated by profit for resources (ROA), return on value (ROE) and net financing edge (MARG). All the
more explicitly cost, liquidity and size of the bank were found to have positive and significant
consequences for benefit. Be that as it may, outer macroeconomic factors were delegated excess and
have no significant impacts on benefit. Yasser et al., (2013) tried the execution of Indonesian banks in
the most-steady time frame, 2015– 2017, subsequent to having the most exceedingly terrible emergency
in the Indonesian bank's history, the Asian Financial Crisis 1997– 1998. By utilizing ROA, ROE and net
premium pay to add up to resource (NIITA) as the intermediaries for bank execution and non
performing credit (NPL) as the intermediary for bank productivity, the study examined 25 Indonesian
banks for three back to back years and connected multivariate relapse analysis to test the proposed
theories. The outcomes uncovered the bank qualities assume essential jobs to decide the bank's
execution estimation; anyway these factors have less impact on the bank effectiveness estimation.
Guillén et al., (2014) built up a model to gauge the determinants of Latin American bank's productivity
and attempted to comprehend the reasons why banks were hesitant to diminish their loan cost spreads
notwithstanding when change in intensity in the money related framework was progressing. By utilizing
DEA analysis to all the more likely endeavor the data of a few factors in the meantime for 200 banks
situated in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela, they discovered that bank's benefits became reliably over the ordinary
levels of benefits balanced by risk. The outcomes demonstrated that Latin America banks have been
benefitting from oligopolistic position in burden to their customers specifically and entire economy
when all is said in done.
Discoveries of the above studies features the importance of benefit for the supportability of keeping
money sector and that however managing an account capacities are pretty much uniform, cost contrasts
between establishments crosswise over nations in light of innovative enhancement as well as because of
capability, risk factor, size and store. Anyway the studies are not comprehensive and need framework
wide analysis and the basic leadership introduction was by and large absent.
4.4 RELATED STUDIES
Sergio (2013) studying non-performing credits in Italy found an expansion in the riskiness of advance
resources was established in a bank's loaning arrangement citing to generally unselective and deficient
appraisal of sectoral prospects. Business cycle could be an essential purpose behind banks non-

11. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 69
performing credits. In any case, the expansion in awful obligations as an outcome of subsidence alone
was not exactly illustrated. Berger and Young (2012) utilized Granger-causality systems to test four
speculations with respect to the connections among credit quality, cost proficiency and bank capital. The
outcomes recommended that the between fleeting connections between advance quality and cost
productivity keep running in the two headings. Further the study offer help for the misfortune
hypothesis– increments in nonperforming credits will in general be trailed by declines in estimated cost
effectiveness proposing that large amounts of issue advances cause banks to expand spending on
checking, working out, as well as auctioning off these advances. For the business in general, the
information support the awful administration hypothesis over the holding back hypothesis. Anyway for a
subset of banks that were reliably effective crosswise over time, the information support the holding
back hypothesis and furthermore bolstered the ethical peril hypothesis and further recommended that, on
a normal, daintily promoted banks go out on a limb, which results in more elevated amounts of issue
credits later on.
Peristiani (2013) made an endeavor to find out whether mergers upgraded the proficiency of enduring
banks. The study was led in US with 4900 individual exchanges using the translog adaptable useful
shape and DFA to gauge the cost structure of banks and infer proportions of productivity. The outcomes
demonstrate that amid 1980s mergers were not useful to banks as far as x-productivity. The analysis
demonstrated that obtaining banks accomplished just moderate enhancements in scale proficiency. This
might be because of the way that the littler target banks were on a normal are less scale productive than
their acquirers. The analysis demonstrated that some merger survivors could upgrade execution after the
merger. Claessens et al., (2011) examined execution contrasts among residential and remote banks in 80
nations both created and creating, from late–2011 to mid 2014s and discovered that outside bank section
was by and large pursued by a decrease in both benefit and the overhead costs of residential banks
proposing that remote interest enhanced the proficiency of local banks. Shanling Li et al., (2011)
researched the money related execution of Chinese banks utilizing monetary proportion analysis. They
utilized the information on 15 banks, 4 states claimed and 11 joint value banks amid 2013– 15. The
analysis demonstrated that the low efficiency of state claimed commercial banks came about because of
the higher proportion for non-premium costs and lower premium edge than joint value banks. The lower
overall revenue in state claimed banks cut down their ROA and ROE even with the counterbalancing
impacts of increasingly proficient usage of the advantages and higher budgetary use. Chinese banks
produced bring down comes back with higher money related risks than their western partners. Cuesta

12. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 70
and Oreia (2012) examined mergers and specialized effectiveness in Spanish funds banks by utilizing a
stochastic yield separate capacity to oblige numerous yield innovation amid the period 2013– 2015. The
study reasons that combined firms will be more proficient than non-consolidated firms. Das (2012)
analyzed the interrelationship among risk, capital and efficiency change of the 27public sector banks in
India from2013–2015 through 2009– 2011. The concurrent conditions framework was fitted by pooled
time-arrangement, cross-area technique independently utilized for each size class. The study presumed
that higher efficiency prompted a decline in credit risk, it affected bank capitalization. It bolstered the
way that efficiency, capital and risk taking will in general be resolved together and these were
counterbalancing one another.
