Chapter 016 skeleton

Chapter 16
The skeleton

Copyright © Elsevier Ltd 2005. All rights reserved.

Figure 16.1 A mature long bone – partially sectioned.

Figure 16.2 Sections of flat and irregular bones.

Figure 16.3 Microscopic structure of compact bone.

Figure 16.4 Microscopic structure of cancellous bone.

Figure 16.5 The stages of development of a long bone.

Figure 16.6 The skeleton. A. Anterior view: axial skeleton – gold; appendicular skeleton – brown. B. Lateral view.

Figure 16.7 The bones of the skull and their sutures (joints).

Figure 16.8 The bones forming the base of the skull and the cranial fossae. Viewed from above.

Figure 16.9 The right temporal bone. Lateral view.

Figure 16.10 The occipital bone viewed from below.

Figure 16.11 The sphenoid bone viewed from above.

Figure 16.12 The right ethmoid bone and its related structures.

Figure 16.13 The bones of the face. Anterior view.

Figure 16.14 The left mandible. Lateral view.

Figure 16.15 The skull showing the fontanelles and sutures. A. Fontanelles viewed from above. B. Fontanelles viewed from the side. C. Main sutures viewed
from above when ossification is complete.

Figure 16.16 The vertebral column. Lateral view.

Figure 16.17 A lumbar vertebra showing the features of a typical vertebra – viewed from above.

Figure 16.18 A cervical vertebra showing typical features viewed from above.

Figure 16.19 The upper cervical vertebrae viewed from above: A. The atlas. B. The axis. C. The atlas and axis in position showing the transverse ligament.

Figure 16.20 A thoracic vertebra: A. Viewed from above. B. Viewed from the side.

Figure 16.21 The sacrum and coccyx: A. Anterior view. B. Lateral view.

Figure 16.22 Section of the vertebral column showing the ligaments, intervertebral discs and intervertebral foramina.

Figure 16.23 Lower cervical vertebrae separated to show the spinal cord and spinal nerves emerging through the intervertebral foramina. Anterior view.

Figure 16.24 The order of development of the curves of the spine.

Figure 16.25 The thoracic cage. Anterior view.

Figure 16.26 The sternum and its attachments.

Figure 16.27 A typical rib viewed from below.

Figure 16.28 The right clavicle.

Figure 16.29 The right scapula. Posterior view.

Figure 16.30 The right humerus. Anterior view.

Figure 16.31 The right radius and ulna with the interosseous membrane. Anterior view.

Figure 16.32 The bones of the wrist, hand and fingers. Anterior view.

Figure 16.33 The right innominate bone. Lateral view.

Figure 16.34 The bones of the pelvis and the upper part of the left femur.

Figure 16.35 The difference in shape of the male and female pelves.

Figure 16.36 The left femur. Posterior view.

Figure 16.37 The left tibia and fibula with the interosseous membrane. Anterior view.

Figure 16.38 The bones of the foot. Lateral view.

Figure 16.39 The tendons and ligaments supporting the arches of the left foot. Medial view.

Figure 16.40 Stages in bone healing.

Figure 16.41 Achondroplasia.

Chapter 016 skeleton

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