The basis for kinetics is Newton's second law, which states that when an unbalanced force acts on a particle, the particle will accelerate in the direction of the force with a magnitude that is proportional to the force.
The basis for kinetics is Newton's second law, which states that when an unbalanced force acts on a particle, the particle will accelerate in the direction of the force with a magnitude that is proportional to the force.
I Sunita H.Lakshani Working as a lecturer in Civil Department. Since 10 years. B.L.D.E.A's SSM Polytechnic vijayapur. So I share this PPT to the students regarding Basics of Mechanics, Stresses & Strains.
Basics of mechanics stresses and strains (1)sunitalakshani
I Sunita H.Lakshani Working as a lecturer in Civil Department. Since 10 years. B.L.D.E.A's SSM Polytechnic vijayapur. So I share this PPT to the students regarding Basics of Mechanics, Stresses & Strains.
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My name is Paulin O. I am associated with solidworksassignmenthelp.com for the past 10 years and have been helping the engineering students with their assignments I have a Masters in mechanical Engineering from Cornell University, USA.
11. kinetics of particles work energy methodEkeeda
Learn Online Courses of Subject Engineering Mechanics of First Year Engineering. Clear the Concepts of Engineering Mechanics Through Video Lectures and PDF Notes. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/subject/Engineering-Mechanics
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
I Sunita H.Lakshani Working as a lecturer in Civil Department. Since 10 years. B.L.D.E.A's SSM Polytechnic vijayapur. So I share this PPT to the students regarding Basics of Mechanics, Stresses & Strains.
Basics of mechanics stresses and strains (1)sunitalakshani
I Sunita H.Lakshani Working as a lecturer in Civil Department. Since 10 years. B.L.D.E.A's SSM Polytechnic vijayapur. So I share this PPT to the students regarding Basics of Mechanics, Stresses & Strains.
hooks law help u jjj fjfjjff ke ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
My name is Paulin O. I am associated with solidworksassignmenthelp.com for the past 10 years and have been helping the engineering students with their assignments I have a Masters in mechanical Engineering from Cornell University, USA.
11. kinetics of particles work energy methodEkeeda
Learn Online Courses of Subject Engineering Mechanics of First Year Engineering. Clear the Concepts of Engineering Mechanics Through Video Lectures and PDF Notes. Visit us: https://ekeeda.com/streamdetails/subject/Engineering-Mechanics
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Static Equilibrium
Equilibrium implies that the object moves with both constant velocity and
constant angular velocity relative to an observer in an inertial reference frame.
Will deal now with the special case in which both of these velocities are equal to
zero
This is called static equilibrium.
Static equilibrium is a common situation in engineering.
The principles involved are of particular interest to civil engineers, architects, and
mechanical engineers.
Introduction
3. Elasticity
We can discuss how objects deform under load conditions.
An elastic object returns to its original shape when the deforming forces are
removed.
Various elastic constants will be defined, each corresponding to a different type
of deformation.
Introduction
4. Rigid Object in Equilibrium
In the particle in equilibrium model a particle moves with constant velocity
because the net force acting on it is zero.
With real (extended) objects the situation is more complex .
The objects often cannot be modeled as particles.
For an extended object to be in equilibrium, a second condition of equilibrium
must be satisfied.
This second condition involves the rotational motion of the extended object.
Section 12.1
5. Torque Reminder
Use the right hand rule to
determine the direction of the
torque.
The tendency of the force to cause
a rotation about O depends on F
and the moment arm d.
The net torque on a rigid object causes
it to undergo an angular acceleration.
F r
Section 12.1
6. Conditions for Equilibrium
The net external force on the object must equal zero.
If the object is modeled as a particle, then this is the only condition that must
be satisfied .
The net external torque on the object about any axis must be zero.
This is needed if the object cannot be modeled as a particle.
These conditions describe the rigid object in equilibrium analysis model.
ext 0
F
ext 0
Section 12.1
7. Equilibrium Notes
Translational Equilibrium
The first condition of equilibrium is a statement of translational equilibrium.
It states that the translational acceleration of the object’s center of mass
must be zero.
This applies when viewed from an inertial reference frame.
Rotational Equilibrium
The second condition of equilibrium is a statement of rotational equilibrium.
It states the angular acceleration of the object to be zero.
This must be true for any axis of rotation.
Section 12.1
8. Static vs. Dynamic Equilibrium
In this chapter, we will concentrate on static equilibrium.
The object will not be moving.
vCM = 0 and w = 0
Zero net torque does not mean an absence of rotational motion.