Fries et al., (2012) inspected the execution of banks in 16 change nations amid 2012–2016. The
discoveries showed that bank's execution depend significantly on the change condition together with the
focused conditions that they encounter. Banks working in conditions where generous advancement had
been embraced in managing an account and endeavor changes were observed to make adequate edges on
advances and offering aggressive edges on stores while as yet recording negative profits for value.
Possession structures don't appear to influence edges aside from remote banks, which have marginally
bring down edges. Bhattacharya and Das (2013) inspected the nature and the degree of changes in the
structure of managing an account in India amid the 1990s and the effect of these progressions on costs
and yield of saving money administrations amid a similar period. The study found solid proof of
progress in the market structure in managing an account in India and that the significant piece of the
change happened amid the mid 1990s. In spite of a spate of mergers amid the late 1990s market focus
was not significantly influenced and contended that the ideal market structure in India could be one
essential factor that prompted a decrease in the 'costs' of keeping money benefits after the controlled
premium routine was lifted
Fuentes and Maquieira (2013) examined the impact of lawful changes and institutional changes using a
credit card showcase advancement and the low level of unpaid obligation in the Chilean managing an
account sector utilizing time arrangement information (2012–2016). They inferred that both data sharing
and profound money related market advancement were emphatically related to the credit showcase
improvement.
Jimenez and Saurina (2013) utilized logit model for investigating the determinants of the likelihood of

13. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 71
default (PD) of bank credits as far as factors, for example, insurance, sort of moneylender and bank-
borrower relationship while controlling for the other logical factors, for example, size of advance, size of
borrower, development structure of advances and cash sythesis of advances. Their experimental
outcomes recommended that collateralised advances had a higher PD, advances allowed by investment
funds banks were riskier and a nearby bank-borrower relationship positively affected the eagerness to go
out on a limb. In the meantime, size of bank advance negatively affected default while development
term of credits, i.e., momentary advances of short of what one-year development had a significant
constructive outcome on default. Rajan and Dhal (2013) observationally analyzed how bank's NPAs
were affected by three noteworthy arrangements of monetary and money related factors, i.e., terms of
credit, bank measure incited risk inclination and macroeconomic stuns. The outcomes demonstrated that
when the bank estimate was estimated as far as resources, the bank measure had negative effect on
NPAs, while the proportion of bank measure, as far as capital, gives inverse outcome. Further,
proportion of credit introduction had significant negative effect on NPAs, inferring that borrowers
connect impressive significance to moderately more credit (client) situated banks. The presentation to
need sector had positive effect on the NPA level. Dongili and Zago (2015) assessed the specialized
effectiveness of Italian banks by considering issue credits and utilizing directional separation capacities.
The outcomes demonstrated that once issue advances were considered, the financial productivity of
banks increment significantly proposing that a significant part of saving money generation, credit quality
should be viewed as while assessing bank's exhibitions.
Utilizing information on Indian assembling sector for 1993– 94, Ghosh (2005) inspected the relationship
between corporate use and bank's non-performing advance. The outcomes demonstrated that the capital
ampleness of banks have a significant and negative impact on resource quality. The discoveries
additionally demonstrated that the slacked use was an essential determinant of awful advances of banks.
