26. Influx of calcium:
activation of enzymes
that damage cellular
components and may
also trigger apoptosis
27.
28.
29. Intra cellular accumulations
a) A normal substance is produced at a normal or an increased rate, but the
metabolic rate is inadequate to remove it. An example of this type of process is
fatty change in the liver.
b) A normal or an abnormal endogenous substance accumulates because of
genetic or acquired defects in its folding, packaging, transport, or secretion.
Mutations that cause defective folding and transport may lead to accumulation of
proteins.
c) An inherited defect in an enzyme may result in failure to degrade a metabolite. The
resulting disorders are called storage diseases.
d) An abnormal exogenous substance is deposited and accumulates because the
cell has neither the enzymatic machinery to degrade the substance nor the ability
to transport it to other sites. Accumulations of carbon or silica particles are
examples of this type of alteration
30. Intra cellular
accumulations
Fatty Change
(Steatosis).
Cholesterol
and
Cholesteryl
Esters
Proteins
Glycogen
Pigments
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42. Cell Injury
& Necrosis
Ischemic
and Hypoxic
Injury
Ischemia-
Reperfusion
Injury
Chemical
(Toxic) Injury
