C-CEBH__ Current Trainees_2015
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Aminah Sheikh's research focuses on understanding the neural mechanisms underlying abnormal brain development that result from early brain injuries. Using a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia, she investigates how these injuries damage subplate neurons in the developing brain and alter the maturation of brain circuits. Her work aims to identify targets for therapies to prevent long-term cognitive impairment resulting from neonatal brain damage.
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Project. Thalamocortical
1. The study aims to evaluate how distinct neuron populations in the thalamus and motor cortex contribute to learning skilled motor tasks in rodents.
2. Rats were trained on a forelimb reaching task and then received injections targeting the thalamocortical pathway to selectively eliminate those neurons.
3. Post-surgery, the rats' performance on the reaching task was assessed and compared to pre-surgery to analyze the functional role of the thalamocortical pathway in motor learning and skilled reaching behaviors.
Differentiation of neural_cells_in_human_embryonic_stem
The document discusses neural differentiation from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. It outlines inducing neural differentiation from hESCs through various stages, including rosette formation and differentiation into neural precursor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Methods of identifying differentiated cell types using immunocytochemistry and markers are also presented. The document also briefly discusses the linkage between neural cells and retinal cells during embryonic development.
PPT Differentiation_of_neural_cells_in_human_embryonic_stem
The document discusses neural differentiation from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. It outlines inducing neural differentiation from hESCs through various stages, including rosette formation and differentiation into neural precursor cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Methods for identifying and characterizing the differentiated neural cell types are also presented, such as immunocytochemical staining and electrophysiological recording. The linkage between neural cells and retinal cells is briefly discussed.
Katoh_et_al-2015-Brain_and_Behavior
The study analyzed Purkinje cell responses in the cerebellar flocculus of mice during visually and vestibularly driven eye movements. Recordings were made from Purkinje cells in awake, head-fixed mice undergoing optokinetic and vestibular stimulation. As in other species, the Purkinje cells carried both vestibular and nonvestibular signals related to eye and head movement. However, the mouse Purkinje cells showed a higher sensitivity to eye velocity compared to other species, likely reflecting the smaller range of eye movements in mice.
Ap Psychology Case Study
Here are the key functions of the structures in abnormal psychology based on the information provided:
Amygdala: Responsible for how one perceives emotions like anger, fear, and sadness. Also controls emotions like aggression. Helps store memories of events and emotions.
Hypothalamus: Regulates basic bodily functions like hunger, thirst, sleep, temperature, and heart rate. Releases hormones that control these functions.
Thalamus: Sorts and distributes sensory data to different areas of the cortex. Sorts information as visual, tactile, auditory, or gustatory and sends it to the appropriate cortical region for processing. Sends visual information to the occipital lobe.
Chapter5 Power Point Lecture
The document discusses the development and plasticity of the brain. It notes that the brain develops rapidly early in life through processes like proliferation, differentiation, myelination and synaptogenesis. Experience and physical maturation influence brain development throughout life. The brain has some ability to reorganize itself in response to experiences, as seen in cases of brain damage recovery where new connections form.
Chapter5
The document discusses brain development and plasticity. It notes that the brain develops rapidly early in life through processes of proliferation, differentiation, myelination and synaptogenesis. Experience and physical maturation influence development. The brain remains plastic throughout life as axons and dendrites modify in response to experience. Damage can trigger recovery mechanisms like collateral sprouting, though regeneration is limited in adults.