Utilizing monetary information gathered from people in general posting organizations in China's
securities exchange, Lu et al., (2015) experimentally inspected the connection between bank's loaning
conduct and non-performing credits. Results demonstrated that state-claimed endeavors (SOEs) got a
larger number of credits than different firms, different things being equivalent and SOEs with high
default risks could acquire more than the generally safe SOEs and non-SOEs. This proposes Chinese
banks had a foundational loaning predisposition for SOEs, especially those with high default risks, amid
the period under scrutiny. Madhavankutty (2007) broke down keeping money industry for best practices.
He finished up the keeping money framework in India had achieved enough development and was

14. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 72
prepared to address prudential administration rehearses as completely as could be allowed. Banks need
to set down sound risk the board procedures and inside capital ampleness evaluation advisory groups to
guarantee that they don't veer from the prudential prerequisites. Nur et al., (2007) talked about the
adequacy of bank directions and supervisory works on amid the deregulation, pre-emergency and
emergency periods in the Turkish managing an account sector. The emergencies over the most recent
two decades underlined the significance of prudential and free supervision, particularly in developing
markets with deficient legitimate, legal and budgetary foundation. The 2009– 2011 emergencies in
Turkey demonstrated that insufficient direction, feeble supervision and political obstruction exasperated
the expense of the keeping money emergency.
Ved Pal and Malik (2007) inspected the distinction in money related qualities of 24 open, 24 private and
23 outside sector banks dependent on factors, for example, gainfulness, liquidity, risk and effectiveness
for the time of 2000– 2005. Multinomial relapse analysis uncovered that outside banks turned out to be
superior worker in producing business with a given level of assets and they were better furnished with
administrative practices and as far as aptitudes and innovation. Outside banks were increasingly
predictable with market framework as reflected as far as net premium edge. People in general banks rose
as the following best entertainer giving a higher profit for value in contrast with remote and private
banks. The private sector banks developed as a superior client of assets when contrasted with open
sector banks. Anca et al., (2008) assessed the impacts of keeping money rivalry in the Czech Republic
somewhere in the range of 2008 and 2009. Rivalry was estimated by the Lerner record on the credit
showcase, utilizing information on advance costs. The study found no enhancement in managing an
account rivalry amid the progress time frame. The study examined the relationship and causality among
rivalry and proficiency by utilizing Granger-causality-type analysis, which upheld negative causality
running from rivalry to productivity. Subsequently, results dismissed the natural 'calm life' hypothesis
and demonstrate a negative connection among rivalry and proficiency in keeping money.
Mamoun (2008) analyzed the intercession impact of administration quality execution on the connection
between administration quality and bank execution. The discoveries demonstrated that benefit quality
measurements (utilitarian and specialized) have a positive and significant impact on bank execution. The
discoveries showed that showcasing abilities and corporate picture applied the most grounded
intercession impact on the connections between useful quality and monetary based measures.
Authoritative factors and promoting abilities applied the most grounded intercession impact on the

15. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 73
connections between useful quality and client based measures
Hierarchical factors and corporate picture have completely intervened the connection between utilitarian
quality and enhancing bank's picture. Tsai-lien Yeh (2008) inspected whether mergers advance
productivity in the keeping money industry. DEA study uncovered that specialized effectiveness and
efficiency in Taiwanese banks expanded all the more amid the ex-post period (2013– 2014) of the
Merger Act than amid the ex-bet periods (1999– 2000). The exact aftereffects of the study demonstrated
that banks enduring mergers showed expanded specialized effectiveness because of economies of scale.
Further, efficiency analysis reported a positive relationship between size of banks and profitability
development. Kanika (2010) investigated of NPAs of the general population sector banks for the period
2002– 03 to 2008– 09. The study watched increment in gross and additionally net NPAs in total terms
and enhanced resource nature of banks. The factual tests found insignificant relationship between gross
NPAs and gross advances and net NPAs and net advances.
Mahipal (2011) inspected the concept of NPAs, its size and effect on the files of benefit, non-performing
resource, spread weight, credit-stores proportion, settled stores proportion, working costs, arrangements
and contingences and different records for each of the 27 open sector banks for the time of 2011– 13 to
2015– 16. The basic straight relapse work was utilized to examine the effect of NPA on productivity of
general society banks. One fourth credit of aggregate advances was as suspicious resource in the
underlying year of the nineties and adversy affected gainfulness of open banks at total or sect oral level
demonstrating high level of riskiness in credit portfolio and bringing up issue check on the credit
evaluation. The gainfulness of all open sector banks (50 percent) was influenced to substantial degree
when NPAs work with other saving money key factors and furthermore influence profitability and
proficiency. Pacha (2011) inspected the condition of undertaking of the NPAs of general society sector
and private sector banks in India with exceptional reference to more fragile segments from 2007– 2010.
