The document provides an overview of using case-based reasoning (CBR) systems in the oil industry. It discusses two specific CBR systems - TrollCreek and DrillEdge. TrollCreek addresses problems that arise during drilling such as hole cleaning and uses cases structured with descriptions of specific situations and their solutions. DrillEdge is a real-time decision support system that predicts problems, classifies situations, and provides advice. It compares current drilling data to past cases using similarity metrics and alerts engineers to relevant past cases.
This project aimed to reduce paste usage and costs on Backing Line 4 by improving the calendar roll, backing roll, and installing new measurement tools. Goals included installing a new nip station, controlling paste temperature to manage viscosity, and using a Terahertz thickness gauge to eliminate destructive testing. The project achieved a cost savings of $1.7 million annually within one month by installing temporary new rolls. Controlling paste temperature and installing the gauge were ongoing. Success criteria included reducing paste usage and providing real-time thickness measurements for better process control.
The document summarizes the key discussions and outcomes from a workshop focused on using direct digital manufacturing (DDM) of metallic components to enhance operational readiness and reduce costs for the US Navy. The workshop brought together experts from government, industry and academia. They identified technical challenges and potential approaches to address qualifications and certification; innovative structural design; and maintenance and repair using DDM. Near, mid and long term objectives and approaches were proposed to develop the necessary technologies and reduce barriers to implementing DDM for naval aviation.
Naval Aviation Materials and Manufacturing Workshop: Accelerating Technolog...frazierwe
The purpose of the workshop was to identify the means of effecting a 30% reduction in cost and a 30% increase in throughput, by accelerating the insertion of extant and emerging Materials and Manufacturing Technologies.
Bridging Cross-Functional Systems Using PPDM Well StandardMunira Gandhi
The document discusses how Chevron used the PPDM Well Standard to integrate cross-functional well data sources and develop a Waterflood Reservoir Management Solution. It implemented a Well Head Stream and Well Reporting Stream based on the PPDM standard to bridge master and transactional data from different systems. This approach helped address challenges around a common identifier, integrating diverse needs, and bridging data while ensuring scalability, commonality, and minimizing complexity and effort.
Test Plan Development using Physics of Failure: The DfR Solutions ApproachCheryl Tulkoff
This document discusses using physics of failure (PoF) methodology to develop optimized test plans that are tailored to a product's specific design, materials, use environment, and reliability needs. It provides an overview of key aspects of test plan development including defining reliability goals and the use environment, identifying failure inducing loads, developing a comprehensive test plan, and ensuring change control processes and ongoing reliability testing are in place. The document also presents a case study of how PoF modeling was used to develop a test plan for microinverters intended for a 25-year lifespan in harsh outdoor solar installations.
Operations research (O.R.) is commonly misunderstood as only involving mathematical tools, but it actually takes a broader, systematic approach to problem solving using analytical tools. While O.R. has received some criticism, examples demonstrate its effectiveness in improving productivity across various applications, including production planning, gasoline blending, scheduling flexible manufacturing systems, fleet assignment for airlines, and enhancing customer service and productivity in banking. The chapter urges industrial engineers to study O.R. to understand how it can improve productivity.
The document discusses various types of plant layouts including process layout, product layout, fixed position layout, and cellular manufacturing layout. It describes factors that influence plant layout design such as material handling costs, worker effectiveness, and safety. The objectives of a good plant layout are to provide production capacity, reduce costs, increase productivity, and improve safety. Methods for selecting and designing plant layouts include travel chart analysis and long distance analysis.
Prodml Production Reporting | Hydrocarbon Allocation Forum | 2014 09-30EnergySys Limited
Energistics is a global consortium that develops open data exchange standards for the upstream oil and gas industry. The PRODML standard provides a simplified schema for production reporting to meet regulatory needs and enable operators to report daily and monthly production data to non-operating partners. Work is underway to develop the data model for the simplified production reporting schema and test it. The first release is planned for Q2 2015 and will migrate PRODML to Energistics' new common technical architecture.
This project aimed to reduce paste usage and costs on Backing Line 4 by improving the calendar roll, backing roll, and installing new measurement tools. Goals included installing a new nip station, controlling paste temperature to manage viscosity, and using a Terahertz thickness gauge to eliminate destructive testing. The project achieved a cost savings of $1.7 million annually within one month by installing temporary new rolls. Controlling paste temperature and installing the gauge were ongoing. Success criteria included reducing paste usage and providing real-time thickness measurements for better process control.
The document summarizes the key discussions and outcomes from a workshop focused on using direct digital manufacturing (DDM) of metallic components to enhance operational readiness and reduce costs for the US Navy. The workshop brought together experts from government, industry and academia. They identified technical challenges and potential approaches to address qualifications and certification; innovative structural design; and maintenance and repair using DDM. Near, mid and long term objectives and approaches were proposed to develop the necessary technologies and reduce barriers to implementing DDM for naval aviation.
Naval Aviation Materials and Manufacturing Workshop: Accelerating Technolog...frazierwe
The purpose of the workshop was to identify the means of effecting a 30% reduction in cost and a 30% increase in throughput, by accelerating the insertion of extant and emerging Materials and Manufacturing Technologies.
Bridging Cross-Functional Systems Using PPDM Well StandardMunira Gandhi
The document discusses how Chevron used the PPDM Well Standard to integrate cross-functional well data sources and develop a Waterflood Reservoir Management Solution. It implemented a Well Head Stream and Well Reporting Stream based on the PPDM standard to bridge master and transactional data from different systems. This approach helped address challenges around a common identifier, integrating diverse needs, and bridging data while ensuring scalability, commonality, and minimizing complexity and effort.
