Regional economic integration involves countries reducing trade barriers between each other to promote the free flow of goods, services, and factors of production. There are various levels of integration ranging from free trade areas to political unions. Countries pursue integration to gain economic benefits from free trade and investment and to increase political cooperation. However, integration faces challenges from loss of national sovereignty and potential trade diversion. The European Union is the most integrated bloc in Europe while efforts are ongoing in other regions like North and South America and Africa. Economic integration opens new markets for managers but also increases competition within blocs.
egional economic integration
,
levels of economic integration
,
free trade area b) customs union c) common marke
,
the political case for regional integration
,
the economic case for regional integration
,
mercosur
,
regional economic integration in europe
,
evolution of the european union
,
impediments to integration
,
the case against regional integration
,
the andean community
,
classroom performance system
,
the north american free trade agreement
,
asia-pacific economic cooperation
,
regional economic integration elsewhere
,
regional trade blocs in africa
,
political structure of the european union
,
enlargement of the european union
,
the single european act
,
the establishment of the euro
,
central american common market and caricom
egional economic integration
,
levels of economic integration
,
free trade area b) customs union c) common marke
,
the political case for regional integration
,
the economic case for regional integration
,
mercosur
,
regional economic integration in europe
,
evolution of the european union
,
impediments to integration
,
the case against regional integration
,
the andean community
,
classroom performance system
,
the north american free trade agreement
,
asia-pacific economic cooperation
,
regional economic integration elsewhere
,
regional trade blocs in africa
,
political structure of the european union
,
enlargement of the european union
,
the single european act
,
the establishment of the euro
,
central american common market and caricom
11 The Strategy of International BusinessBrent Weeks
To evaluate industry structure, firm strategy, and value creation
To profile the features and functions of the value chain
To assess how managers configure and coordinate a value chain
To explain global integration and local responsiveness
To profile the types of strategies firms use in international business
Learning Objectives
To review types of economic integration among countries
To examine the costs and benefits of integrative arrangements
To understand the structure of the European Union and its implications for firms within and outside Europe
To explore the emergence of other integration agreements, especially in the Americas and Asia
To suggest corporate response to advancing economic integration
national differences in political economy
,
what is individualism?
,
what is a political economy?
,
what is a political system?
,
what is collectivism?
,
how does modern-day socialism look?
,
how can intellectual property be protected?
,
how are contracts enforced in different legal syst
,
what is product safety and liability
,
how are property rights and corruption related?
,
what is an economic system
,
what is totalitarianism?
,
what is a legal system?
01 Globalization and International BusinessBrent Weeks
To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
Information related to Regional Economic Integration. Trade policies, Pros, and Cons of International Business, ShankerDev Campus, Economy, and Finance.
This PPT deals with the global capital market which is a network of financial institutions and markets where individuals, companies, and governments can raise and invest capital on an international scale.
11 The Strategy of International BusinessBrent Weeks
To evaluate industry structure, firm strategy, and value creation
To profile the features and functions of the value chain
To assess how managers configure and coordinate a value chain
To explain global integration and local responsiveness
To profile the types of strategies firms use in international business
Learning Objectives
To review types of economic integration among countries
To examine the costs and benefits of integrative arrangements
To understand the structure of the European Union and its implications for firms within and outside Europe
To explore the emergence of other integration agreements, especially in the Americas and Asia
To suggest corporate response to advancing economic integration
national differences in political economy
,
what is individualism?
,
what is a political economy?
,
what is a political system?
,
what is collectivism?
,
how does modern-day socialism look?
,
how can intellectual property be protected?
,
how are contracts enforced in different legal syst
,
what is product safety and liability
,
how are property rights and corruption related?
,
what is an economic system
,
what is totalitarianism?
,
what is a legal system?
01 Globalization and International BusinessBrent Weeks
To define globalization and international business and show how they affect each other
To understand why companies engage in international business and why international business growth has accelerated
To discuss globalization’s future and the major criticisms of globalization
To become familiar with different ways in which a company can accomplish its global objectives
To apply social science disciplines to understanding the differences between international and domestic business
Information related to Regional Economic Integration. Trade policies, Pros, and Cons of International Business, ShankerDev Campus, Economy, and Finance.
This PPT deals with the global capital market which is a network of financial institutions and markets where individuals, companies, and governments can raise and invest capital on an international scale.
Dr Sam Ruturi 2018 Chapter 3 Customs and Regional Trade Regional Integrationsamruturi
This lecture material looks at the Customs and Regional Trade with specific reference to regional integration between countries in Africa and the rest of the world.