Dynamic equilibrium is also possible.
The object would be rotating with a constant angular velocity.
The object would be moving with a constant vCM.
Section 12.1
9. Equilibrium Equations
We will restrict the applications to situations in which all the forces lie in the xy
plane.
These are called coplanar forces since they lie in the same plane.
This restriction results in three scalar equations.
There are three resulting equations:
SFx = 0
SFy = 0
Sz = 0
The location of the axis for the torque equation is arbitrary.
Section 12.1
10. Center of Mass
An object can be divided into many
small particles.
Each particle will have a specific
mass and specific coordinates.
The x coordinate of the center of mass
will be
Similar expressions can be found for
the y and z coordinates.
i i
i
CM
i
i
m x
x
m
Section 12.2
11. Center of Gravity
All the various gravitational forces
acting on all the various mass elements
are equivalent to a single gravitational
force acting through a single point
called the center of gravity (CG).
Each particle contributes a torque about
an axis through the origin equal in
magnitude to the particle’s weight
multiplied by its moment arm.
CG
m x m x m x
x
m m m
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 2 3
Section 12.2
12. Center of Gravity, cont
The torque due to the gravitational force on an object of mass M is the force Mg
acting at the center of gravity of the object.
If g is uniform over the object, then the center of gravity of the object coincides
with its center of mass.
If the object is homogeneous and symmetrical, the center of gravity coincides
with its geometric center.
Section 12.2
13. Problem-Solving Strategy – Equilibrium Problems
Conceptualize
Identify all the forces acting on the object.
Image the effect of each force on the rotation of the object if it were the only
force acting on the object.
Categorize
Confirm the object is a rigid object in equilibrium.
The object must have zero translational acceleration and zero angular
acceleration.
Analyze
Draw a diagram.
Show and label all external forces acting on the object.
Section 12.3
14. Problem-Solving Strategy – Equilibrium Problems, 2
Analyze, cont
Particle under a net force model
The object on which the forces act can be represented in a free body diagram as a
dot because it does not matter where on the object the forces are applied.
Rigid object in equilibrium model
Cannot use a dot to represent the object because the location where the forces act
is important in the calculations.
Establish a convenient coordinate system.
Find the components of the forces along the two axes.
Apply the first condition for equilibrium (SF=0).
Be careful of signs.
Section 12.3
15. Problem-Solving Strategy – Equilibrium Problems, 3
Analyze, final
Choose a convenient axis for calculating the net torque on the rigid object.
Remember the choice of the axis is arbitrary.
Choose an axis that simplifies the calculations as much as possible.
A force that acts along a line passing through the origin produces a zero torque.
Apply the second condition for equilibrium.
The two conditions of equilibrium will give a system of equations.
Solve the equations simultaneously.
Section 12.3
16. Problem-Solving Strategy – Equilibrium Problems, 4
Finalize
Make sure your results are consistent with your diagram.
If the solution gives a negative for a force, it is in the opposite direction to
what you drew in the diagram.
Check your results to confirm SFx = 0, SFy = 0, S = 0.
Section 12.3
17. Horizontal Beam Example
Conceptualize
The beam is uniform.
So the center of gravity is at the
geometric center of the beam.
The person is standing on the
beam.
What are the tension in the cable
and the force exerted by the wall
on the beam?
Categorize
The system is at rest, categorize
as a rigid object in equilibrium.
Section 12.3
18. Horizontal Beam Example, 2
Analyze
Draw a force diagram.
Use the pivot in the problem (at the
wall) as the pivot.
This will generally be easiest.
Note there are three unknowns (T,
R, q).
19. Horizontal Beam Example, 3
Analyze, cont.
The forces can be resolved into
components.
Apply the two conditions of
equilibrium to obtain three
equations.
Solve for the unknowns.
Finalize
The positive value for θ indicates
the direction of R was correct in the
diagram.
Section 12.3
20. Ladder Example
Conceptualize
The ladder is uniform.
So the weight of the ladder acts
through its geometric center (its
center of gravity).
There is static friction between the
ladder and the ground.
Categorize
Model the object as a rigid object in
equilibrium.
Since we do not want the ladder to slip
Section 12.3
21. Ladder Example, 2
Analyze
Draw a diagram showing all the
forces acting on the ladder.
The frictional force is ƒs = µs n.
Let O be the axis of rotation.
Apply the equations for the two
conditions of equilibrium.
Solve the equations.
Section 12.3
22. Elasticity
So far we have assumed that objects remain rigid when external forces act on
them.