Test Plan Development using Physics of Failure: The DfR Solutions ApproachCheryl Tulkoff
This document discusses using physics of failure (PoF) methodology to develop optimized test plans that are tailored to a product's specific design, materials, use environment, and reliability needs. It provides an overview of key aspects of test plan development including defining reliability goals and the use environment, identifying failure inducing loads, developing a comprehensive test plan, and ensuring change control processes and ongoing reliability testing are in place. The document also presents a case study of how PoF modeling was used to develop a test plan for microinverters intended for a 25-year lifespan in harsh outdoor solar installations.
Operations research (O.R.) is commonly misunderstood as only involving mathematical tools, but it actually takes a broader, systematic approach to problem solving using analytical tools. While O.R. has received some criticism, examples demonstrate its effectiveness in improving productivity across various applications, including production planning, gasoline blending, scheduling flexible manufacturing systems, fleet assignment for airlines, and enhancing customer service and productivity in banking. The chapter urges industrial engineers to study O.R. to understand how it can improve productivity.
The document discusses various types of plant layouts including process layout, product layout, fixed position layout, and cellular manufacturing layout. It describes factors that influence plant layout design such as material handling costs, worker effectiveness, and safety. The objectives of a good plant layout are to provide production capacity, reduce costs, increase productivity, and improve safety. Methods for selecting and designing plant layouts include travel chart analysis and long distance analysis.
Prodml Production Reporting | Hydrocarbon Allocation Forum | 2014 09-30EnergySys Limited
Energistics is a global consortium that develops open data exchange standards for the upstream oil and gas industry. The PRODML standard provides a simplified schema for production reporting to meet regulatory needs and enable operators to report daily and monthly production data to non-operating partners. Work is underway to develop the data model for the simplified production reporting schema and test it. The first release is planned for Q2 2015 and will migrate PRODML to Energistics' new common technical architecture.
In low oil-price environments, it is customary to cut expenses, reduce staff, and postpone most, if not all, capital investments. While this strategy may be financially sound in the short term, it is ineffective in the long run, particularly for companies with the need to sustain production levels or to replace reserves through drilling, production or reservoir projects. Heavy oil projects are usually more challenging, as production costs are higher and the oil price is even lower.
This presentation addresses the dilemma of controlling cost and at the same time sustaining production and increasing recovery. A balance can be struck by focusing on the quality of decisions, such as when and where to invest, and ensuring that projects are delivered on- budget, a common issue in the E&P industry. The central idea in this presentation is that, in the most complex and financially challenging case of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects, the combination of quality decision making and the implementation of “fit-for-purpose” technology offers the most promising middle-point. By providing eight examples of innovative technologies to help reduce uncertainty, cost and time for delivering commercial EOR oil, and three successful case studies, the audience will gain confidence in the proposition that it is perfectly viable to double recoveries for many of our fields in the next 15 years, even in the current price scenario.
Finally, EOR is a business, and as such it needs to compete favorably with other businesses in a company’s E&P portfolio - challenging in low oil price environments. The lecture will close by presenting a strategy, illustrated with an example, on how to divert from the traditional engineering approach in favor of a managerial decision approach, that will help engineers to justify viable recovery projects.
This document discusses a turbine case study involving the PowerCo company. PowerCo initiated the Turbine project to develop a more competitive steam turbine as the market was declining and their turbines lagged competitors' in efficiency. The project involved multi-disciplinary teams from areas like aerodynamics and mechanical integrity working to increase efficiency while controlling costs. It pushed boundaries by developing the longest rotor blades ever and considering new materials like titanium. Successfully integrating knowledge across disciplines and developing new technologies was challenging due to uncertainties and limited validation of modeling tools.
This document discusses optimizing the orientation of an offshore oil and gas platform through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Key parameters like natural ventilation, helideck impairment from exhaust, wind chill effects, lifeboat drift, and tendon stress were considered. CFD simulations using STAR-CCM+ were conducted for different platform orientations. The results showed the optimum orientation balanced all parameters, with the platform's north facing true east-southeast. This approach integrates engineering judgment and CFD to achieve a safer design compared to relying only on past experience.
1) The document discusses factors that govern plant location decisions, including availability of raw materials, markets, labor, transportation, and utilities.
2) It outlines qualitative and quantitative techniques used for optimal plant location, such as factor weighting systems, break-even analysis, and transportation models.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate cost-volume analysis and factor rating systems to evaluate multiple potential plant locations.
This document summarizes the key lessons learned from FEED (Front End Engineering Design) studies for two UK CCS demonstration projects: Kingsnorth-Hewett and Longannet-Goldeneye. It discusses takeaways around various aspects of the full CCS chain including capture plants, pipelines, storage, and the external environment. Some of the main lessons included the importance of integrated analysis, managing risks, clear communication between industry and regulators, and ensuring knowledge transfer between demonstration projects to accelerate future CCS deployment.
Using Nanocoatings: Opportunities & Challenges for Medical DevicesCheryl Tulkoff
There is significant opportunity for improvements in contamination prevention, field performance and cost of medical devices through the use of biocompatible nanocoatings. To be successful using these coatings requires knowledge of the materials and processes on the market, the regulatory status, and the benefits versus risks.