International Business Management: Regional Economic EntegrationFeleke Solomon
Regional Economic Integration is one of the major emphasis topics under international business management. I highlight the meaning REI, its types, modes, and the importance of REI in facilitating International business.
Module 3 online lectures ( https://myclasses.argosy.edu/d2l/le/content/17886/viewContent/740034/View)
Regional Economic Integration (1 of 6)
Graphic depicting levels of regional economic integration.
What is Regional Economic Integration?
Regional economic integration refers to agreements between countries — usually in the same geographic region — to reduce and ultimately remove economic barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and production elements. Applying the theory of comparative advantage, member nations can expect substantial gains from regional trade agreements.
The five levels of regional economic integration are:
Free trade areas
Customs unions
Common markets
Economic unions
Political unions
We’ll explore each of these types of trade agreements in greater detail.
Regional Economic Integration (2 of 6)
Free Trade Areas
A free trade area eliminates barriers to the trade of goods and services among member nations. In theory the governments of member nations do not permit discriminatory tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or administrative impediments to distort trade among the member nations. However, each country can determine its own trade policies with reference to nonmembers.
Of the several free trade agreements, the most notable is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This is a regional agreement between the government of Canada, the government of the United Mexican States, and the government of the United States of America to implement a free trade area.
Regional Economic Integration (4 of 6)
Click here to visit the European Union (EU) Web site.
Common Markets
Another example of regional economic integration, common markets serve to:
Eliminate trade barriers between member nations
Adopt common external policies
Enable factors of production to move freely among member nations
Common markets usually do not place any restrictions on immigration, emigration, or cross-border flows of capital. Thus, labor and capital move freely within the common markets, unlike in the customs market model. Currently, the European Union (EU) is a common market although its goal is to become a full economic union.
The Treaty of Maastricht, signed in 1991, advanced the goals of the EU by outlining steps for economic union and partial political union. Additionally, the treaty provided a framework for a common foreign policy, an economic policy, a defense policy, citizenship, and currency.
The common currency eliminates exchange costs and reduces risk, making EU organizations more efficient than they were before the formation of the EU. By adopting the Euro, the EU has created the second largest currency zone in the world — second only to the U.S. dollar.
If the EU is successful in establishing a common market and currency among all its members, member nations can expect positive results from the free flow of trade and investment.
Competition among European organizations may also in ...
08 Cross-National Cooperation and AgreementsBrent Weeks
To identify the major characteristics and challenges of the World Trade Organization
To discuss the pros and cons of global, bilateral, and regional integration
To describe the static and dynamic impact of trade agreements on trade and investment flows
To define different forms of regional economic integration
To compare and contrast different regional trading groups
To describe other forms of global cooperation such as the United Nations and OPEC
Features of Research
It means the discovery of new knowledge
Is essentially an investigation
Is related with the solution of a problem
It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
In research, the researchers try to find out answers for unsolved questions
It should be carefully recorded and reported
Need for research: (Importance of Research)
The main importance of research is to produce knowledge that can be applied outside a research setting. Research also forms the foundation of program development and policies everywhere around the universe. It also solves particular existing problems of concern. Research is important because we are able to learn more about things, people, and events. In doing research, we are able to make smart decisions.
Marketing research is important because it allows consumers and producers to become more familiar with the products, goods, and services around them. Research is important to society because it allows us to discover more and more that might make are lives easier, more comfortable, and safer. It presents more information for investigation.
This allows for improvements based on greater information and study. It is very important. Research encourages interdisciplinary approaches to find solution to problems and to make new discoveries. Research is a basic ingredient for development and therefore serves as a means for rapid economic development.
The main importance or uses may be listed as under:
It provides basis for government policies
Helps in solving various operational and planning problems of business and industry
Research helps in problem solving
Is useful to students, professionals, philosophers, literary men, analysts and intellectuals.
Objectives of Research
1. To find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered so far.
2. Aims at advancing systematic knowledge and formulating basic theories about the forces influencing the relation between groups as well as those acting on personality development and is adjustment with individuals.
3. Try to improve tools of analysis or to test these against the complex human behavior and institutions.
4. To understand social life and thereby to gain a greater measure of control over social behavior.
5. To provide an educational program in the accumulated knowledge of group dynamics, in skills of research, in techniques of training leaders and in social action.
Qualities / Characteristics of a Good Research
• A good research must be systematic
• A good research must be logical
• A good research must be empirical (experiential) (Practical)
• A good research must be verifiable
• As far as possible common concepts must be used
• Procedure followed in research must be sufficiently described
• Research procedure should be so described that objective of research can be achieved.