The benefit nature of open sector banks and private sector banks enhanced reliably in the previous
couple of years as reflected in the decrease in the proportion of NPAs as level of advances to more
fragile areas from 18.9 percent to 3 percent if there should be an occurrence of open sector banks and
from 12.15 percent to 0.5 percent for private sector banks. The study saw that people in general sector
banks have accomplished a more noteworthy entrance contrasted with the private sector banks opposite
the more fragile segments. Syed Ibrahim (2011) assessing the operational execution of the planned
commercial banks in India since 2000, discovered banks significantly enhanced their operational

16. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 74
execution in 2009. Credits conveyed and ventures made by these banks have indicated significant
enhancement. Enhancement in speculation store proportion and offer of level of need sector propels in
complete credit can additionally help in enhancing operational proficiency and in addition the benefit of
Indian planned commercial banks. Vivek et al., (2011) thought about the specialized proficiency of
Indian banks working abroad and outside banks working in India and examined the impact of
transparency of the nation, proprietorship example of the banks on their specialized productivity for the
period 2006– 2007 to 2008– 09 utilizing RBI database. The outcomes uncovered that Indian banks
working abroad were more proficient than the remote banks working in India and banks working in
created nations were observed to be more productive than the banks working in creating nations. The
impact of receptiveness of the nation and in addition possession example of the Indian banks working
outside India had no significant impact on their specialized productivity.
Eliza Sharma and Mukta Mani (2012) estimated the effect of macroeconomic and monetary market
pointers on the execution of the Indian banks for the year 2006– 07 to 2010– 11. It was found from the
study that premium salary of the bank get influenced by the monetary and money related cycles. Stores
and advances get influenced by the macroeconomic pointers, appearing more noteworthy level of
circumstances and logical results connection between factors. Further, banks' factors were less
influenced by the monetary market pointers appearing lesser level of circumstances and logical results
connection between factors. Kavitha (2012) inspected the administration of advantage risk in saving
money sector for the period 2001 to 2010. Result demonstrated that as far as capital ampleness SBI
gathering (12.45 percent) and private bank groups (12.42 percent) were performing superior to anything
the nationalized banks gathering. Liquidity position of the bank groups uncovered that the nationalized
banks gathering (8.43 percent) stood first pursued by private banks gathering and SBI gathering. The
borrowings of private banks gathering (63.42 percent) have minimal fluctuation as far as scattering.
4.5 CONCLUSION
The investigated the causal impacts of institutional changes on bank risk on the move economies.
Utilizing contrast in-distinction approach demonstrated that bank's budgetary security increments
generously after these nations change their legitimate foundations, change managing an account and
rebuild corporate administration. The impacts of lawful and administration changes on bank risk may
fundamentally rely upon the advancement of saving money changes. A further examination of elective

17. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 75
risk measures uncovers that the increments in budgetary soundness among banks for the most part
originate from the decrease of benefit risk. Banks will in general have bring down ROA instability and
less nonperforming advances subsequent to transforming the institutional condition. At long last,
separating the example into remote and residential banks it was discovered that the improvement of
money related soundness was progressively articulated for local banks.
REFERENCES
1. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA , P.S.AITHAL , PERFORMANCE AFFECTING FACTORS OF INDIAN
BANKING SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, George Washington International Law Review, Vol.- 07
Issue -01, April-June 2021, PAGE No : 607-621.
2. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA , P.S.AITHAL , TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AFFECTING FACTORS IN
INDIAN BANKING SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry
(TOJQI), Vol.- 12 Issue -03, June 2021, PAGE No : 603-620,
3. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA , P.S.AITHAL , IMPLICATIONS OF BANKING SECTOR ON
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA, George Washington International Law Review, Vol.- 07 Issue -01,
April-June 2021, PAGE No : 631-642
4. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA , P.S.AITHAL ,STUDY ON PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF BANKS IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRY, International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies
(www.irjhis.com) ,Volume: 2, Issue: 5, May 2021, Page No : 184-194.
5. Bhadrappa Haralayya ; P. S. Aithal . "Study on Model and Camel Analysis of Banking" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals ,Volume 4 ,Issue 11 ,May 2021 Page 244-259.