This presentation will provide a clear understanding of the current state of nanocoating technology for medical devices and electronics. There has been an explosion in new coating technologies over the past 24 months. The use of nanocoatings has been driven by the desire for moisture proofing, providing an oxygen barrier ( a hermeticity option) and mitigating tin whiskers. Successful adoption of these coating technologies can lead to improved performance and market differentiation. Inappropriate adoption can drive higher failure rates, recalls and alienation of customers. Obtaining relevant reliability and quality information can be difficult. The information is often segmented for different markets; and, the focus is on the opportunities, not the risks. The primary information sources are either marketing material or confusing, scientific studies. Where is the practical advice?
The document discusses the Network of Networks (NoN) initiative and makes several key points:
1) NoN frames important issues around weather observation networks and partnerships between public, private, and academic sectors.
2) It proposes a "soft" model for collaboration among sectors and articulates the importance of stakeholder needs.
3) NoN recommends a model like the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) approach of developing and testing quasi-operational sensor networks to demonstrate benefits and transition to an operational capability.
Electronics Reliability Prediction Using the Product Bill of MaterialsCheryl Tulkoff
Common MTBF Misconceptions
It is difficult to represent field failures with calculated MTBF models.
It is important for consumers to know how MTBFs were generated
and what the limitations are for those
calculations.
This document discusses why deburring has generally been an underappreciated part of manufacturing. While deburring has quietly grown to become a major problem for industries, it is still often seen as a minor task. The document aims to provide a better understanding of deburring and how to utilize it effectively. It points out that improvements to deburring methods can provide substantial cost savings. However, deburring is complex with many technologies involved and industries face challenges with priorities, resources, and resistance to change that have led to deburring being neglected. Solutions involve education, utilizing outside expertise, and focusing on how deburring improvements can maximize time and cost savings.
This document discusses lessons learned from recent deepwater riser projects and how risers can become more standardized industrial products. It describes an industrialization process for risers involving a technical hierarchy to systematically organize components. This allows for detailed failure mode and effects analysis (FMECA) and structured engineering. An example FMECA is provided for a hybrid riser tower (HRT) system. The analysis identified 2 high risks related to connections at the top and bottom of the HRT, in line with reliability data. Overall the FMECA found 194 medium risks and 437 low risks. The document advocates standardizing key riser design aspects like materials to improve cost effectiveness while meeting functional requirements.
Davies-Craig developed an electric water pump (EWP) for automobiles that can save 3.5-10% of fuel and lower emissions. However, diffusion into the auto industry is slow due to resistance to change and barriers to entry. Davies-Craig identified niche markets for high performance and vintage cars where customers value the benefits. While not yet replacing belt driven pumps, the EWP has proven successful in these markets. To further commercialize the EWP, Davies-Craig will pursue a "Salesman" strategy focused on market research and customer development to adapt to a changing industry and increase competition.
This document discusses rework in construction projects. It provides the following information:
1. Rework contributes significantly to cost and schedule overruns, accounting for 20.7% of costs on average. Common causes of rework include errors, mistakes, and latent conditions.
2. Three main types of errors that lead to rework are mistakes, non-compliance, and slips/lapses. Offshore projects in particular experience high levels of rework, with average cost overruns of 35% and schedule overruns of 7 months.
3. Rework costs can be modeled using probability distributions like the Pareto distribution. This allows estimating the probability of rework costs exceeding certain thresholds based on factors like
- eTOD (electronic terrain and obstacle data) involves collecting digital terrain and obstacle data according to standards to improve aviation safety.
- It is driven by continued risks like CFIT (controlled flight into terrain) and industry demands for standardized data to power new applications.
- eTOD data must meet quality requirements and include metadata. It is captured for various areas around airports and used by systems like flight procedures and terrain awareness.
The document summarizes a thesis defense presentation on analyzing and evaluating accident tolerant fuel concepts for water cooled reactors. It provides an overview of the presentation topics, which include an introduction to accident tolerant fuels, a discussion of nuclear accidents like Fukushima that motivate ATF development, prerequisites for technology assessment including requirements for ATFs, and an initial technology assessment that classified concepts and evaluated them based on cost and risk. The assessment concluded that coating approaches may provide the best balance of near-term deployment and meeting ATF requirements.
When constructing cause and effect relationships the underlying assumptions are crucial, but usually only the assumptions that explain the existence of the effect from the cause are considered.
In this presentation we separate assumptions in 3 layers: the existence, the timing and magnitude assumptions and show how they work.
A Methodology for Degradation Based Long-Term Analysis and Optimization of En...TarannomParhizkar
Modeling of components aging increases system simulation accuracy in long term operation and the optimum decision variables would be more reliable and realistic. Moreover, the developed aging based optimal scheduling framework considers aging cost in the objective function as well as components aging in the optimization procedure. Aging cost is defined as the hourly preventive and corrective maintenance costs. As a result, optimal hourly schedule is affected by not only the income of selling electricity and operation cost but also the maintenance cost. Therefore, plant hourly profit is more realistic and the optimal schedule has a higher utility in comparison with other scheduling methodologies such as day-ahead method. The framework outputs determine the plant startup time, production level and maintenance intervals. This framework can be used in the sensitivity analysis of energy price and ambient conditions as well.