Motives of Research:
(a) To face the challenge in solving unsolved problems.
(b) To get i
The presentation will focus on exploring the concept of regional economic integration and how it has been implemented in different regions across the world. The presentation deals with an overview of the different types of regional economic integration, including free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, and economic unions.
In a highly competitive global world, mastering international business administration is becoming necessary for managers worldwide to successfully perform diverse business activities with other parties in different countries.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
3. 9-3
What Is Regional
Economic Integration?
Regional economic integration - agreements
between countries in a geographic region to
reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to the free
flow of goods, services, and factors of
production between each other
Question: Do regional trade agreements
promote free trade?
In theory, yes, but the world may be moving toward a
situation in which a number of regional trade blocks
compete against each other
4. 9-4
What Are The Levels Of
Regional Economic Integration?
1. A free trade area eliminates all barriers to
the trade of goods and services among
members
2. A customs union eliminates trade
barriers between members and adopts a
common external trade policy
3. A common market has no trade barriers
between members, a common external
trade policy, and the free movement of
the factors of production
5. 9-5
What Are The Levels Of
Regional Economic Integration?
4. An economic union has the free flow of
products and factors of production between
members, a common external trade policy, a
common currency, a harmonized tax rate, and
a common monetary and fiscal policy
5. A political union involves a central political
apparatus that coordinates the economic,
social, and foreign policy of member states
6. 9-6
What Are The Levels Of
Regional Economic Integration?
Levels of Economic Integration
7. 9-7
Why Should Countries
Integrate Their Economies?
All countries gain from free trade and
investment - regional economic integration
is an attempt to exploit the gains from free
trade and investment
Linking countries together, making them
more dependent on each other
creates incentives for political cooperation
and reduces the likelihood of violent conflict
gives countries greater political clout when
dealing with other nations
8. 9-8
What Limits Efforts
At Integration?
Economic integration can be difficult because
while a nation as a whole may benefit from a regional
free trade agreement, certain groups may lose
it implies a loss of national sovereignty
Regional economic integration is only beneficial
if the amount of trade it creates exceeds the
amount it diverts
trade creation occurs when low cost producers within
the free trade area replace high cost domestic
producers
trade diversion occurs when higher cost suppliers
within the free trade area replace lower cost external
suppliers
9. 9-9
What Is The Status Of Regional
Economic Integration In Europe?
Europe has two trade blocs
1. The European Union (EU) with 27
members
2. The European Free Trade Area (EFTA)
with 4 members
The EU is seen as the world’s next
economic and political superpower
10. 9-10
What Is The Status Of Regional
Economic Integration In Europe?
Member States of The European Union in 2011
11. 9-11
What Is The European Union?
The devastation of two world wars on Western Europe
prompted the formation of the European Union (EU)
members wanted lasting peace and to hold their own on the
world’s political and economic stage
The Single European Act (1987) committed the countries
to work toward establishment of a single market by
December 31, 1992
The main institutions in the EU include:
1. The European Council
2. The European Commission
3. The European Parliament
4. The Court of Justice
12. 9-12
What Is The European Union?
The Maastricht Treaty committed the EU
to adopt a single currency
created the second largest currency zone in
the world after that of the U.S. dollar
used by 17 of the 27 member states
Many countries have applied for EU
membership
Turkey has been denied full membership
because of concerns over human rights
13. 9-13
What Is The Status Of Economic
Integration In The Americas?
There is a move toward greater regional
economic integration in the Americas
The most significant attempt is the North American
Free Trade Area (NAFTA) between the United States,
Canada, and Mexico
Other significant agreements include the
Andean Community
MERCOSUR
a Free Trade of the Americas is under discussion
Two smaller trade pacts in the Americas are
the Central American Trade Agreement
CARICOM
14. 9-14
What Is The Status Of Economic
Integration In The Americas?
Economic Integration in the Americas
15. 9-15
What Is The Status Of
Economic Integration In Asia?
Various efforts at integration have been
attempted in Asia, but most exist in name
only
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
16. 9-16
What Is The Status Of
Economic Integration In Africa?
Many countries are members of more than
one of the nine blocs in the region
But, since many countries support the use
of trade barriers to protect their economies
from foreign competition, meaningful
progress is slow
East African Community (EAC)
17. 9-17
What Does Economic
Integration Mean For Managers?
Regional economic integration
opens new markets
allows firms to realize cost economies by centralizing
production in those locations where the mix of factor
costs and skills is optimal
But
within each grouping, the business environment
becomes competitive
there is a risk of being shut out of the single market by
the creation of a “trade fortress”