6. Bhadrappa Haralayya and Aithal, P. S.. “Analysis of cost efficiency on scheduled commercial banks in
India”. International Journal of Current Research, Volume 13, Issue 06, June 2021, pp 17718-17725
7. Bhadrappa Haralayya and P. S. Aithal, “A Study On Structure and Growth of Banking Industry in
India”, International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management ,Volume 4, Issue 5, May
2021.Page no 225–230.
8. Bhadrappa Haralayya, Retail Banking Trends in India ,International Journal of All Research Education and
Scientific Methods (IJARESM), Volume: 9, Issue: 5, Year: May 2021, Page No : 3730-3732.
9. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, P.S.AITHAL, FACTORS DETERMINING THE EFFICIENCY IN INDIAN
BANKING SECTOR : A TOBIT REGRESSION ANALYSIS", International Journal of Science & Engineering
Development Research (www.ijsdr.org), Vol.6, Issue 6, June-2021, page no.1 - 6, ,
10. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA , P.S.AITHAL , IMPLICATIONS OF BANKING SECTOR ON
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA, flusserstudies, Volume 30, June 2021,Page No:1068-1080,

18. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 76
11. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, P.S.AITHAL, STUDY ON PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS, International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology, Volume 8, Issue 1, June-2021
,Page no: 159 – 164,
12. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA , STUDY OF BANKING SERVICES PROVIDED BY BANKS IN
INDIA, International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies (www.irjhis.com), Volume: 2,
Issue: 6, Year: June 2021,Page No : 06-12,
13. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, P.S.AITHAL , ANALYSIS OF BANK PERFORMANCE USING CAMEL
APPROACH", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC
and issn Approved), Vol.8, Issue 5, May-2021, page no 305-314,
14. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, P.S.AITHAL, ANALYSIS OF BANK PRODUCTIVITY USING PANEL
CAUSALITY TEST, Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Volume 50, Issue 6, June-2021
, Page no: 1 – 16,
15. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, P.S.AITHAL, INTER BANK ANALYSIS OF COST EFFICIENCY USING
MEAN, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET),
Volume 10, Issue 6, June-2021 ,Page no: 6391-6397,
16. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, P.S.AITHAL , ANALYSIS OF TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITYAND
PROFITABILITY MATRIX OF BANKS BY HMTFP AND FPTFP, Science, Technology and Development
Journal, Volume 10, Issue 6, June-2021, Page no: 190-203, Available at: http://journalstd.com/gallery/23-
june2021.pdf
17. BHADRAPPA HARALAYYA, P.S.AITHAL , ANALYSIS OF BANKS TOTAL FACTOR
PRODUCTIVITY BY AGGREGATE LEVEL, Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology,
Volume 13, Issue 6, June- 2021 ,Page no: 296-314,
18. Bhadrappa Haralayya, P S Aithal, "ANALYSIS OF BANKS TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY BY
DISAGGREGATE LEVEL", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), Volume.9, Issue 6,
June 2021, pp.b488-b502,
19. Haralayya B. Importance of CRM in Banking and Financial Sectors Journal of Advanced Research in Quality
Control and Management 2021, 6(1): 8-9
20. Haralayya B. How Digital Banking has Brought Innovative Products and Services to India. Journal of
Advanced Research in Quality Control and Management 2021; 6(1): 16-18
21. Haralayya B. Top 5 Priorities That will Shape The Future of Retail Banking Industry in India. Journal of
Advanced Research in HR and Organizational Management 2021; 8(1&2): 17-18.
22. Haralayya B. Millennials and Mobile-Savvy Consumers are Driving a Huge Shift in The Retail Banking
Industry. Journal of Advanced Research in Operational and Marketing Management 2021; 4(1): 17-19
23. Haralayya B. Core Banking Technology and Its Top 6 Implementation Challenges. Journal of Advanced

19. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 77
Research in Operational and Marketing Management 2021; 4(1): 25-27
24. Nitesh S Vibhute ; Dr. Chandrakant B. Jewargi ; Dr. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Study on Non-Performing
Assets of Public Sector Banks" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 4, Issue, 12 June 2021, Page
52-61
25. Haralayya, Dr. Bhadrappa and Saini, Shrawan Kumar, An Overview on Productive Efficiency of Banks &
Financial Institution (2018). International Journal of Research, Volume 05 Issue 12, April 2018.