Asset Integrity Management for purpose-built FPSOs and subsea system facilitiesAdvisian
The document discusses the development of an Asset Integrity Assessment and Management (AIM) program for an FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading) facility and associated subsea infrastructure. It describes the key components of the FPSO and subsea system, outlines an approach to developing an AIM program including collecting design and operational data, conducting risk assessments, and prioritizing maintenance. The summary highlights the need to fill data gaps, develop performance indicators to monitor asset degradation, and implement risk management processes to guide the AIM program and ensure the integrity of the offshore oil and gas assets.
The document provides an overview and highlights of California Resources Corporation's Central Reservoir Engineering team from 2013-2015. It summarizes 6 key achievements:
1) Streamlining surveillance processes that exceeded Elk Hills production targets by 5,000 boe/d.
2) Assisting with booking additional proven reserves of 8-10 MMBOE for the Stevens 31S reservoir.
3) Determining the best methodology for booking proven reserves for the contentious ESOZ reservoir.
4) Implementing a streamline program resulting in success at Yowlumne and more opportunities.
5) Leading initiatives for various "poor boy" EOR techniques with potential.
6) Successfully implementing reservoir engineering
Software Engineering, Software Consulting, Tech Lead, Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, Spring Core, Spring JDBC, Spring Transaction, Spring MVC, OpenShift Cloud Platform, Kafka, REST, SOAP, LLD & HLD.
Introducing Crescat - Event Management Software for Venues, Festivals and Eve...Crescat
Crescat is industry-trusted event management software, built by event professionals for event professionals. Founded in 2017, we have three key products tailored for the live event industry.
Crescat Event for concert promoters and event agencies. Crescat Venue for music venues, conference centers, wedding venues, concert halls and more. And Crescat Festival for festivals, conferences and complex events.
With a wide range of popular features such as event scheduling, shift management, volunteer and crew coordination, artist booking and much more, Crescat is designed for customisation and ease-of-use.
Over 125,000 events have been planned in Crescat and with hundreds of customers of all shapes and sizes, from boutique event agencies through to international concert promoters, Crescat is rigged for success. What's more, we highly value feedback from our users and we are constantly improving our software with updates, new features and improvements.
If you plan events, run a venue or produce festivals and you're looking for ways to make your life easier, then we have a solution for you. Try our software for free or schedule a no-obligation demo with one of our product specialists today at crescat.io
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Similar to CBR in the Oil Industry Dannenhauer.pptx
In low oil-price environments, it is customary to cut expenses, reduce staff, and postpone most, if not all, capital investments. While this strategy may be financially sound in the short term, it is ineffective in the long run, particularly for companies with the need to sustain production levels or to replace reserves through drilling, production or reservoir projects. Heavy oil projects are usually more challenging, as production costs are higher and the oil price is even lower.
This presentation addresses the dilemma of controlling cost and at the same time sustaining production and increasing recovery. A balance can be struck by focusing on the quality of decisions, such as when and where to invest, and ensuring that projects are delivered on- budget, a common issue in the E&P industry. The central idea in this presentation is that, in the most complex and financially challenging case of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects, the combination of quality decision making and the implementation of “fit-for-purpose” technology offers the most promising middle-point. By providing eight examples of innovative technologies to help reduce uncertainty, cost and time for delivering commercial EOR oil, and three successful case studies, the audience will gain confidence in the proposition that it is perfectly viable to double recoveries for many of our fields in the next 15 years, even in the current price scenario.
Finally, EOR is a business, and as such it needs to compete favorably with other businesses in a company’s E&P portfolio - challenging in low oil price environments. The lecture will close by presenting a strategy, illustrated with an example, on how to divert from the traditional engineering approach in favor of a managerial decision approach, that will help engineers to justify viable recovery projects.
This document discusses a turbine case study involving the PowerCo company. PowerCo initiated the Turbine project to develop a more competitive steam turbine as the market was declining and their turbines lagged competitors' in efficiency. The project involved multi-disciplinary teams from areas like aerodynamics and mechanical integrity working to increase efficiency while controlling costs. It pushed boundaries by developing the longest rotor blades ever and considering new materials like titanium. Successfully integrating knowledge across disciplines and developing new technologies was challenging due to uncertainties and limited validation of modeling tools.
This document discusses optimizing the orientation of an offshore oil and gas platform through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Key parameters like natural ventilation, helideck impairment from exhaust, wind chill effects, lifeboat drift, and tendon stress were considered. CFD simulations using STAR-CCM+ were conducted for different platform orientations. The results showed the optimum orientation balanced all parameters, with the platform's north facing true east-southeast. This approach integrates engineering judgment and CFD to achieve a safer design compared to relying only on past experience.
1) The document discusses factors that govern plant location decisions, including availability of raw materials, markets, labor, transportation, and utilities.
2) It outlines qualitative and quantitative techniques used for optimal plant location, such as factor weighting systems, break-even analysis, and transportation models.
3) Examples are provided to illustrate cost-volume analysis and factor rating systems to evaluate multiple potential plant locations.
This document summarizes the key lessons learned from FEED (Front End Engineering Design) studies for two UK CCS demonstration projects: Kingsnorth-Hewett and Longannet-Goldeneye. It discusses takeaways around various aspects of the full CCS chain including capture plants, pipelines, storage, and the external environment. Some of the main lessons included the importance of integrated analysis, managing risks, clear communication between industry and regulators, and ensuring knowledge transfer between demonstration projects to accelerate future CCS deployment.