Senior thesis(2015)_Ganesh
The Quantification of Activity Regulated Cytoskeletal (ARC) Gene in Rat Hippocampus After Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury
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Differentiation of neural_cells_in_human_embryonic_stem
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C-CEBH__ Current Trainees_2015
- 1. 5/5/2016 C-CEBH:: Current Trainees http://www.ccebh.umd.edu/people/current-trainees.html 5/8 Aminah Sheikh’s research interest is in understanding neural mechanisms underlying communication disorders. Her thesis focuses on the mechanisms of abnormal brain development. Her project is to connect the changes in brain circuits after fetal injuries with subsequent symptoms of neurological disorders. For example, premature white matter brain injury results in interruption of normal brain maturation and consequently increases risk of developing cerebral palsy and epilepsy in infants. Using a rodent stroke model, Hypoxia- Ischemia (HI), one can induce selective injury to developing neurons in the subcortical white matter region of the brain, the subplate neurons. Lesion studies, including her own (Tolner* Sheikh* et al., 2012), have shown that subplate neurons are necessary for proper development of the cerebral cortex. Thus, while it is clear that subplate neurons play a major role in the maturation of developing brain circuitry, she is currently investigating the mechanism by which subplate damage leads to altered development, which has yet to be elucidated. The subplate is selectively vulnerable to early brain injury such as Hypoxia-Ischemia (McQuillen et al., 2003). Therefore, she is using a neonatal rat model for Hypoxia-Ischemia (HI) in which the neonatal rat experiences a lack of oxygen and blood flow one to two days after birth to understand the mechanisms of how these neonatal injuries lead to brain disorders. Her hypothesis is that these neonatal injuries cause altered development by changing subplate neuron function. On a circuit level, she is currently identifying the effects of HI by studying changes to intrinsic and synaptic properties of cortical neurons in primary auditory cortex in brain slices in vitro. From studying the anatomical and physiological synaptic circuit changes after HI injury, she hopes to identify targets for therapies such as shrinkage in brain size and neuron receptor function, to help prevent long-term brain damage and cognitive impairment. Ultimately, she plans to demonstrate a novel mechanism of how different types of brain injury involve damage to subplate neurons in primary auditory cortex during development and in doing so, demonstrate the universal importance of subplate neurons in the proper anatomical and functional maturation of multiple sensory areas of the rat brain. Fig 1: Hypoxic-Ischemic P18-23 animals have increased excitatory synaptic inputs from both superficial cortical layers 2/3 and layer 4. EPSC recordings (holding membrane potential at -70 mV) from LSPS mapping experiments are transformed to input maps for layer 4 neurons from HI group (4 example cells) and control group (4 example cells). White circles indicate soma location.
- 2. 5/5/2016 C-CEBH:: Current Trainees http://www.ccebh.umd.edu/people/current-trainees.html 6/8 Strength of excitatory inputs from different cortical locations are calculated from peak amplitude of EPSC recordings and are color coded. The marginal black traces are summed EPSCs along laminar and columnar directions. Website: http://www.clfs.umd.edu/biology/kanold/People.html Publications: A. Sheikh*, J. Liu*, A. Isaiah, P.O. Kanold. Hypoxic-Ischemic injury alters auditory cortex function in neonatal rats. 44th Annual Society for Neuroscience Conference; Washington, DC (2014). (SFN abstract) Tolner EA*, Sheikh A*, Yukin AY, Kaila K, Kanold PO. Subplate neurons promote spindle bursts and thalamocortical patterning in the neonatal rat somatosensory cortex. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2012;32(2):692-702. Epub 2012/01/13. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1538-11.2012. PubMed PMID: 22238105. expand + collapse - NATALIE TRZCINSKI Natalie Trzcinski is a postdoctoral fellow in the Neural Systems Lab working with Drs. Jonathan Fritz and Shihab Shamma. She received her PhD in Neuroscience from Johns Hopkins University working with Drs. Steven Hsiao and Ed Connor at the Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute . After exploring experience-dependent plasticity and neural mechanisms of attention in the somatosensory system for her PhD, she will now be examining similar questions in the auditory system. She plans to track neural changes in several cortical areas as an animal learns an auditory task. Website: http://www.isr.umd.edu/Labs/NSL/ Publications: Gomez-Ramirez M, Trzcinski NK, Mihalas S, Niebur E, Hsiao SS (2014) Temporal Correlation Mechanisms and Their Role in Feature Selection: A Single-Unit Study in Primate Somatosensory Cortex. PLoS Biol 12(11): e1002004.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002004 expand + collapse -