26. Haralayya, Dr. Bhadrappa, Review on the Productive Efficiency of Banks in Developing Country (2018).
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, Volume 04 Issue 05, April 2018,
27. Haralayya, Dr. Bhadrappa, The Productive Efficiency of Banks in Developing Country With Special
Reference to Banks & Financial Institution (april 30, 2019).
28. Haralayya, Dr. Bhadrappa, Study on Performance of Foreign Banks in India (APRIL 2, 2016).
29. Haralayya, Dr. Bhadrappa, E-Finance and the Financial Services Industry (MARCH 28, 2014).
30. Haralayya, Dr. Bhadrappa, E-payment - An Overview (MARCH 28, 2014).
31. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Customer Satisfaction at M/s Sindol Bajaj Bidar" Iconic Research And Engineering
Journals, Volume 4 ,Issue 12, June 2021, Page 157-169
32. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Ratio Analysis at NSSK, Bidar" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, Volume
4, Issue 12,June 2021, Page 170-182
33. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Financial Statement Analysis of Shri Ram City Union Finance" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals, Volume 4, Issue 12,June 2021, Page 183-196
34. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Employee Job Satisfaction at Big Bazaar" Iconic Research And Engineering
Journals, Volume 4, Issue 12, June 2021, Page 197-206
35. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Effect of Branding on Consumer Buying Behaviour at Vijay Bharat Motors Pvt Ltd,
Bidar" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, Volume 4, Issue 12, June 2021, Page 207-222
36. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Study on Customer Perceptions Guru Basava Motors, Bidar" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals, Volume 4, Issue 12,June 2021, Page 223-231
37. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Study on Loans and Advances for DCC Bank Main Branch Nayakaman, Bidar"
Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, Volume 4, Issue 12, June 2021, Page 232-242
38. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Work Life Balance of Employees at Karanja Industries Pvt Ltd, Bidar" Iconic
Research And Engineering Journals, Volume 4, Issue 12, June 2021, Page 243-254
39. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Working Capital Management at TVS Motors, Bidar" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals, Volume 4, Issue 12, June 2021, Page 255-265
40. Haralayya, Dr. Bhadrappa, Testing Weak Form Efficiency of Indian Stock Market – An Empirical Study on
NSE (April 30, 2021). Emerging Global Strategies for Indian Industry (ISBN: 978-81-910118-7-6), 2021,
41. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Advertising Effectiveness With Reference to Big Bazaar" Iconic Research And

20. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 78
Engineering Journals, Volume 5, Issue 1, July 2021, Page 101-110
42. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Analysis of Non Performing Asset on Urban Cooperative Bank in India" Iconic
Research And Engineering Journals, Volume 5, Issue 1,July 2021, Page 111-121
43. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Ration Analysis With Reference to DCC Bank" Iconic Research And Engineering
Journals, Volume 5, Issue 1, July 2021, Page 122-130
44. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Consumer Buying Behavior With Reference to Bajaj Auto Ltd" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals, Volume 5, Issue 1, July 2021, Page 131-140
45. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Sales Promotion With Reference to Yamaha Motor" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals, Volume 5, Issue 1, July 2021, Page 141-149
46. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Financial Statement Analysis Using Common Size on Mahindra Sindol Motors"
Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, Volume 5, Issue 1, July 2021 , Page 150-159
47. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Loans And Advances with Reference to PKGB Bank" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals, Volume 5, Issue 1, July 2021, Page 160-170
48. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Study on Trend Analysis at John Deere" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals,
Volume 5, Issue 1, July 2021, Page 171-181
49. Haralayya B, Aithal PS. Study on Cost Efficiency in Indian and Other Countries Experience. Journal of
Advanced Research in HR and Organizational Management 2021; 8(1&2): 23-30.
50. Haralayya B, Aithal PS. Study on Theoretical Foundations of Bank Efficiency. . Journal of Advanced
Research in Operational and Marketing Management 2021; 4(2): 12-23.
51. Haralayya B, Aithal PS. Study on Profitability Efficiency in Indian and Other Countries Experience. Journal
of Advanced Research in Quality Control and Management 2021; 6(2): 1-10.
52. S. Vinoth, Hari Leela Vemula, Bhadrappa Haralayya, Pradeep Mamgain, Mohammed Faez Hasan, Mohd
Naved, Application of cloud computing in banking and e-commerce and related security threats, Materials Today:
Proceedings, 2021,ISSN 2214-7853,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.121.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S22147853210712
85).