Using Nanocoatings: Opportunities & Challenges for Medical DevicesCheryl Tulkoff
There is significant opportunity for improvements in contamination prevention, field performance and cost of medical devices through the use of biocompatible nanocoatings. To be successful using these coatings requires knowledge of the materials and processes on the market, the regulatory status, and the benefits versus risks.
This presentation will provide a clear understanding of the current state of nanocoating technology for medical devices and electronics. There has been an explosion in new coating technologies over the past 24 months. The use of nanocoatings has been driven by the desire for moisture proofing, providing an oxygen barrier ( a hermeticity option) and mitigating tin whiskers. Successful adoption of these coating technologies can lead to improved performance and market differentiation. Inappropriate adoption can drive higher failure rates, recalls and alienation of customers. Obtaining relevant reliability and quality information can be difficult. The information is often segmented for different markets; and, the focus is on the opportunities, not the risks. The primary information sources are either marketing material or confusing, scientific studies. Where is the practical advice?
The document discusses the Network of Networks (NoN) initiative and makes several key points:
1) NoN frames important issues around weather observation networks and partnerships between public, private, and academic sectors.
2) It proposes a "soft" model for collaboration among sectors and articulates the importance of stakeholder needs.
3) NoN recommends a model like the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) approach of developing and testing quasi-operational sensor networks to demonstrate benefits and transition to an operational capability.
Electronics Reliability Prediction Using the Product Bill of MaterialsCheryl Tulkoff
Common MTBF Misconceptions
It is difficult to represent field failures with calculated MTBF models.
It is important for consumers to know how MTBFs were generated
and what the limitations are for those
calculations.
This document discusses why deburring has generally been an underappreciated part of manufacturing. While deburring has quietly grown to become a major problem for industries, it is still often seen as a minor task. The document aims to provide a better understanding of deburring and how to utilize it effectively. It points out that improvements to deburring methods can provide substantial cost savings. However, deburring is complex with many technologies involved and industries face challenges with priorities, resources, and resistance to change that have led to deburring being neglected. Solutions involve education, utilizing outside expertise, and focusing on how deburring improvements can maximize time and cost savings.
This document discusses lessons learned from recent deepwater riser projects and how risers can become more standardized industrial products. It describes an industrialization process for risers involving a technical hierarchy to systematically organize components. This allows for detailed failure mode and effects analysis (FMECA) and structured engineering. An example FMECA is provided for a hybrid riser tower (HRT) system. The analysis identified 2 high risks related to connections at the top and bottom of the HRT, in line with reliability data. Overall the FMECA found 194 medium risks and 437 low risks. The document advocates standardizing key riser design aspects like materials to improve cost effectiveness while meeting functional requirements.
Davies-Craig developed an electric water pump (EWP) for automobiles that can save 3.5-10% of fuel and lower emissions. However, diffusion into the auto industry is slow due to resistance to change and barriers to entry. Davies-Craig identified niche markets for high performance and vintage cars where customers value the benefits. While not yet replacing belt driven pumps, the EWP has proven successful in these markets. To further commercialize the EWP, Davies-Craig will pursue a "Salesman" strategy focused on market research and customer development to adapt to a changing industry and increase competition.
This document discusses rework in construction projects. It provides the following information:
1. Rework contributes significantly to cost and schedule overruns, accounting for 20.7% of costs on average. Common causes of rework include errors, mistakes, and latent conditions.
2. Three main types of errors that lead to rework are mistakes, non-compliance, and slips/lapses. Offshore projects in particular experience high levels of rework, with average cost overruns of 35% and schedule overruns of 7 months.
3. Rework costs can be modeled using probability distributions like the Pareto distribution. This allows estimating the probability of rework costs exceeding certain thresholds based on factors like
- eTOD (electronic terrain and obstacle data) involves collecting digital terrain and obstacle data according to standards to improve aviation safety.
- It is driven by continued risks like CFIT (controlled flight into terrain) and industry demands for standardized data to power new applications.
- eTOD data must meet quality requirements and include metadata. It is captured for various areas around airports and used by systems like flight procedures and terrain awareness.
The document summarizes a thesis defense presentation on analyzing and evaluating accident tolerant fuel concepts for water cooled reactors. It provides an overview of the presentation topics, which include an introduction to accident tolerant fuels, a discussion of nuclear accidents like Fukushima that motivate ATF development, prerequisites for technology assessment including requirements for ATFs, and an initial technology assessment that classified concepts and evaluated them based on cost and risk. The assessment concluded that coating approaches may provide the best balance of near-term deployment and meeting ATF requirements.
When constructing cause and effect relationships the underlying assumptions are crucial, but usually only the assumptions that explain the existence of the effect from the cause are considered.
In this presentation we separate assumptions in 3 layers: the existence, the timing and magnitude assumptions and show how they work.
A Methodology for Degradation Based Long-Term Analysis and Optimization of En...TarannomParhizkar
Modeling of components aging increases system simulation accuracy in long term operation and the optimum decision variables would be more reliable and realistic. Moreover, the developed aging based optimal scheduling framework considers aging cost in the objective function as well as components aging in the optimization procedure. Aging cost is defined as the hourly preventive and corrective maintenance costs. As a result, optimal hourly schedule is affected by not only the income of selling electricity and operation cost but also the maintenance cost. Therefore, plant hourly profit is more realistic and the optimal schedule has a higher utility in comparison with other scheduling methodologies such as day-ahead method. The framework outputs determine the plant startup time, production level and maintenance intervals. This framework can be used in the sensitivity analysis of energy price and ambient conditions as well.