Except springs
Actually, all objects are deformable to some extent.
It is possible to change the size and/or shape of the object by applying
external forces.
Internal forces resist the deformation.
Section 12.4
23. Definitions Associated With Deformation
Stress
Is proportional to the force causing the deformation
It is the external force acting on the object per unit cross-sectional area.
Strain
Is the result of a stress
Is a measure of the degree of deformation
Section 12.4
24. Elastic Modulus
The elastic modulus is the constant of proportionality between the stress and the
strain.
For sufficiently small stresses, the stress is directly proportional to the stress.
It depends on the material being deformed.
It also depends on the nature of the deformation.
The elastic modulus, in general, relates what is done to a solid object to how that
object responds.
Various types of deformation have unique elastic moduli.
stress
elastic ulus
strain
mod
Section 12.4
25. Three Types of Moduli
Young’s Modulus
Measures the resistance of a solid to a change in its length
Shear Modulus
Measures the resistance of motion of the planes within a solid parallel to
each other
Bulk Modulus
Measures the resistance of solids or liquids to changes in their volume
Section 12.4
26. Young’s Modulus
The bar is stretched by an amount DL
under the action of the force F.
The tensile stress is the ratio of the
magnitude of the external force to the
cross-sectional area A.
The tension strain is the ratio of the
change in length to the original length.
Young’s modulus, Y, is the ratio of
those two ratios:
Units are N / m2
i
L
L
A
F
strain
tensile
stress
tensile
Y
D
Section 12.4
27. Stress vs. Strain Curve
Experiments show that for certain
stresses, the stress is directly
proportional to the strain.
This is the elastic behavior part of the
curve.
The elastic limit is the maximum stress
that can be applied to the substance
before it becomes permanently
deformed.
Section 12.4
28. Stress vs. Strain Curve, cont
When the stress exceeds the elastic limit, the substance will be permanently
deformed.
The curve is no longer a straight line.
With additional stress, the material ultimately breaks.
Section 12.4
29. Shear Modulus
Another type of deformation occurs when
a force acts parallel to one of its faces
while the opposite face is held fixed by
another force.
This is called a shear stress.
For small deformations, no change in
volume occurs with this deformation.
A good first approximation
Section 12.4
30. Shear Modulus, cont.
The shear strain is Dx / h.
Dx is the horizontal distance the sheared face moves.
h is the height of the object.
The shear stress is F / A.
F is the tangential force.
A is the area of the face being sheared.
The shear modulus is the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain.
Units are N / m2
Section 12.4
h
x
A
F
strain
shear
stress
shear
S
D
31. Bulk Modulus
Another type of deformation occurs
when a force of uniform magnitude is
applied perpendicularly over the entire
surface of the object.
The object will undergo a change in
volume, but not in shape.
The volume stress is defined as the
ratio of the magnitude of the total force,
F, exerted on the surface to the area, A,
of the surface.
This is also called the pressure.
The volume strain is the ratio of the
change in volume to the original
volume.
Section 12.4
32. Bulk Modulus, cont.
The bulk modulus is the ratio of the volume stress to the volume strain.
The negative indicates that an increase in pressure will result in a decrease in
volume.
i i
F
volume stress P
A
B
V V
volume strain
V V
D
D
D D
Section 12.4
34. Moduli and Types of Materials
Both solids and liquids have a bulk modulus.
Liquids cannot sustain a shearing stress or a tensile stress.
If a shearing force or a tensile force is applied to a liquid, the liquid will flow
in response.
Section 12.4
36. Prestressed Concrete
If the stress on a solid object exceeds a certain value, the object fractures.
Concrete is normally very brittle when it is cast in thin sections.
The slab tends to sag and crack at unsupported areas.
The slab can be strengthened by the use of steel rods to reinforce the concrete.
The concrete is stronger under compression than under tension.
Section 12.4
37. Pre-stressed Concrete, cont.
A significant increase in shear strength is achieved if the reinforced concrete is
pre-stressed.
As the concrete is being poured, the steel rods are held under tension by external
forces.
These external forces are released after the concrete cures.
This results in a permanent tension in the steel and hence a compressive stress
on the concrete.
This permits the concrete to support a much heavier load.
Section 12.4
38. Analysis Model – Rigid Object in Equilibrium
A rigid object in equilibrium exhibits no translational or angular acceleration.
The net external force acting on the object is zero:
This is the condition for translational equilibrium.
The net external torque acting on the object is zero:
This is the conditional for rotational equilibirium.
ext 0
F
ext 0
Summary