53. Haralayya B, Jeelan BV, Vibhute NS. Capital Structure and Factors Affecting Capital Structure. J Adv Res
Eco Busi Mgmt 2021; 4(2): 4-35.
54. Vibhute NS, Haralayya B, Jeelan BV. Performance Evaluation of Selected Banks using Ratio Analysis. J Adv
Res Eco Busi Mgmt 2021; 4(2): 36-44
55. Jeelan BV, Haralayya B, Vibhute NS. A Study on Empirical Analysis of Relationship between FPI and
NIFTY Returns. J Adv Res Acct Fin Mgmt 2021; 3(2): 3-22
56. Jeelan BV, Haralayya B, Vibhute NS. A Study on Performance Evaluation of Initial Public Offering (IPO). J
Adv Res Pub Poli Admn 2021; 3(2): 12-26.

21. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 79
57. Basha VJ, Haralayya B, Vibhute NS. Analysis of Segment Reporting with Reference to Selected Software
Companies. J Adv Res Entrep Innov SMES Mgmt 2021; 4(2): 9-26.
58. Jeelan BV, Haralayya B, Vibhute NS. Co-Movement and Integration among Stock Markets: A Study of 10
Countries. J Adv Res Acct Fin Mgmt 2021; 3(2): 23-38.
59.Jeelan BV, Haralayya B, Vibhute NS. A Comparative Study on Selected Foreign Currencies. J Adv Res Eco
Busi Mgmt 2021; 4(2): 45-5
60. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "A Study on Customer Satisfaction at TVS Vanish Motors Bidar" Iconic Research
And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 117-127
61. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Consumer Buying Behavior at Kailash Motors Bidar" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 128-137
62. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Credit Risk of Canara Bank Bidar" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 138-149
63. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Effect of Branding on Consumer Buying Behaviour in Bharat Ford Bidar" Iconic
Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 150-159
64. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Employee Engagement at Kharanja Industry Pvt Ltd Humanbad" Iconic Research
And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 160-170
65. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Employee Performance Appraisal at Sri Veerabhadreshwar Motors Bidar" Iconic
Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 171-183
66. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Employees Traning and Development at Mgssk Ltd Bhalki" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 184-196
67. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Impact of Financial Statement Analysis on Financial Performance in Lahoti Motors
Bidar" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 197-206
68. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Impact of Ratio Analysis on Financial Performance in Royal Enfield (Bhavani
Motors) Bidar" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 207-222
69. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Sales Promotion at Keshva Enterprise Bidar" Iconic Research And Engineering
Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 223-232
70. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "The Impact of Safety and Health Measures of Employees at KJD Pharma Bidar"
Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 233-242
71. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Comparative Analysis of Mutual Funds in Geojit Financial Services Ltd Gulbarga"
Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 243-251
72. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Cost Analysis at MGSSK Bhalki" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals
Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 252-258
73. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Employee Compensation Management at Vani Organic Pvt Ltd Bidar" Iconic
Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 259-266

22. BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ISBN:978-93-94676-00-8 Page 80
74. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Employees Performance Appraisal of Chettinad Cement Gulbarga" Iconic Research
And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 267-277
75. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Ratio Analysis in Muthoot Finance Ltd Aurad" Iconic Research And Engineering
Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 278-284
76. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Study on Promotion Mix Strategy Towards Big Bazaar Bidar" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 285-291
77. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Study on Sales Promotion Techniques Used by VKG Bajaj at Kalaburagi" Iconic
Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 292-298
78. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Working Capital Management in Hyundai Showroom Bidar" Iconic Research And
Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 9 2022 Page 299-308
79. Bhadrappa Haralayya "Study on Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds" Iconic Research And Engineering
Journals Volume 5 Issue 10 2022 Page 29-36
80. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "The Performance of Mutual Fund Schemes in The Framework of Risk and Return"
Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 10 2022 Page 37-44
81. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Risk And Return Analysis of Mutual Funds with Reference to Banks" Iconic
Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 10 2022 Page 45-55
82. Bhadrappa Haralayya . "Comparative Study on Performance Evaluation of Mutual Funds with Reference to
Banking Funds" Iconic Research And Engineering Journals Volume 5 Issue 10 2022 Page 56-64