Asset Integrity Management for purpose-built FPSOs and subsea system facilitiesAdvisian
The document discusses the development of an Asset Integrity Assessment and Management (AIM) program for an FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading) facility and associated subsea infrastructure. It describes the key components of the FPSO and subsea system, outlines an approach to developing an AIM program including collecting design and operational data, conducting risk assessments, and prioritizing maintenance. The summary highlights the need to fill data gaps, develop performance indicators to monitor asset degradation, and implement risk management processes to guide the AIM program and ensure the integrity of the offshore oil and gas assets.
The document provides an overview and highlights of California Resources Corporation's Central Reservoir Engineering team from 2013-2015. It summarizes 6 key achievements:
1) Streamlining surveillance processes that exceeded Elk Hills production targets by 5,000 boe/d.
2) Assisting with booking additional proven reserves of 8-10 MMBOE for the Stevens 31S reservoir.
3) Determining the best methodology for booking proven reserves for the contentious ESOZ reservoir.
4) Implementing a streamline program resulting in success at Yowlumne and more opportunities.
5) Leading initiatives for various "poor boy" EOR techniques with potential.
6) Successfully implementing reservoir engineering
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Crescat Event for concert promoters and event agencies. Crescat Venue for music venues, conference centers, wedding venues, concert halls and more. And Crescat Festival for festivals, conferences and complex events.
With a wide range of popular features such as event scheduling, shift management, volunteer and crew coordination, artist booking and much more, Crescat is designed for customisation and ease-of-use.
Over 125,000 events have been planned in Crescat and with hundreds of customers of all shapes and sizes, from boutique event agencies through to international concert promoters, Crescat is rigged for success. What's more, we highly value feedback from our users and we are constantly improving our software with updates, new features and improvements.
If you plan events, run a venue or produce festivals and you're looking for ways to make your life easier, then we have a solution for you. Try our software for free or schedule a no-obligation demo with one of our product specialists today at crescat.io
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CBR in the Oil Industry Dannenhauer.pptx
1. D U S T I N D A N N E N H A U E R
D T D 2 1 2 @ L E H I G H . E D U
P R E S E N T A T I O N F O R C S E 4 3 5
1 1 / 0 5 / 2 0 1 2
CBR in the Oil Industry
4. The Oil Industry
Oil and gas main energy sources in many countries
New wells are continuously demanded
Currently about 1190 offshore rigs in the world, %70
operational at any time
Over 3000 rotary land rigs in the world (2000 in US
alone)
2025 forecasts an estimated need of 115 million
BOPD from 85 million in 2010 (McCormack 2010)
Industry is heavily technology dependent
5. Oil Industry
Goals:
Measurable return on investment
Reduction in accidents (fires, blowouts, sinking/capsizing)
Improvement in oil and gas measurement yield
Fewer lost days of production
CBR can address all of these
7. Drilling for Oil
Educational Video:
http://www.ustream.tv/recorded/8990220
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9gGqNUxQ5Q
Tripping: act of pulling drill string out and feeding it
back in
8. Process of Drilling
Complex Operation
Symptoms/Problems generally arise around the drill
bit
Each well may experience similar and new problems
Especially given trajectories and composition
The source of oil may be as far as 10 km away from
drilling rig [3]
11. Specific Problems to Drilling
Hole Cleaning
Hole Collapse
Swelling
Erosion of Weakened Wellbore
Thick Filter Cake
Lost Circulation (TrollCreek)
Dissolving
12. Problems w/ Knowledge in Industry
“Experience Attrition”
Not just age gap – communication gap (soft and hard skills)
Want “Lessons Learned” and “Best Practices
Study (Brett et al., 98) showed benefit of ~10% with sharing
best practices within a company
Real Time Operation Centers
Good but still not perfect
Engineers staring at graphs 12 hours straight
Loss of communication between shifts
14. Why Use CBR/A.I. in Oil Industry
Reduce costs (reduce non-productive time, NPT)
Offshore rigs cost hundreds of thousands of dollars per day per
rig
NPT up to 30%
If NPT reduced 5% in a year, savings of 2.1 Billion
Offshore drilling typically takes 1 month high investment
Increase safety
Anything that can improve the process is demanded
Address Knowledge Problems
Limited access to human experts
Age gap problem
15. General Sources of Data
Sensors installed at surface and downhole(@ drillbit)
Data is transmitted and translated
Generally monitored by humans reading real-time parameter
graphs
Huge amount of data
Keeping live physical models is computationally expensive
Sometimes requires manual computation
Documents:
Daily drilling reports
End of well reports for every single well
Human Engineers
16. Why machine learning doesn’t work
Could not predict problems directly
Very few serious examples
Stuck pipe, stuck drill string, etc may only happen few times a year
Necessary to learn from very few examples
While generally not more than 10-20 parameters, often
not possible to detect symptoms without looking at
trends and frequencies over the last 12-24 hours
Machine learning is still used – but not as primary
technique
17. Problems with Knowledge
Knowledge loss from poor communication, between
shifts, etc leading to late identification of a problem
Some engineers stare at graphs 12 hours straight
Just becoming aware of a situation is crucial
Example problems:
Drilling pipe gets stuck in the ground because gravel pack
around it
Drillstring twists off and drilling mud is lost in the formation
19. TrollCreek
Address all phases of drilling process:
Planning (TC addresses drilling engineer)
Plan Implementation (TC addresses the driller and platform
superintendent)
Post Analyses (adding the drilling engineer and management)
Cases describe specific situations
Indexed by relevant features
Structured into subcases at several levels
They are indexed by direct, non-hierarchical indices,
leaving indirect indexing mechanisms to be take care of
by the embedding of the indices with the general domain
model
20. TrollCreek
All cases contain knowledge of:
Identifying information – such as owner, place/date,
formation/geology, well section, depth/mudtype
Recorded parameter, specific errors or failures
Necessary procedures to solve the problem, normative cases,
best practice, repair path (row of events)
Final path, success ratio of solved case, lessons learned,
frequently applied links
Links may go to such things like corporate databases
For example: logging and measurement databases
or textual lessons learned documents or formal drilling reports
21. TrollCreek
Initial case matching using standard weighted
feature sim metric
Each case in this set is either extended or reduced,
based on explanations generated within the general
domain model
Cases are structured in such a way that makes them
suitable for finding the solution of a problem and/or
to search for missing knowledge
22. TrollCreek
An initial repair path is always tried out by the
drilling engineer, which usual succeeds.
However, if it fails, it turns into a new case, or new
problem.
The model based reasoning with the general domain
model may find a solution, even if no case is found.
Then this specific situation, with this new solution,
gets stored as a new case transforming general
domain knowledge combined with case-specific data,
into case-specific knowledge
27. DrillEdge
Real-Time Decision Support System
High Cost Oil-Well Drilling Operations
Developed by Verdande Technology (Norway)
Awarded Meritous Award for Engineering Excellence
for DrillEdge by E&P Magazine
Cost about 4.5 million to reach first commercial
version in 2009
Currently 12 full time developers
Deployed on over 200 wells
28. DrillEdge: Purpose
Predict Problems
Classify different kinds of situations
Give advice how to mitigate problems
29. DrillEdge: Cases
Two parts: Description and Solution
Description used to compare cases
Solution is an experience transfer from human to human
Cases are captured and written by drilling experts
Represented as tree structures in XML files
30. DrillEdge: Case Descriptions
Features, such as:
Symptoms (location and time)
Design of bottom hole assembly
Qualities of formation or its composition
Type of drilling fluid and or composition
Trajectory of the well
31. DrillEdge: Case Solution
Textual description intended for humans (4 parts)
Problem description part
Describes the specific situation
Symptoms part
Describes the symptoms they were experiencing
Response action
Actual actions taken
Recommended action
Based on post-analysis – what should have been done
32. DrillEdge: Cases as XML Files
Root node has two main sections:
Problem description
Problem solution
Each of these may contain other sections or leaf nodes
Example:
Problem Description contains:
Formation
Drilling fluid
Bottom hole assembly
Well Geometery
Symptoms
Formation section contains formation
name and composition (lithology)
Drilling fluid section contains
properties describing the fluid, such
as mud weight and whether oil or
water based
33. DrillEdge: Sequence Section of Case Description
Special kind of feature: Sequence Section
Contains “events” (which are symptoms)
Different types depending on type of symptom
representing
Two sequence sections:
1. Distribution of events over a given depth of where the drill bit
is
2. Represents events over a limited time period
34. DrillEdge: Case Similarity
Compare root nodes
Similarities of root nodes are aggregated into section
similarities
Section similarities are combined recursively until
the similarity of the root nodes are found
Root nodes can be of different types (ints, doubles,
enumerations, sequences).
Different similarity measure can be configured for
each comparison
Some are standard, others domain specific
36. DrillEdge: Overall Process
Continuously compares the current situation with
cases in case base
Each time step, real-time data is interpreted
If symptoms of problems are identified, events are
fired
Current situation is represented by both important
events and contextual information
Events are stored in the case as depth and time
sequences
37. DrillEdge: From Engineer’s Perspective
DrillEdge searches and retrieves cases and compares
them to the current case
Sorted on similarity
All past cases above a given threshold are visualized on a
GUI element, a radar, to alert and advice the user of past
historic cases
New case is created if current situation is not covered by
any cases stored in the case base or if other advice
applies to this situation
New cases are quality assured through peer review by a
group of experts
38.
39. DrillEdge: Challenges
3 Main Challenges:
Revising symptom recognition
Time used to find and capture a proper case
Real-time demands on similarity comparison
40. Summary and Questions?
Drilling for oil is a complex operation
Access to data and information is a huge problem in
oil industry
CBR integrated with different reasoning methods has
proven to be effective in reducing NPT
41. References
[1] Shokouhi, S. V., Aamodt, A., & Skalle, P. (2010). Applications of CBR in oil well
drilling. In Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Intelligent Information
Processing (pp. 102-111).
[2] Pål Skalle, Agnar Aamodt and Odd Erik Gunderson Transfer of experience for
improved oil well drilling Advances in Drilling Technology - E-proceedings of the
First International Conference on Drilling Technology (ICDT - 2010)
[3] Gundersen, Odd Erik, et al. "A Real-Time Decision Support System for High Cost
Oil-Well Drilling Operations." Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, IAAI
(to appear, 2012) (2012).
[4] Skalle, Pål, and Agnar Aamodt. "Knowledge-based decision support in oil well
drilling." Intelligent Information Processing II (2005): 443-455.
[5] Shokouhi, Samad, et al. "Determining root causes of drilling problems by
combining cases and general knowledge." Case-Based Reasoning Research and
Development (2009): 509-523.
42. Timeline of CBR Systems
Irrgang et al. (1999)
CSIRO – CBR for well planning – started “Drilling Club”
Skalle et al. (2000) (KI)
CBR during drilling - w/ 50 cases from North Sea – lost circulation
Bhushan et al. (2002)
CBR to globally search for reservoir analogues for planning and
development of oil fields
Mendes et al. (2003)
CBR in Well Design – Initiative to model petroleum well design
Fuzzy sets and genetic algorithms
Karvis and Irrgang (2005)
Genesis – CBR for oil field design – multi-level indexing scheme
Khajotia et al. (2007)
Non typical approach – CBR within predictive mathematical model
43. CBR Systems
Irrgang et al. (1999)
CSIRO – CBR for well planning – started “Drilling Club”
Skalle et al. (2000)
CBR during drilling - w/ 50 cases from North Sea – lost circulation
Bhushan et al. (2002)
CBR to globally search for reservoir analogues for planning and
development of oil fields
Mendes et al. (2003)
CBR in Well Design – Initiative to model petroleum well design
Fuzzy sets and genetic algorithms
Karvis and Irrgang (2005)
Genesis – CBR for oil field design – multi-level indexing scheme
45. Knowledge Intensive CBR (Ki-CBR)
Skalle et al. (2000)
CBR during drilling - w/ 50 cases from North Sea – lost
circulation
Transfer of Experience
Skalle, Aamodt, Gunderson 2010
TrollCreek
Skalle and Aamodt, 2005
Mendes et al. (<insert year here>)
46. Skalle et al. (2000) – CBR – North Sea - LC
Offshore oil well drilling
Focused on Lost Circulation
Losing drill fluid in formation – fluid not returning to surface
Many different solutions based on formation, fluid, and
current technologies (cement, etc)
Extensive General Knowledge Model
50 different cases created from one North Sea
operator
Retrieve 5 top cases
Informal evaluation showed the 2 best fitting cases
gave valuable advice to the operator
47. Skalle et al. (2000) – Cases & GKM
Case represents a user experience
Different attributes may match/not match by related
with general knowledge model
General Knowledge Model supports by:
Enables semantic searching for past cases (instead of pure
syntactic) – 2 parameters that may seem different might be
similar (for example may be different values but both are
increasing)
Help explain how past solution can help current situation
(adaptation)
Used to explain what to retain in new case (i.e. the ML part)
48. Skalle et al. (2000) – Overall Process
a) Gather data
b) Detect a possibly approaching problem
c) Decide if gathered data are sufficient to define the situation as a
new problem. If not;
d) Perform additional examinations (i.e. check loss rate, check circ.
pressure etc.).
e) Search the case base for similar past cases.
f) Generate a set of the most likely hypothesis and present a set of
possible solutions in descending order to the current problem.
g) Use general domain knowledge to provide explanatory support for
each plausible
hypothesis, and refine the hypothesis list.
h) Interact with user to select the best hypothesis. Generate a
detailed "to-do" list,
i) After the case has been solved, the case base can be updated based
on the situation just experienced.
49. CBR in Oil Industry
Cases generally describe abnormal situations
Some cases are normal situations similar to
abnormal to help distinguish what makes a situation
abnormal
50. CBR Systems in the Oil Industry
Several researchers and companies have tried out CBR for oil
drilling assistance, few reach deployment
CSIRO -> Genesis:
Mendes et al. : Formal Oil Well Planning Methodology
DrillEdge:
only system that links on-line data streams to past cases for real-time
decision support
Related domains: well planning, reservoir engineering,
petroleum geology
51. CSIRO -> Genesis
CSIRO -> Genesis
One of the first
Each well was represented as 1 case
Case structure had three levels
Groups of cases
Groups of attributes
Groups of defined drilling phases and operations
Used multiple cases at varying levels of generality
Used automated tools to:
Extract knowledge
Indexes for the case base from text description
52. Mendes et al.
CBR in offshore well design (planning)
Resulted in a formalization of a methodology for
planning an oil well in CBR context
Used fuzzy set theory for indexing and matching of
index features
Genetic algorithm to determine the proper trajectory
and all pertinent information for drilling
53. KiCBR applied to Hole Cleaning
Hole Cleaning is one of the most important problems
Continuous process
Extreme situations can cause well failure
Phenomenon is not completely understood
Especially with deviated and horizontal drilling
Shokouhi, Aamodt, Skalle, Sormo (2009)
54. KiCBR: Hole Cleaning
Why CBR?
Allows us to view a large set of parameters as a single unit
Previous studies only focused on one paramter at a time
Goal: Reduce Non Productive Downtime (NPT)
Real Time data is main source of problem
description
Predict possible problems ahead of drill bit
55. KiCBR: Hole Cleaning
Three knowledge models needed:
Taxonomy – extracting important terms from domain
Causal Model – model that describes causes and effects
Case base
Features:
Administrative Data, wellbore formation characteristics
Plan data, static and variable drilling data
Drilling activity before case occurence, response action
Conclusion
58. KiCBR: Sim Metric Explained
Relevance Factor is a numerical weight of a feature
Symbolic term only used with model based part
Three types of Features:
Direct Observations – Inferred Paramters –Interpreted Events
0.25 0.5 1.0
61. KiCBR: Experiments
Leave-one-out cross validation
7 Cases
Using general knowledge (model) 2 benefits:
Increase similarity
May change which case is most similar